USAYANSI WA ISTILAHI ZA ISIMU YA KISWAHILI

IJIJIIGAI(A111 ................................................... I TABIUKU................................................... .jj SHtJIRANI....................................................

ORODHA YA JEDWALl ...... . . . . . . ............................. xv AB.ST.RAc1' (Ikisiri) .......................................... xvj SURA IA KWANZA

UTANGULIZI .................................. . ............... 1 1.0 Usuli. wa Mada ..........................................1 1.1 Mada ya Utafiti .........................................3 1.2 Azma ya Utafiti .........................................4 1.3 Upeo wa Tasnifu ........................................ .5 1.4 Nadharia Tete .................... . ......... .... .... . .... 6 1.5 Natija ya Utafiti .................... 4 ........... ...... 6 1.6 Dhana za Kjnadharja ... . ................................. 11 1.7NjiazaUtafitinaUchanganuzi ..........................14 1.7.1 Mahojiano ya Ana kwa Ana .......... . ................. 18 1.7.2 Kidadisi ............. . ................... .... ..... ..20 1.7.3 Machapisho Kuhusu Istilahi za Kiswahili .............24 1.8 Matatizo na Vikwazo Vilivyoshuhudiwa katika Utafiti.....26 1.9MuhtasariwaSurayaKwanza ...... . ............... . ...... 28 SURA IA PILl

TATHMINI IA NADHARIA ZA UUNDAJI WA ISTILAHI .................30 2.0 Utangiilizi .............................................30 2.1 Mbinu Tendakazi Kiistilahi ..............................32 2.1.1 Mbinu ya Kutafsiri ..................................32 2.1.2 l4:binu ya Kidliana .................................... 34 2.2 Nadharia za Uundaji wa Istilahi .........................35 2.2.1 Nadharia Jumla ya Istilahi ........... 36 2.2.2 Nadharia ya Istilahi za Kisayansi ...................42 2.3 Tathmini ya Nadharia za Uundaji Istilahi ..... 44 2.4 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Pili ............................... 47 SURA YA TATU

UUNDAJI WA ISTILAHI ZA ISIMU YA KISWAHILI ...................50 3.0 Utangulizi .............................................50 3.1MaanayaDhanayalstilahi ..............................51 3.2 Maana ya Istilahi za Isiinu ya Kiswahili .................55 3.3 Maana ya Usayansi ......................................60 3.3.1 Misingi ya Usayansi katika Isimu ya Kiswahili .......60 3.3.2 Usayansi katika Istilahi za Isiinu ya.Kiswahili ......64 3.3.2.1 Misingi ya Felber ya Istilahi ........... 66 3.3.2.2 Misingi ya Pitch na Draskau ya Istilahi ......68 3.3.2.3 Misingi ya Mwansoko ya Istilahi .................69 3.3.2.4MisingiyaKiingiyalstlahi ....................71 3.3.3 'Usayansi' katika Mbinu za Uundaji wa Istilahi ......80 3.4 Umuhiinu wa Uundaji wa Istilahi za Isimu ya Kiswahili ... 94 3.4.1 Sababu za Uundaji wa Istilahi .......................94 3.4.1.1 Sababu za Kimaeneo za Uundaji wa Istilahi .......94 3.4.1.2 Sababu za Kijamii na Kiutamaduni za Uundaji wa Istilahi . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ............ . . . . . . . . 97 3.4.1.3 Sababu za Kisiasa za Uundaji wa Istilahi ........102 3.4.1.4 Sababu za Kihistoria za Uundaji wa Istilahi ..... 104 3.4.1.5 Sababu za Kiisimu za Uundaji wa Istilahi ........109 3.5 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Tatu . ..............................114 SURA YA NNE

MBINU ZA UUNDAJI WA ISTILAHI ZA KISWAHILI ...................115 4.0 Utangu].izi.............................................. 115 4.1 Unyanthuaji na Uambishaji ............................118 4 • 1 . 1 Unyambuaji ..... 118 4.1. 2 Uainbishaji .........• ................• • ........• . . . .132 4.2 Uainbatanishaji na Uunganishaji .....................

5.1.2 Ukuzaji wa Istilahi za Isimu: Mbinu za Mbaabu na Kapinga ............................................274 5.1.2.1 Njia ya Mbaabu ya Kuundia Istilahi za Isimu ya Ki.swahili ....................................274 5.1.2.1.1 Unyambuaji na Uambishaji .................. 275 5.1.2.1.2 Kufasiri kwa Dhana ........................ 277 5.1.2.1.3 Maneno 'Pendezi' Yaliyobuniwa na Watu Wengine..................................... 278 5.1.2.2 Njia ya Kapinga ya Kuundia Istilahi za Isimu ya Kiswahili ....................................282 5.1.2.2.1 Unyambulishaji ............................282 5.1.2.2.2MwambatanowaManeno ...................... 284 5.1.2.2.3 Kufasiri kwa Maana ya Dhana...............284 5.1.2.2.4 Ukopaji ................................... 285

5.2 Usawa katika Hbinu za Uundaji wa Istilahi za Kiswahili..289 5.2.1 Mapitio ya Mbinu za Uundaji Istilahi ................298 5.2.1.1 Uunganishaji/Uambatanishajj .....................298 5.2.1.2 Ubunaji/Fasiri ya Maana za Maneno ........300 5.2.1.3 UnyamIuaji ......... .301 5.2.1.4 Ufufuaji na Uasilishaji. wa Msamiati Asilia......302 5.2.1.5 Uhulutishaji ................. 303 5.2.1.6 Ukopaji na Utohoaji .............................304 5.2.1.7 Kaleki ..........................................305 5 . 2 . 1 .SUpanuziwaMaanazaManeno......................306 5.2.1.9 Uradidi ................. ........................ 307 5.2.1.10 Finyazo (Akronimu na Ukatizaji) ... ........

5.3 Muhtasari wa SurayaTano.................... . .......... 310 SURA YA SITA

T1(ATI ................................................ . ..... 379 7.0 Mchango wa Utafiti huu ...... . ...... . .... .. . . .379 7.1 Mapendekezo.. .... .. ...... ........... ............ . ....... 381 7.2 Hitimi.sho ........ ... ..... ..................... 386 VThIIBATISHO

Kiambatisho cha 1: Dhana ya Kinadharia ya Istilahi za Kisayansi ............................................. . . 388 Kiambatisho cha 2: Istilahi za Isimu ya Kiswahili ...........389 Orodha ya Istilahi za Isimu ya Kiswahili Z ilizotathininiwa............ ............................391 Watumiaji wa Lugha ya Kiswahili .........................393 Wanafunzi wa Kiswahili wa Vyuo Vikuu....................397 Jedwali la 3: Usayansi katika Istilahi za Isimu ............. 346 Jedwali la 4: Kiwango cha Usayansi Kulingana na Data ........ 348 Jedwali la 5: Mbinu za Uundaji Istilahi za Isimu Kulingana na Data ....................................... 352

Jedwali la 6: Istilahi za Isimu Zisizo na Usayansi Ikilinganishwa na Zile Zilizopendekezwa na Walengwa ...................................... 358

Lehman, W.P. (1973). Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc.

Leibniz, G.W. (1683). "Ermahnung an die Deutchen," katiká G.W. Leibniz Deutsche Schriften, ( iuh.). W. Schmied Kowarzik, Leipzig 1916.

Leinluon, E.J. (1965). Beginning Logic. Middlesex, England: Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd.