The European Union and its Member States (MSs) have a fundamental need to understand how biodiversity and ecosystem functioning must be maintained to ensure that they deliver ecosystem services, goods and benefits, which in turn must be sustainably used by society. Central to this, and as the raison d’ȇtre of this call, the MSs need to value these natural and social capital aspects of ecosystems. The overall aim of MARBEFES is to determine the links between the biodiversity and functioning of coastal and marine ecosystems and the resulting ecosystem services and societal goods and benefits. In this it will achieve ecological and socio-economic valuation through a validated set of innovative tools in a distributed toolbox (TRL 6) to enhance policy and governance to secure benefits for current and future generation. We will progress substantially beyond the current state-of-the-art understanding of the causes and consequences of the maintenance, loss and gain of biodiversity and ecological and economic value and the repercussions of this for the management and governance of European seas. Involving 23 highly experienced partners, the project outputs and outcomes are based on developing and validating a set of ecological, economic and socio-cultural valuation tools using existing and new information and data in 12 Broad Belt Transect case studies. These cover the breadth of European marine biodiversity, from the Arctic to semi-tropical areas, across dominant habitats and iconic species, and from shallow to deep areas and encompass a range of socio-economic contexts. As such, and through stakeholder co-creation for policy relevance, MARBEFES shows the tools to value different natural capital resources and inform planning from financial allocations to management and with monetary and non-monetary benefits. In this, the project advances our knowledge through linking marine biodiversity and its ecological structure and functioning to ecological and economic valuation.

The BioEcoOcean project proposes a foundational change in how we approach biological and ecosystem (BioEco) ocean observation to enhance scientific understanding, improve management, and ensure sustainable use and development of the ocean. Our multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary approach emphasises co-creation with diverse stakeholders to develop a Blueprint for Integrated Ocean Science (BIOS) to support and encourage operational workflows adhering to FAIR Data Principles. This innovative product promotes holistic thinking, facilitates communication, and strengthens the Ocean Observing Value Chain. The project also includes a strong research component, advancing data collection, monitoring, dataflows, and models for BioEco Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs). We will operate in living labs, co-creating with stakeholders, generating new primary data, and leveraging existing data and observing infrastructure globally. Key objectives include developing an inclusive co-created Blueprint, advancing EOV implementation, assessing current practices and technological options, delivering excellent research, co-creating operational workflows, and prioritising capacity building. The project will increase the technology readiness levels (TRL) of critical components of BioEco ocean observation systems and tools and in particular the TRL of the integrated ocean observing system. The project will prioritise capacity building and collaboration with global ocean observation initiatives, e.g. GOOS and MBON, as well as with the overall Biodiversity monitoring community, e.g. GEO BON, that seeks to develop a global framework for biodiversity monitoring, in the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to ensure wide discussion and adoption of its co-produced standards. Overall, this project will significantly impact and strengthen various sectors and stakeholders involved in ocean and biodiversity observation and management, from local to National to Global levels.

Changes and variability in ocean biogeochemistry are poorly observed despite its profound impacts on ocean ecosystems and associated services, and sensitivity to and for climate. The overall aim of BioGeoSea is to significantly close the research and knowledge gaps on biogeochemical Essential Ocean Variables (BGC EOVs), validate them in-situ and in models, and use them to feed ocean metrics in the form of indicators and data products that reflect their relevance to the society. This aim includes updating EOVs requirements and specifications to enhance their usefulness in providing ocean biogeochemistry indicators, which BioGeoSea will develop and deliver. These indicators will reflect different spatial and temporal scales, and be focused around: 1) ocean acidification; 2) ocean deoxygenation 3) the biological carbon pump; and 4) greenhouse gas fluxes. BioGeoSea will: 1) improve the requirement setting of BGC EOVs; 2) Improve the observational capability of BGC EOVs over a large range of temporal and spatial scales; 3) Provide better representation of biogeochemical processes in models and more accurate predictions; 4) Improve ocean BGC data products that are invaluable to understand complex ocean phenomena; 5) Deliver ocean BGC indicators and engage actively with stakeholders. Key results will be communicated to international networks and entities for endorsement, approval and efficient dissemination of the outcomes. This project will help to better observe and deliver biogeochemical ocean data and information, and ultimately advance our understanding about ocean health and its role in climate regulation. BioGeoSea will demonstrate the importance of long-term observations of the ocean, focusing on BGC EOVs. The quality of information from all BGC EOVs will be improved, and four innovative BGC indicators will be delivered, at a technological readiness level that responds to the needs of an economically viable and healthy society.