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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao University of Southe...arrow_drop_down
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The reconfiguration of emergency healthcare in Denmark – from the many small hospitals to a few big emergency hospitals

Authors: Fløjstrup, Marianne;

The reconfiguration of emergency healthcare in Denmark – from the many small hospitals to a few big emergency hospitals

Abstract

IntroduktionSiden 2007 er det danske akutte sygehus system blevet reorganiseret. Dette var på baggrund af en rapport hvor Sundhedsstyrelsen præsenterede flere initiativer, der skulle sikre behandling af høj kvalitet i alle dele af landet på alle tider af døgnet. Anbefalingerne omfattede færre akut-hospitaler gennem lukning af små hospitaler. Specialiseret behandling blev centraliseret, her-under akut behandling i akutmodtagelserne med én indgang. Speciallægerne skal være til stede på akutmodtagelserne når som helst på døgnet, og derudover blev obligatorisk henvisning til akutmodtagelserne implementeret. En konsekvens af reorganiseringen var øget rejsetid for mange patienter.Dødelighed betragtes generelt som en af de klassiske, afgørende markører for kvaliteten af behandling. Evaluering af reorganisering af akut systemet er kompleks, og kun få videnskabelige undersøgelser har evalueret de nationale konsekvenser af en reorganisering.Reorganiseringen har haft konsekvenser for sundhedsvæsenet. Vi antager, at reorganiseringen har forbedret det akutte sundhedsvæsen. Derfor sigter denne afhandling på at udforske ændringen i ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter og dødelighed før og efter reorganise-ringen af det akutte sundhedsvæsen. For det første ved at beskrive de nationale ændringer i ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter i den periode, hvor reorganiseringen skete. For det andet ved at undersøge den nationale ændring i dødelighed før og efter reorganiseringen. For det tredje ved at undersøge ændringen i dødeligheden omkring tidspunktet for reorganiseringer på akut-hospitalerne.MetodeDe tre studier i denne afhandling er baseret på individualiserede registerdata for alle voksne (alder ≥ 18 år) ikke-planlagte kontakter til offentlige sygehuse i Danmark fra 2005 til 2017. Studiekohorten omfatter data fra Landspatientregisteret, Folkeregisteret og registre fra Dan-marks Statistik med oplysninger om indkomst og uddannelse.Det første studie beskrev de årlige karakteristika for studiepopulationen. Det anden studie brugte et ”Interrupted time series design” til at beregne æn-dringer i nationale hospitals- og 30-dages dødelighed før og efter reorganiseringen. Hæld-ningsændringen repræsenterer ændringen i hospitals- og 30-dages dødelighed mellem før og efter reorganiseringen, mens præ-trenden repræsenterer, hvordan dødeligheden ville være fortsat, hvis der ikke var nogen reorganiseringen. Vi stratificerede analyserne på tidspunkt på dagen, dag på ugen og på udvalgte diagnoser.Det tredje studie undersøgte umiddelbare ændringer i hospitals- og 30-dages dødelighedsrater omkring tidspunktet for reorganiseringen på hvert af akuthospitalerne. ResultaterI studie 1 inkluderede vi 13.524.680 ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter fra 2005 til 2016. Det årlige antal ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter steg fra 1.067.390 i 2005 til 1.221.601 i 2016 (14,4%). Derudover fandt vi at antallet af ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter med alder ≥65 år og Charlson Comborbidity Index ≥3 steg gennem studieperioden.Vi inkluderede 11.367.655 ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter i studie 2, 4.704.362 før og 6.663.293 efter omorganiseringen af det akutte sundhedsvæsen. Vi fandt ingen statistisk signifikant ændring i hospitalsdødeligheden uanset ugedag og tidspunkt på dagen. Vi fandt en stigning i 30-dags dødelighed på 0,4 % (95% CI: 0.0-0.8%) om året efter reorganiseringen. Ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakte med aortaaneurisme, multitraumer, myokar-dial infarktion og stroke havde faldende dødelighed efter reorganisationen.I studie 3 inkluderede vi 23 akuthospitaler med 11.367.655 ikke-planlagte hospi-talskontakter. Vi fandt, at tre hospitaler havde en statistisk signifikant reduktion i hospitals- og 30-dags dødeligheden umiddelbart efter reorganiseringen.KonklusionI de tre studier fandt vi, at antallet af ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakter steg i løbet af studie perioden. Reorganiseringen førte generelt til en let stigning i 30-dages dødelighed, hvorimod hospitalsdødeligheden ikke blev påvirket af reorganiseringen. Ikke-planlagte hospitalskontakte med aortaaneurisme, multitraumer, myokardial infarktion og stroke havde faldende dødelighed efter reorganisationen. Vi fandt tre hospitaler reducerede hospitals- og 30-dages dødelighed umiddelbart efter reorganiseringen. IntroductionSince 2007, the emergency healthcare system in Denmark has been reconfigured. The Danish Health Authority presented several initiatives to secure high-quality care in every part of the country at every time of day. The recommendations included fewer emergency hospitals, through the closing of small rural hospitals. Specialised treatment was centralised, including emergency care into one unit with one entrance. Also, medical specialists should be present any time of the day in the emergency departments, and in addition, mandatory referral to the EDs was implemented. A consequence of reconfiguration was increased travel time for many patients. Mortality is generally regarded as one of the classics, crucial markers of quality of care. Evaluating the reconfiguration of emergency healthcare is complex and only a few studies have evaluated the national consequences of a reconfiguration.The reconfiguration has had implications for the healthcare system. We hy-pothesise that reconfiguration has improved the emergency care system. Therefore, this the-sis aims to explore the change in unplanned hospital contacts and mortality before and after reconfiguration of the emergency healthcare system. First, by describing the national changes in unplanned hospital contacts during the period the reconfiguration happened. Secondly, by investigating the national change in mortality before and after reconfiguration. Thirdly, by inves-tigating the change in mortality around the time of reconfiguration at the emergency hospitals.MethodsThe three studies in this thesis are based on individual-level register-based data for all adults (age ≥ 18 years) with unplanned hospital contacts to public hospitals in Denmark from 2005 to 2017. The study cohort includes data from The Danish National Patient Registry, The Danish Civil Registration System, and registers from Statistics Denmark with information on income and education.The first study described the annual characteristics of the study population. The second study used an interrupted time series design to calculate changes in national in-hospital and 30-day mortality before and after the reconfiguration. We determined the adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital mortality and hazard ratios for 30-day mortality using logistic and cox regression analysis. We stratified the analyses on time of arrival and selected diagnoses. The third study investigated the immediate changes in in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates around the time of reconfiguration at each emergency hospital. Results In study 1, we included 13,524,680 unplanned hospital contacts from 2005 to 2016. The an-nual number of unplanned hospital contacts increased from 1,067,390 in 2005 to 1,221,601 in 2016 (14.4%). In addition, we found the number of unplanned hospital contacts aged ≥65 years and the number of unplanned hospital contacts with Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 increased over the study period.We included 11,367,655 unplanned hospital contacts in study 2, 4,704,362 be-fore and 6,663,293 after the reorganisation of the emergency healthcare system. We found no statistically significant change in in-hospital mortality regardless of the day of week and time of day. We found an increase in 30-day mortality of 0.4% (95% CI: 0.0-0.8%) per year after the reorganisation. Unplanned hospital contacts with aortic aneurism, major trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke had reduced mortality after the reconfiguration. In study 3, we included 23 emergency hospitals with 11,367,655 unplanned hospital contacts. We found three hospitals had an immediate statistically significant reduction in in-hospital and 30-day mortality after the reconfiguration.ConclusionIn these three studies, we found the number of unplanned hospital contacts to increase during the study period. The reconfiguration overall led to a slight increase in 30-day mortality, where-as in-hospital mortality was unaffected by the reconfiguration. Unplanned hospital contacts with aortic aneurism, major trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke had reduced mortality after the reconfiguration. We found three hospitals to reduce in-hospital and 30-day mortality immediately after the reconfiguration.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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