The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is defined as a worldwide network of smart interconnected underwater objects, poised to revolutionize a number of related technologies including ocean monitoring observatories, underwater exploration and resource exploitation, disaster prediction and prevention, aquaculture, and defense/security. The establishment of the IoUT requires sensing, localization, and data transmission functionalities, which are mostly achieved through the use of underwater wireless sensor networks, consisting of small, intelligent, and battery-powered sensors. A crucial point is to enable transmission of the collected data over relatively large distances with high speed, low power consumption and low environmental impact. Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) represents a promising technology with the potential of addressing these requirements. However, the current UOWC technology suffers from several drawbacks, mainly related to the beam misalignment and low localization accuracy underwater, making it unviable to reach the requirements of establishing the IoUT. BlueArray will explore breakthrough technologies for the next generation of UOWC systems with the ambition of making unprecedented underwater data connectivity, with requirements in terms of range, energy efficiency, node mobility, as well as low environmental impact. To face the numerous related challenges, BlueArray will undertake a radically new approach by enabling efficient and high-speed optical beam steering, featuring low loss, narrow beam, and large field-of-view. This is accomplished through advancing blue VCSELs, blue optical phased arrays (OPAs), large-scale array of digital-to-analog converters, and coherent receiver technologies with a complexity going well beyond the state-of-the-art. By developing such an integrated blue OPA-based UOWC technology, BlueArray will enable cost-effective, robust, and scalable UOWC systems allowing the deployment of large-scale IoUT.

Europe’s leading position in photonics and electronics can only be secured by adapting to the next generation of optoelectronic devices requirements: high performance, multi-functionality and cost efficiency in miniaturized footprint. These can only be achieved if novel schemes for on-chip integration emerge. Among the established platforms for optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), silicon nitride as a wide-band and low-loss material stands outs. However, Si3N4 itself has no active effect and the heterogeneous integration of active III-V and II-VI semiconductor chips is currently very complicated and costly. MatEl offers a unique solution to this challenge and promises to enable a novel on-chip integration scheme: Laser Digital Processing - Laser Transfer and Laser Soldering - will be employed for the accurate and fast alignment and bonding of any type of chip package (OEIC) on Si3N4. The hybrid platform will be enhanced bythe monolithic integration of advanced materials (graphene and high-quality PZT), which will enable multiple functionalities in miniaturized footprint. MatEl will thus demonstrate two next-gen optoelectronic devices at TRL5: 1) 2D light source for AR displays with integrated RGB lasers and OEIC-based demultiplexers. 2) Bio-photonic sensor for antibodies detection with on-chip VCSEL at 850 nm featuring graphene photodetectors. Overall, MatEl ’s hybrid platform will combine the wide bandwidth and high confinement provided by Si3N4 with the active functionality of III-V and II-VI lasers, supporting a broad spectrum of next-gen applications, extending far beyond these demo applications. Hence, MatEl will reinforce the existing collaborations within the consortium and introduce new eco-systems, estimated to strengthen the EU photonics and microelectronics industrial capability by generating multi M€ turnovers to the involved SMEs and more than 200 new employment positions by the end of its timeframe.

The UN's 2030 Agenda, adopted by world leaders in 2015, represents the new global sustainable development framework and sets 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Foremost is the Zero Hunger SDG, which seeks to end hunger and malnutrition, and ensure access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food. One of the most productive and efficient sources remains aquaculture, which is the process of rearing, breeding, and harvesting of aquatic species, in controlled aquatic environments, like the oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, streams and purpose built Recirculating Aquaculture systems (RAS). According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture is growing faster than any other major food production sector, with 50% of all sea food consumed is obtained by aquaculture. We are currently standing at a critical juncture to maintain healthy aquaculture conditions. To do so we need to continuously monitor the living environments of the fish and apply cutting edge bio-sensing to safeguard these fish farms and therefore our food security. The current consortium brings together the latest in biosensor technology, scaling up procedures, and aquaculture expertise, to safeguard our food security in the present and future years. By becoming an aquaculture pathogen testing hub and bringing to market a working diagnostic platform monitoring salmon pathogens, the consortium [Surfix (NL), Phix (NL), TunaTech (DE), CSEM (CH), and LRE Medical (DE)] aims to provide a long-term solution to ensure our collective food security. This project will build upon the BIOCDx project (ID: 732309) which successfully delivered a working prototype, however, due to lack of scalability, the overall costs of the biosensor remained very high (~€500/chip). Thus, the principal aim of PHOTO–SENS is to investigate scalable production of this technology (to reduce the costs 10 fold; €50/chip), and validation with an end–user in the aquaculture market.

PUNCH offers a solution for time-deterministic and time-sensitive networks by developing a new optical switching paradigm which (I) breaks the trade-off between flexibility (ultra-dynamic reconfigurability) and determinism (guaranteed latency and jitter) by offering an all-to-all reconfigurable interconnect; (II) reduces congestion by activating bandwidth steering so that additional capacity can be allocated between hot nodes in the network; (III) provides unparalleled dynamics and bandwidth efficiency by further enabling multiplexing in the time domain with fast reconfigurable capability. A 2×2×8Lambda wavelength selective switching element will be scaled to a fully non-blocking 8x8x8Lambda and 16x16x8Lambda reconfigurable optical switch fabric. The development of a micro-transfer-printing process for semiconductor optical amplifiers enables loss-less optical switching on a silicon photonics platform. Custom configuration electronic ICs to actuate, control, and power-monitor a scaled switch fabric will be densely integrated with the photonic ICs into a heterogeneous fanout wafer-level package, processed on a 200mm reconstructed wafer platform. In addition, the optical interfacing to the photonic ICs will be accomplished using an optical redistribution layer, providing an optical fanout on high-density organic substrates, and allowing for a scalable optical fiber packaging solution. The novel integration and packaging processes will be applied for manufacturing 1.6 Tbit/s optical transceivers providing the interface between optical switches and electronic resources (compute, memory, and storage). The optical switch and transceiver prototypes will be demonstrated in a 5G RAN Transport Network, for TSN Fronthaul applications and for memory disaggregation in data centers.

Imaging tools such as the Computed Tomography (CT) and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can offer diagnosis of the cancer and the cardiovascular disease (CVD), but not insight into the molecular mechanisms that promote their occurrence, progression and possible resistance to treatment. Information about these mechanisms is present however in the blood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted into the blood, and can inform us about the state of their cells of origin, and by extension, about the presence and progression of diseases. Unfortunately, their detection is still imperfect due to the ultra-small size (50-200 nm) of most of them. PHOREVER will develop a disruptive multi-sensing platform that will enable for the first time the reliable detection of EVs with size down to 80 nm, the detection of EVs with specific biomarkers (proteins) on their surface, and the calculation of the corresponding EV concentrations in the blood. Its operation will be based on 3 sensing modalities: Flow-cytometry (FCM) with 4 wavelengths (405, 488, 633 and 785 nm) as the main modality for EV detection and size classification, dual-channel swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with 2.5 µm resolution for imaging of the sensing area and noise reduction of the FCM measurements, and fluorescence sensing at 488 nm for biomarker detection after staining. The key components will be the 2 photonic integrated circuits in TriPleX and the 3 microfluidic chips, which will be integrated as a compact point-of-care device. The medical impact can be ground-breaking. The first use case will be related to pancreatic cancer with focus on progression monitoring, metastasis risk assessment, and treatment efficacy evaluation. The second use case will be related to stroke with focus on its fast and precise diagnosis for time-to-treatment reduction. In either case, data analysis empowered by artificial intelligence will correlate the measurement data to disease specific medical information.