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Severní Mezopotámie ve třetím předkřesťanském tisíciletí, zejména na základě vykopávek na lokalitě Tell Brak

Authors: Boukalová, Alena;

Severní Mezopotámie ve třetím předkřesťanském tisíciletí, zejména na základě vykopávek na lokalitě Tell Brak

Abstract

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá územím severní Mezopotámie ve 3. tisíciletí př. n. l. Nejdříve je stručně charakterizována oblast Mezopotámie a její vývoj od nejstaršího osídlení do 16. st. př. n. l., jsou uvedeny její hranice a jmenována nejvýznamnější centra a města. Dále jsou také popsány jazyky, které byly na jejím území používány - tedy nejen akkadština a sumerština. Třetí kapitola diplomové práce se zaměřuje na severní Mezopotámii. Nejdříve uvádí informace o celé této oblasti a poté se soustředí na Tell Brak. Tell Brak je jedním z nejstarších měst na světě, které vzniklo na počátku 4. tis. př. n. l.a po většinu 3. tis. př. n. l. si zachovalo politický význam a ekonomickou moc. Nachází se v rovině Horní Chábur v dnešní severovýchodní Sýrii. Je to jeden z největších starověkých pahorků v severní Mezopotámii. Tell Brak jako "město brány" kontroloval jednu z hlavních silnic mezi Asýrií na východ a severní Levantou a Středozemním mořem na západ, jakož i severojižní trasy spojující údolí Eufratu s kovy, dřevem a kamennými zdroji Anatolie. Hlavní mohyla Tell Brak byla obsazena nejméně od roku 6000 př. n. l. do konce 2. tis. př. n. l. nebo do konce pozdní doby bronzové (středoasyrské období). Osídlení Ubaidu do raného islámského data je také doloženo ve vnějším městě. K nejvýznamnějším stavbám, jež se v Tell Brak dochovaly, patří tzv. Brakský Ovál z 1. poloviny 3. tis. př. n. l. a Palác Naramsina z konce 3. tis. př. n. l., jenž dokazuje akkadskou nadvládu v oblasti. Tato kapitola také popisuje průběh archeologických výzkumů, jež probíhaly s pauzou od 20. let 20. st. do počátku 21. st., jmenuje nejvýznamnější osobnosti, jež se podílely na znovuobjevování lokality. Závěrečná část této kapitoly je věnována Churritům, kteří přišli do oblasti na konci 3. tis. př. n. l. a později vytvořili mocnou říši Mittani. Obhájeno This thesis deals with the territory of northern Mesopotamia in the the era of the 3rd millennium BC. Firstly, the region of Mesopotamia and its development from the earliest settlement to the 16th century BC is briefly characterized. Furthermore, its borders are indicated, and the most important centres and cities are named. Also, the languages that were used in the territory are also described - these are not only Akkadian and Sumerian. The third chapter of the thesis focuses on northern Mesopotamia. Firstly, it gives information about the whole area and then focuses on Tell Brak. One of the oldest cities in the world was established in the early 4th millennium BC and maintained its political importance and economic power through most of the 3rd millennium BC. It is located in the Upper Khabur Plain in what is in present-day north-eastern Syria. It is one of the largest ancient mounds in northern Mesopotamia. As a "gateway city", Tell Brak controlled one of the main roads between Assyria in the east and the northern Levant and the Mediterranean in the west, as well as the north-south routes connecting the Euphrates valley which was rich in the metal, timber, and stone resources of Anatolia. The main tor of Brak was occupied from at least 6000 BC until the end of the 2000 BC or the end of the Late Bronze Age (Middle Assyrian period). Ubaid settlement of early Islamic date is also attested in the outer city. The Brak´s Oval from the 1st half of the 3rd millennium BC and the Nárám-Sína Palace from the end of the 3rd millennium, which proves Akkadian dominance in the area, belong to the most important buildings preserved in Tell Brak. This chapter also briefly describes the course of archaeological research which took place with a break from the 20s of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The most important personalities who participated in the rediscovery of the locality are named. The final part of this chapter is dedicated to the Churrits who came to the area at the end of the 3rd millennium BC and later created the mighty Mittani Empire.

Country
Czech Republic
Related Organizations
Keywords

churrité, onager, starověk., brak´s oval, tell brak, pottery, severní mezopotámie, antiquity., keramika, hurriens, nagar, northern mesopotamia, naramsin, brakský ovál

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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