Project main question: ”How does the intensification of agroforestry practices can contribute to sustainable agricultural production and food security in West Africa ?”. Objectives and approach: Agroforestry is a form of “alternative” agriculture which provides multifunctional environmental, economic and social solutions to sustainably contribute to food and income security, while directly mitigating climate change by buffering micro-climate variations. Tree density in parklands depends on balancing crop yield decline, due to competition with trees for vital resources, with advantages provided by trees, according to the social, economic and environmental weights priorities that farmers give to parklands. Parkland management also depends on the user access facilities that are under the control of State and customary institutions governing rights on land and natural resources. Consequently, to maximize their adoption, RAMSESII aims at providing Innovative Scenarios for Managing Sustainable Intensification (ISMSI) of agroforestry parklands that are co-built with Senegalese and Burkinabe stakeholders on the four most common parklands in Africa. A first group of participants works on diagnosis of their dynamic drivers. A second group works on modelling processes controlling tree impacts on farm provisioning and income, associated crop and environment. A third group works on intensification scenarios proposed by farmers at farm scale. To help farmers to select “the best” scenarios, a bio-economic model provides scenario impacts on farm income and environmental performances. Another participative approach at territory scale provides realistic arrangements of parkland and tree governance that favour and sustain farmers who intensify their parklands. A fourth working group uses previous group results in order to co-build with stakeholder’s strategies of ISMSI diffusion at national and sub-regional (West Africa) scales as well as indicators to monitor their impacts.