Mapping linguistic forms, such as the word ‘cat,’ to their corresponding meanings, such as the concept of a ‘cat,’ is a fundamental property of language. In an ideal scenario, this mapping occurs on a one-to-one basis, where each form uniquely corresponds to a specific meaning, and vice versa. However, there are instances where this neat one-to-one relationship breaks down, and a single form takes on multiple meanings. This intriguing phenomenon is the primary focus of the FOME-project. The central objective of the FOME-project is to delve into how native speakers articulate their thoughts, desires, regrets, and other cognitive nuances through clausal complementation. Specifically, the project aims to explore the intricate ways in which individuals indicate the extent to which their statements contain familiar or new information, established facts, or conjectures. This exploration will be grounded in two key approaches: (a) insights derived from studying microvariation in Modern Greek dialects and macrovariation across diverse languages, and (b) utilization of an array of methodological tools encompassing fieldwork, experimental research involving questionnaires, statistical analyses, and self-paced reading tasks, examination of diachronic syntax, and engagement with theoretical linguistics. Through this comprehensive investigation, the FOME-project seeks to illuminate critical questions. These questions encompass the intercomparability of different languages, the boundaries of human perception and cognition that can be encoded within grammatical structures, and the intricate pathways through which these aspects gradually evolve into grammatical forms.

The state-of-the-art review in seismic retrofit of existing reinforced-concrete (RC) buildings indicates that a technology that is non-disruptive and easy to implement, achieves simultaneous control of drifts and accelerations, and overcomes major issues related to low concrete strength, poor reinforcement details, and vulnerable RC columns, has never been described in the literature or in seismic design codes (e.g. Eurocode 8). The ambitious main objective against the background of the state-of-the-art of the project is to develop such a retrofit technology. In particular, the project will develop a non-disruptive retrofit scheme using an external, modular, steel frame as a facade close and in parallel connected to frames of the existing RC building. The external steel frame will have chevron braces to support energy dissipation devices, and, connectors to achieve horizontal coupling with the existing RC building. Strategically, the energy dissipation devices will be visco-plastic dampers, i.e. novel devices that will offer visco-elastic damping output under low-to-moderate earthquake intensities and friction damping output with a predefined limit on their peak force under high seismic intensities. The project will develop sophisticated yet practical structural details and a simplified seismic design procedure for the external steel frame. All these will be achieved through a carefully planned integrated experimental and numerical research program involving constitutive modelling, nonlinear finite element analysis, and shaking table tests. The proposed retrofit scheme constitutes a solid contribution to earthquake engineering that is expected to raise major international scientific and industrial interest.