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Article . 2005
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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Article . 2005
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Turbulence

Authors: Coantic, Michel; Anselmet, Fabien; Tavera, Gérard;
Abstract

Turbulence est synonyme d’agitation, désordre, chaos. L’évolution spatiale ou temporelle de nombreux phénomènes est caractérisée par une absence apparente d’ordre, la coexistence d’échelles très différentes, l’impossibilité d’une reproduction et d’une prévision détaillées. Un tel comportement est qualifié de turbulent.La turbulence des écoulements fluides est omniprésente, et l’on possède aujourd’hui une assez bonne description de sa phénoménologie, une compréhension générale de sa dynamique, et des méthodes approchées de prévision de ses effets. En astrophysique on sait à présent, en dépit de l’imprécision des données, que seule l’intervention de la turbulence peut expliquer certains aspects de la naissance et de la vie des galaxies, étoiles et planètes. Son rôle est de mieux en mieux compris en géophysique interne, et surtout en géophysique externe, où les moyens actuels de mesure et de calcul conduisent à des prévisions météorologiques et océanographiques de plus en plus exactes et détaillées. L’extrême complexité des processus physiques, chimiques et biologiques en interactions et la grande variabilité des échelles temporelles et spatiales concernées limitent cependant encore la précision avec laquelle les grands cycles énergétiques et biogéochimiques peuvent être modélisés. Ainsi, si le réchauffement du climat par les rejets des gaz à effet de serre est une certitude, son amplitude n’est pas encore très exactement connue. La turbulence intervient enfin dans d’innombrables aspects de notre vie et de nos activités techniques, où elle est de mieux en mieux maîtrisée à la suite des recherches théoriques et expérimentales des cent vingt dernières années, et des modélisations et simulations numériques plus récentes. Dans la majorité des applications, après avoir appris à en évaluer les effets on sait aujourd’hui comment les exploiter : on commence même dans certains cas à en « manipuler » la structure.

Turbulence is synonymous with agitation , disorder, chaos. The spatial or temporal evolution of many phenomena is characterized by an apparent lack of order , the coexistence of very different scales, the impossibility of reproduction and of a detailed prediction. Such behavior is described as turbulent.Fluid flow turbulence is ubiquitous, and there now exists a pretty good description of its phenomenology, a general understanding of its dynamics and approximate methods for predicting its effects. In astrophysics it is now known, despite the inaccuracy of the data, that only the intervention of turbulence may explain some aspects of the birth and life of galaxies, stars and planets. Its role is increasingly understood in internal geophysics, and especially external geophysics, where the present measurement and calculation tools lead to meteorological and oceanographic more and more accurate and detailed forecasts . The extreme complexity of physical, chemical and biological processes and interactions, as well as the great variability of temporal and spatial scales involved, however, still limit the precision with which the major energy and biogeochemical cycles can be modeled. Thus, if global warming through the release of greenhouse gases is a certainty, its amplitude is not yet exactly known. Finally turbulence occurs in countless aspects of our lives and our technical activities, where it is better and better controlled as a result of theoretical and experimental research of the past two centuries, and the latest modeling and numerical simulations. In most applications, after learning to evaluate its effects, we now know how to exploit them: we even start in some cases to "manipulate" its structure.

Keywords

astrophysics, geophysics, géophysique, turbulence, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], aerodynamics, astrophysique, aérodynamique, combustion

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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