In Europe, electricity represents only ¼ of CO2 emissions. Therefore, the European decarbonisation objectives cannot be met without addressing the other sources of emissions as well, mainly industry and transport. Presently, these two sectors are almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels, which, in addition, raises major challenges for European competitiveness and energy security, especially now, with the steep increase of oil and gas prices. The GEMINI+ project has already shown that High Temperature Reactor systems can provide a competitive and safe solution for the CO2 free cogeneration of the process heat and electricity needed by industry. Many industrial processes require not only heat (e.g. in the form of steam) but also large amounts of hydrogen or other energy products. Consequently, this new proposal intends to show that the GEMINI+ system can, beyond CO2 free process heat, provide a global solution for competitive and safe decarbonisation of industrial activities. It shall confirm that this new form of poly-generation of various energy products has no negative effect on the safety of the combined plant. To clear the way towards safety demonstration and subsequent deployment of this solution, the proposed project will: • Consolidate the GEMINI+ system safety demonstration and have its licensing readiness assessed by regulators and TSOs including when used in poly-generation mode, • Develop the capability of the GEMINI+ system to operate in a cost-effective way in poly-generation mode, • Plan for the development of a European consistent fuel cycle for this type of reactor with respect to fissile resources and to a safe and acceptable back-end, • Launch an ambitious communication plan towards political and industry stakeholders, as well as towards the public, aimed at removing obstacles to nuclear solutions for decarbonisation of industry.

The CORTEX project aims at developing an innovative core monitoring technique that allows detecting anomalies in nuclear reactors, such as excessive vibrations of core internals, flow blockage, coolant inlet perturbations, etc. The technique will be based on primarily using the inherent fluctuations in neutron flux recorded by in-core and ex-core instrumentation, from which the anomalies will be differentiated depending on their type, location and characteristics. The method is non-intrusive and does not require any external perturbation of the system. The project will result in a deepened understanding of the physical processes involved. This will allow utilities to detect operational problems at a very early stage and to take proper actions before such problems have any adverse effect on plant safety and reliability. With an ageing fleet of nuclear reactors utilizing more challenging fuel assembly designs, core loadings, and operating more often in load-follow, new operational problems have been observed during the last decade and will become more frequent in the future. By making the detection and characterization of anomalies possible, the availability of nuclear-generated electricity will be further improved. This will contribute to a lowering of the CO2 footprint to the environment and to a higher availability of cheap base-load electricity to the consumers. By implementing the technique in the existing fleet of reactors, the technique will have a major impact. Moreover, the technique, being generic in nature, can be applied to future reactor types and designs. In order to develop a method that can reach a high Technology Readiness Level, the consortium was strategically structured around the required core expertise from all the necessary actors of the nuclear industry, both within Europe and outside. The broad expertise of the consortium members ensures the successful development of new in-situ monitoring techniques.