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China's air transport industry has long placed a premium on passengers over cargo, with airports paying far less attention to air cargo than to passenger air transport. However, due to the impact of the epidemic and the rapid economic and social development, the former has become more important than ever. The level of development of the air cargo industry is directly related to a country's influence in international trade and its right to speak in the international division of labour. In the process of promoting the overall high speed and quality development of China's air cargo industry, the regional air cargo development layout is also an important link. As an important air cargo hub in western China, the quality of air cargo services at Shuangliu International Airport is of great significance in promoting regional economic development and enhancing international competitiveness. This study aims to explore the air cargo service quality of Shuangliu International Airport, and construct a preliminary air cargo service quality evaluation index system by introducing the LSQ evaluation model and SERVQUAL evaluation scale to make an objective assessment of it. In order to reflect the scientificity and accuracy of this evaluation index system, an empirical test study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey. The results show that, firstly, the evaluation index system initially constructed in this paper is relatively comprehensive and can extract enough effective information; secondly, the overall quality of cargo service at Shuangliu Airport is not high, among which the evaluation score of "functional quality" in the quality of cargo service at Shuangliu Airport is the lowest; finally, on the basis of the evaluation results of cargo service quality at Shuangliu Airport Finally, based on the results of the evaluation of cargo service quality at Shuangliu Airport, the development experience of leading cargo hub airports at home and abroad, combined with Shuangliu Airport's own unique development characteristics, measures are proposed on the issue of "how to improve the quality of cargo service at Shuangliu Airport". These include strengthening the maintenance and renewal of air cargo facilities, enriching and improving the route network, and enhancing customer experience, in order to further improve the quality of air cargo services at Shuangliu International Airport.

The fieldwork for this report consisted of a household energy survey of households living in 180 villages in six states (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan and West Bengal). The report was initiated in response to concerns that energy strategies for rural India were not progressing toward modern energy use.It examines energy use, including renewable energy, to determine if households in rural areas have access to modern forms of energy use. In addition, analysis and recommendations are targeted toward poor households, who spend a significant proportion of their time and income on energy. Despite urbanization, 74 percent of India (some 120 million households) reside in rural areas, villagers still depend on traditional fuels to meet their energy needs. Fuelwood, crop residues, dung and other traditional fuels, as presently used, have inherent disadvantages: collection is arduous and time-consuming; combustion is difficult to control; and cooking captures a fraction of these fuels' available energy. Today, rural people who switch to kerosene and LPG for cooking spend about one hour per day collecting fuelwood and purchasing wood at local markets. The Government is committed to improving energy services in rural areas, however, the cross-sectoral nature of the problems complicates solutions.

This thesis was commissioned by Biota Tech, a Finnish engineering and consulting company specialized in environmental technology and energy efficiency, located in Turku. During fall 2010 it was decided to carry out a thesis concerning a bulk carrier M/S Belland Valletta and shipping emissions. The purpose was to find tools to decrease her energy consumption and find a more environmentally friendly way to operate. As it was difficult to improve the situation of this particular ship the thesis was expanded to general shipping emissions as well. It was noticed that the bulker contains old equipment due to its age and it may be possible to find major benefits in upgrading some pieces of equipment. However, the upgrading of old equipment was not a financially realistic option. Tämä opinnäytetyö tehtiin suomalaiselle energiatehokkuuteen ja ympäristötekniikkaan keskittyneeseen yritykseen Biota Techiin, joka sijaitsee Turussa. Tarkoituksena oli suorittaa kirjallisuustutkimuksella yleiskartoitus irtolastialuksen tuottamista päästöistä sekä mahdollisuuksista vähentää niitä. Käsiteltävä alus on M/S Belland –niminen 3000 DWT :n kauppalaiva, joka operoi lähinnä Itämeren alueella. Laiva on rakennettu Saksassa Sietaksen telakalla 1986, josta johtuen se sisältää 25 vuotta vanhaa tekniikkaa, jota päivittämällä päästöjä saataisiin vähennetyksi mutta suuret päivitystoimenpiteen eivät kuitenkaan ole taloudellisesti kannattavia eikä näin ollen varteenotettavia.

Объект проектирования – участок Волчанский. Цель работы – на основе изучения поисковых критериев и признаков Волчанского участка, по аналогии с Воронцовским месторождением, запроектировать рациональный комплекс поисковых работ на рудное золото в пределах участка. В дипломном проекте изучены поисковые критерии и признаки Волчанского участка, корреляционные связи геохимических элементов. design object - land Volchanskiy . The purpose of work - based on the study of search criteria and indicators Volchansk area , similar to the Voro , design the rational complex of prospecting for gold ore within the site . The thesis project studied the search criteria and features Volchansk site correlation of geochemical elements .

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments are frequently used to reconstruct past environmental conditions in freshwater and marine systems, with high values thought to be indicative of a high biological productivity. Recent studies suggest that the post-depositional formation of vivianite, an iron(II)-phosphate mineral, might significantly alter trends in P with sediment depth. To assess its importance, we investigate a sediment record from the Bornholm Basin that was retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347 in 2013, consisting of lake sediments overlain by brackish-marine deposits. Combining bulk sediment geochemistry with microanalysis using scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrate that vivianite-type minerals rich in manganese and magnesium are present in the lake deposits just below the transition to the brackish-marine sediments (at 11.5 to 12 m sediment depth). In this depth interval, phosphate that diffuses down from the organic-rich, brackish-marine sediments meets porewaters rich in dissolved iron in the lake sediments, resulting in the precipitation of iron(II) phosphate. Results from a reactive transport model suggest that the peak in iron(II) phosphate originally occurred at the lake-marine transition (9 to 10 m) and moved downwards due to changes in the depth of a sulfidization front. However, its current position relative to the lake-marine transition is stable as the vivianite-type minerals and active sulfidization fronts have been spatially separated over time. Experiments in which vivianite was subjected to sulfidic conditions demonstrate that incorporation of manganese or magnesium in vivianite does not affect its susceptibility to sulfide-induced dissolution. Our work highlights that post-depositional formation of iron(II) phosphates such as vivianite has the potential to strongly alter sedimentary P records particularly in systems that are subject to environmental perturbation, such as a change in primary productivity, which can be associated with a lake-marine transition.

Transportation of goods contributes to the economic development of societies but it generates negative impacts on its environment called negative externalities. In its White Paper on Transport, the European Commission encourages the flow transfer from road to more environmentally friendly modes like rail or inland waterways (IWW). This objective can be reached by the development of intermodal transport. A literature review on transport externalities and their valorization methods highlights the small number of studies related to the general modeling of transport externalities through dedicated mathematical formulas. However, the latter are important for identifying the key parameters that influence transport competitiveness in terms of externalities. This is demonstrated by analyzing two external cost functions for road and rail. The location of intermodal terminals stands out from the environmental perspective as one of the most important competitiveness factors of intermodal transport regarding road. An innovative mathematical model for the location of terminals and allocation of flows between road and intermodal rail and IWW transport is developed. The model is based on a bi-objective formulation which evaluates the trade-offs between transport operational costs and CO2 emissions. Economies of scale of intermodal transport are integrated. The model is applied to the Belgian network. Results indicate that terminal locations are relatively stable, whatever the optimized economic or environmental objective. The type of terminal located changes according to the followed strategy. Minimizing CO2 emissions leads to an increased use of intermodal transport. The impact of transport on air pollution is also evaluated. On the Belgian case, an economic optimization of transport operational costs is compared to an environmental optimization of transport air pollution external costs. The intervention of public authorities through a taxation policy for trucks is also studied. Results show that the introduction of road taxes leads to a more intensive use of intermodal transport than in the absence of taxes. The maximum intermodal market share is observed when air pollution external costs are minimized. Finally, a new model which considers other intermodal chains than the traditional “road-rail/IWW-road” modeling is applied on experimental data at the European level. The model allows to choose between any direct transport by one mode (road, rail or IWW), and any intermodal transport of up to three modes. Results indicate that several connections may benefit from the use of other combinations of modes than the “road-rail/IWW-road” combination.

Chaque dimanche, en famille ou entre amis, des centaines de cyclistes se rendent de Liège à Maastricht, et inversement. C’est une très belle balade de moins de trente kilomètres en bord de Meuse et le long du Canal Albert. Chaque dimanche, aussi, peu avant 20h00, un Boeing 777-FDZ de la compagnie Qatar Airways Cargo décolle de Maastricht pour se poser à Liège-Airport neuf minutes plus tard.

Precipitation has a larger variability than temperature in tropical monsoon regions, thus it is an important climate variable. However, reconstructions of long-term rainfall histories are scarce because of the lack of reliable proxies. Here we document that iron oxide minerals, specifically the ratio of hematite to goethite (Hm/Gt), is a reasonable precipitation proxy. Using diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry, we measured samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 1143 drilling site (9°21.72'N, 113°17.11'E, 2777 m water depth) for hematite and goethite, whose formation processes are favored by opposing climate conditions. In order to determine the content of hematite and goethite we produced a set of calibration samples by removing the iron oxides to generate the natural matrix to which hematite and goethite in known percentages were added. From these calibration samples we developed a transfer function for determining hematite and goethite concentration from a sample's spectral reflectance. Applying this method to ODP 1143 sediments (top 34 m of a 510 m core with sampling interval of 10 cm) we were able to reconstruct a continuous precipitation history for SE Asia of the past 600 kyr using the Hm/Gt ratio as a proxy of the precipitation variability of Asian monsoon. The reliability of this Hm/Gt proxy is corroborated by its consistency with the stalagmite delta18O data from South China. Comparing long-term Hm/Gt records with the surface temperature gradient of equatorial Pacific Ocean, we found that monsoon precipitation and El Niño are correlated for the last 600 kyr. The development of El Niño-like conditions decreased SE Asia precipitation, whereas precipitation increases in response to La Niña intensification