The project is concerned with two areas which so far have rarely come together: complex terms and proof theory. ExtenDD focuses on definite descriptions as the most important and troublesome singular terms and on sequent calculus and its generalizations as the most important tool of modern proof theory. Since Russell's 'On Denoting', regarded as a paradigm of analytic philosophy, definite descriptions occupy a central place in philosophical research and many deep and detailed studies have been carried out. The second half of the 20th century saw the development of new approaches to this phenomenon based on non-classical logics, in particular free logic in which, contrary to Frege's and Russell's classical logic, it is not assumed that every term refers. Yet despite the long history of research into definite descriptions, a paradigm of formal logic has so far rarely been applied to them: proof theory. The methods developed by Gentzen, in particular those relating to his sequent calculus, provide the means for the deepest study of proofs and their properties. Yet only a small effort has so far been put into the adequate treatment of definite descriptions in this framework. The same counts for other complex singular terms such as set abstracts and number operators. ExtenDD fills this important gap in research. Applying the methods of proof theory to definite descriptions is profitable to both sides. Competing theories of definite descriptions and complex terms in general, their advantages and shortcomings, are shown in a new light. The behaviour of complex terms needs subtle syntactical analysis and requires enriching the toolkit of proof theory. ExtenDD deals with both challenges: it develops formal theories of definite descriptions and modifies the machinery of proof theory to cover new areas of application. The realization of ExtenDD affects significantly the field of proof theory, automated deduction and philosophy of language.

The main objective of this work is to develop simple sensing solutions for benzodiazepines (BDZ, date rape drugs) detection. The outcomes of this project are expected to be visible to citizens as the fully functional sensing solutions. Proposed innovation is a resultant of three main streams: (i) 3D printing for the sensors development, (ii) comprehensive electroanalysis of BDZs at the electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI), and (iii) very meticulous electroanalytical screening focused on BDZ and co-existing interfering species (defined based on target real samples). BDZ are psychoactive species renowned for their ability to induce sedation, aid sleep and are prescribed to treat a range of clinical conditions (e.g. anxiety). Some BDZs and their structural analogues are classified as illicit drugs and are subjected to strict control. The combination of BDZ and alcohol was mostly related to drug-facilitated crimes such as sexual assaults. Due to related health and economic issues caused by BDZs it is necessary to strengthen their on-the-spot detection. This project will develop eLLI based analytical tools to evade BDZ related social crimes and health hazards. 3D printing will be used to create sensing platforms that can be utilized on the spot. Further, the solutions proposed in this proposal are expected to be fully applicable for the presumptive analysis of BDZ drugs by non-expects and possess commercial opportunities for widespread adoption. The adviser and the researcher bring complimentary experience in the domains of eLLI and electrochemical sensors. Moreover, the goal of this project is to enhance the innovative potential of researcher who wish to acquire new skills through advanced training, mobility, new environment, and who is seeking to continue his career in research. MSCA guidelines on supervision Will be followed to foster soft and hard skills of researcher, willing to contribute to solving the challenges defined by the MSCA Green Charter.