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43 Research products for Наукові записки НаУКМА. Соціологія

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Krupa, Victoria; Maltseva, Kateryna;

    Understanding social stress is a task of considerable complexity, as it combines collectively shared external factors with internal characteristics unique to individuals. Social stress is also intrinsically connected to social living and is a byproduct of our day-to-day interactions within a social group. In the modern world social stress become seven a weightier problem. Students are systematically exposed to stressors specific to academia, and it has an impact on their health and quality of life. The present publication is based on a quantitative empirical study of stress among the under graduates of different major sat the NaUKMA (N = 100). The data were collected by means of self-administered survey combining questions of open and closed format. Our data show that 94 % of students have experienced a stressful situation at least once. Among the most stressful spheres of life the students mention studying at university, romantic relationships, family relationships and work. However, we do not find evidence that the stress experienced by students is chronic in nature. However, respondents indicated that these stressors affect their physical and mental health, mood, self-esteem and their satisfaction with life in a negative way. Another important focus of our study was the NaUKMA students’ stress management strategies, namely forms of coping behavior the students in the sample reported to be in use to buffer stress in their daily lives. We find that students systematically engage in various forms of coping to fight off stress and find them effective. Our informants report asking for help and recruiting support from their friends, family members and significant others. Among other popular ways of coping were strategies emphasizing increased self-control, optimism and positive thinking, and trying to invest time into other activities. Соціальний стрес є складовою соціального життя і похідною від комплексних систематичних взаємин у групі. Стрес стає дедалі глобальнішою проблемою особливо серед студентів і негативно позначається саме на їхньому житті та здоров’ї. В основу цієї публікації покладено кількісне дослідження, проведене серед студентів (N = 100) усіх спеціальностей бакалаврату НаУКМА шляхом анкетування. Опитування комбінувало запитання відкритого і закритого форматів і збирало інформацію про найбільш стресові сфери життя (у формі самозвітів).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Yana Dubinina;

    Educational management is a complex, hierarchically organized structured subsystem of the general education system, able to provide its performance and development while maintaining the basic quality parameters using social technologies of developmental functioning on the basis of educational motivation and educational services consumer needs, social demand of the state and the nature of educational institutions.The tension between existing in Ukraine centralized sectoral educational management and the need to implement innovative social technologies determines the problem of this study.The article deals with the basic problems of interaction between subjects of education and labor markets in the region, characterizes the possibility of applying the concept of marketing in the education market in the process of training specialists with higher education.The paper discusses the possibilities of using social marketing technology in the market of educational services in the process of training specialists with higher education; it proved that higher educational institutions that introduce marketing into the practice of social management provide the prospect of their further modernization and increase their competitiveness – the ability to adapt to customer needs by constant strategy and mission development, considering the tendency of a particular segment of the educational market, based on effective use of available resources and long-term cooperation with partners. Creation of a single information marketing system will increase the efficiency of the social dialogue between universities and the labor market as well as will solve the problem of cooperation between subjects of regional markets of higher education and labor. У статті охарактеризовано можливості застосування соціальної технології маркетингу на ринку освітніх послуг у процесі підготовки фахівців з вищою освітою; доведено, що впровадження маркетингу в практику соціального управління вищими навчальними закладами надає перспективу подальшій їх модернізації та збільшує їхню конкурентоспроможність.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Olena Pugachova;

    У статті проаналізовано результати агентного моделювання впливу податкової і трансферної політики на соціальну структуру суспільства. За допомогою комп’ютерних експериментів перевірено різні податкові режими. Показано, що модель пошуку ренти змінює соціальну структуру та обмежує економічний потенціал суспільства через придушення економічно активної частини середнього класу. У статті також привернуто увагу до агентного моделювання як інструментарію дослідження динаміки поведінки складних систем.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Daria Popova; Anastasiya Ryabchuk;

    This paper investigates the specific aspects of women’s homelessness in the big cities of Ukraine. Men prevail among the street homeless people, and homeless people are often seen as male. As a result, different aspects of women’s homelessness and their causes are often overlooked both in scientific and in legal papers. This research not only discovers these specific aspects but also investigates how they are embedded in patriarchal system of social relations. The authors analyze gender-based violence, affiliation to family as the part of the women’s gender role, the labour market discrimination, the reproductive and service/serving work prevailing for women. Even though this research focuses mostly on the specific aspects of female homelessness, the common reasons and aspects of both male and female homelessness are studied too, since they are important part of women’s homelessness. This is the pilot research which aims to be the starting point of the further investigations of the women’s homelessness in Ukraine. The research includes generalizing the results of previous studies regarding the issue of women’s homelessness, identifying the features of women’s homelessness in Ukraine and classifying the factors of homelessness in Ukraine both characteristic of women as well as typical of men and women. The notion of the homelessness is conceptualized as the absence of an independent permanent residence, which includes not only life in the street but also life in shelters for homeless people, shelters for the victims of the family violence, and other places that are not the independent permanent residence. Such a definition of homelessness helps to uncover the aspects of the women’s homelessness as women tend to avoid the street homelessness. The notion of the private space of homelessness, where women prevail, is one of the findings of the research. У статті виокремлено основні чинники бездомності в Україні, як спільні для жінок і чоловіків (бідність, безробіття, низькооплачувана робота, брак доступного житла, досвід перебування в інтернатах та місцях позбавлення волі), так і специфічні саме для жінок (насильство в сім’ї та фемінізація бідності). Хоча в Україні вже проведено низку досліджень щодо насильства в сім’ї і фемінізації бідності, але жодне з них дотепер не розглядало ці соціальні явища як чинники жіночої бездомності. Також дослідження виявило, що жінки становлять меншість серед «видимих» бездомних. Натомість вони перебувають у центрах допомоги жертвам насильства або вдаються до трасової секс-роботи, шлях потрапляння до якої є схожим на шлях потрапляння до бездомності.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Polishchuk, Olga;

    The article describes the problems that students of sociology face in a process of learning mathematics in university. Mainly students feel a fear when dealing with mathematical courses or related to them, such as courses on data analysis, theory of chances, math statistics and others that are extremely important for future sociologists. The article shows that the problems go deep into previous experience from childhood and school education, when lack of teachers’ patience, lack of communication between teachers and pupils, overloaded educational programs, and other features of modern school learning become a basis for low self-evaluation and insecurity about mathematics. Much attention is given to their attitude to mathematics as a subject and the reasons why it appears. The author has come up with a classification of 3 types of attitude, such as positive, neutral, and negative, and based this classification, the significant association between the attitude and students’ rating is found.Additionally, other significant associations are shown. For example, an attitude to mathematics is a base on which students choose qualitative or quantitative methods of sociological research in their course papers or theses. The attitude has a strong association with their evaluation of their mathematical abilities.As a result, regression model for students’ rating prediction on the basis of the self-evaluation mentioned above is built, and the author states that feelings to mathematics make a great influence on the successful process of university education in the field of sociology despite the fact sociology is considered to belong to humanities.The study sample consists of 135 students of sociology of NaUKMA from bachelor’s program of all years. У статті розглянуто важливість математики в загальному розвитку індивіда в цілому і, зокрема, в підготовці фахівців-соціологів. Наголошено на перешкодах в ефективному опануванні математичних дисциплін студентами. Результати суцільного дослідження студентів бакалаврату соціології НаУКМА свідчать про те, що негативне ставлення до математики переважає над позитивним та нейтральним. Виявлено зв’язок із рейтингом відповідно до чинної системи оцінювання, а також із тим, які методи досліджень – кількісні чи якісні, засвоюються легше. Обґрунтовано залежність успішності студентів від самооцінки їхніх математичних здібностей і побудовано регресійну модель для передбачення рейтингу студентів.У дослідженні взяли участь 135 студентів бакалаврату соціології НаУКМА всіх років навчання.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NaUKMA Research Pape...arrow_drop_down
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    Tamara Martsenyuk;

    First of all, the article analyzes the representation of women in the Ukrainian parliament in the international perspective. International databases and reports are used to demonstrate the low level of women’s involvement into the “big politics”. Ukraine has failed to fulfil international obligations of UN Millennium Development Goals on achieving gender equality in the country by 2015.In addition, the author has reviewed the Ukrainian legislation on gender equality in general and in political sphere in particular. Formally, Ukraine has introduced a policy of equal rights and opportunities for women and men in society, which meets international standards. However, according to the results of the gender analysis of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VRU), the situation with women in the Parliament continues to remain unsatisfactory and far behind the ideas of gender equality.The author discusses the involvement of women in the VRU at the level of party lists, committees, the Apparatus, and permanent delegations. In particular, such problems have been identified: the low level of representation of women in the Verkhovna Rada (12 %), the gender imbalance in the composition of the main political parties of Ukraine, vertical and horizontal gender segregation at the level of the VRU, the under-representation of women among the leadership of permanent delegations, sexist comments among the deputies of the VRU, etc.Finally, the international experience of introducing a gender-sensitive parliament and its application in Ukraine has been studied. It includes such components as the gender legal expertise of legislation, the introduction of a Code of Ethics for deputies for the purposes of countering sexism, the introduction of a gender indicator of the activities of the VRU, etc.After conclusions, three major recommendations have been proposed. First, according to international and national experience, in order to achieve gender balance in the composition of the VRU, including its leadership positions, temporary (supporting) actions for women (for example, gender quotas) should be applied. Secondly, gender equality and non-discrimination, counteraction to sexist statements should be among the fundamental principles of the Code Ethics for deputies of the VRU. Thirdly, it is appropriate to introduce a mandatory and regular gender legal and anti-discrimination review of draft laws in the VRU. У статті проаналізовано представництво жінок у парламенті України в міжнародній перспективі. Окрім того, здійснено огляд українського законодавства щодо забезпечення гендерної рівності загалом і у сфері політики зокрема. З’ясовано залученість жінок до складу Верховної Ради України (ВРУ) на рівні партійних списків, комітетів, Апарату та постійних делегацій. Зауважено про проблему сексизму у середовищі депутатів ВРУ. Наостанок вивчено міжнародний досвід запровадження гендерно-сенситивного парламенту і його застосування в Україні.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Roman Lyubenko; Kateryna Maltseva;

    Recent decades have brought some changes as to the meaning of the term ‘generation’ and its respective usage in social sciences. It appears to no longer denote a branch on a genealogical tree, yet a relatively numerous, coherent social category, lumping together all individuals born during a particular time interval, marked by appreciable similarities in their life priorities and sharing distinct worldviews. As a term, in its modern use a ‘generation’ stands for something that represents a monolithic macro-social entity and an additional dimension of the social structure.The present article contributes to the literature on quantitative research on the dynamics of personal values profiles across generations. Based on the ESS database (wave 6, 2012), we compare values profiles of three generations of Ukrainians born in 1932–1962, 1963–1986, and 1987–1997 time intervals. In line with the previous research, our results point to the general tendency towards the increasing endorsement of individualistic values paired with the decreased salience of collectivist values in Ukrainian data.While specifically focusing on configurations of values hierarchies of different generations of Ukrainians, the present research also adds to the literatures on the sources of variation in values profiles and on values dynamics, which are both important junctures in values theory. We review the literature on both values and intergenerational links to contextualize our data within a broader research niche targeting values change and intergenerational transmission of values. We also review methodologies used to study values while making an emphasis on Schwartz Values Survey, to pinpoint the structural aspects as well as values dynamics per se. Статтю присвячено кількісному дослідженню динаміки персональних ціннісних орієнтацій у межах різних поколінь. На основі масиву ESS (шоста хвиля, 2012 р.) автори порівняли ціннісні профілі трьох поколінь українців, що народились у проміжках між 1932-м та 1962-м, 1963-м та 1986-м, 1987-м та 1997-м роками. Отримані результати узгоджуються з висновками попередніх досліджень і вказують на загальну тенденцію до індивідуалізації ціннісних профілів на тлі занепадання важливості колективістичних цінностей в Україні.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Snizhana Dariievska; Tamara Martsenyuk;

    The article elaborates theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomenon of disability, taking into account the concept of masculinity. Two strategies of interaction between masculinity and disability are distinguished: “the fight” against disability and the acceptance of disability. It is difficult for men with disabilities to implement such norms of masculinity in society as strength and the ideal body, because of physical and certain social barriers that impede access to education, work, and power. Employment of people with disabilities in Ukraine is problematic. In particular, employers are not ready to recruit people with disabilities to work because they are not perceived as potential employees. This happens due to the fact that in society there is a stereotypical view that a person with a disability cannot perform the job properly. It should also be noted that employment problems are preceded by problems with the access to education, and the lack of education in turn reduces the chances of employment. The study of the employment experience of male veterans of the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) with disabilities in Ukraine is based on the constructivist paradigm. Disability in this study is seen as socially constructed. The experience of employing people with disabilities has been explored to understand, first and foremost, disability in society. The empirical part of the study was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The attitudes of veterans to their own disability were clarified, and the barriers to employment and ways of finding employment among veterans with disabilities were identified and typified. Institutional barriers to employment include: health expert commission, public employment service and employers. Individual barriers to employment include: excessive family care, lack of motivation, and psychological rehabilitation. In addition, two ways in which veterans found employment were identified: personal contacts and civic organizations involved in veterans’ affairs. Disabled veterans have the motivation to do useful things for the community that has emerged just after returning from the ATO area. This motivation is to engage in various initiatives and projects that support veterans, promote community development, and carry the “public good”. Manuscript received 01.03.2020 У статті опрацьовано теоретичні підходи до вивчення явища інвалідності, беручи до уваги поняття маскулінності; виокремлено дві стратегії взаємодії між маскулінністю та інвалідністю: «боротьба» з інвалідністю та прийняття інвалідності. Емпіричну частину дослідження проведено за допомогою напівструктурованих глибинних інтерв’ю. З’ясовано ставлення ветеранів Антитерористичної операції (АТО) до власної інвалідності, виявлено і типізовано бар’єри працевлаштування та шляхи пошуку роботи серед ветеранів АТО з інвалідністю. Матеріал надійшов 01.03.2020

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    Roman Basii;

    Незважаючи на існування ефективних методів лікування посттравматичного стресового розладу (ПТСР), багато ветеранів АТО та ООС не звертаються по допомогу через стигму ПТСР, наявну в українському суспільстві. Метод критичного дискурс-аналізу було застосовано для з’ясування того, які дискурси про ПТСР наявні в українських медіа. Було виявлено, що дискурси, поширені серед різних учасників надання допомоги ветеранам, по-різному визначають те, чим прийнято вважати ПТСР у ветеранів АТО та ООС в Україні.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Kateryna Maltseva;

    У цій публікації я звертаюся переважно до двох концептів – цінностей та норм – і зосереджуюся на поясненні їхньої значущості для еволюції соціального мислення та культури людини, як ми її знаємо. Культура розуміється тут як продовження людської здатності організовувати, зберігати, шукати та передавати інформацію, значущу для соціальної групи, що долає обмеження індивідуальної пам’яті та особистої потреби у знанні. Будучи продуктом колективного способу життя, а також еволюції мозку та мовлення (зокрема здатності до символічних операцій) та завдячуючи інтенсивній розумовій діяльності людини, вона породжує людську здатність до узгодженого самообмеження з боку індивідів – членів групи і слугує координуванню соціальної взаємодії та виживанню групи. Це лише скромна спроба долучитись до більш широкого дослідницького завдання, що включає зрозуміти їхню природу та динаміку, поведінку та ментальні стани, що вони генерують в індивідуальних агентах та в групах людей, інтерсуб’єктивність, що потрібна їм для функціонування, і як вони змінюються і іноді зникають/виходять із вжитку. У своєму нинішньому розгляді я спираюся на доказову базу різних інтелектуальних традицій та знахідки, здобуті їх відповідними методами, – включаючи соціальну психологію, соціобіологію, еволюційну антропологію, експериментальну економіку, еволюційну психологію тощо. Я наголошую на важливості формулювання єдиного пояснення появи цінностей та соціальних норм, їх впливу в певних сферах та сприянню актуалізації відповідних соціокультурних уявлень. Далі я розглядаю існування та еволюцію соціальної нормативності як такої та роль цього явища в добробуті соціальної групи. У підсумках я наголошую на важливості інтердисциплінарного підходу до вивчення цінностей та норм. In this article I focus mainly on two concepts – values and norms – specifically examining their roles in social cognition. It is a humble effort contributing to a much larger task of understanding their nature and dynamics, the behavior and mental states they generate in groups and individual agents, the intersubjectivity they depend on for effective functioning, and the way they change or sometimes disappear. In the discussion I draw on evidence from several intellectual traditions and their respective methods, including social psychology, sociobiology, evolutionary anthropology, experimental economics, evolutionary psychology, to name just a few. I emphasize the importance of providing an integrated account of what values do and how social norms emerge, why and when we follow them, and the conditions under which we are most likely to focus on relevant cultural normative and axiological ideations. I further examine the existence and evolution of social normativity and its role in the collective welfare.

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43 Research products for Наукові записки НаУКМА. Соціологія
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    Krupa, Victoria; Maltseva, Kateryna;

    Understanding social stress is a task of considerable complexity, as it combines collectively shared external factors with internal characteristics unique to individuals. Social stress is also intrinsically connected to social living and is a byproduct of our day-to-day interactions within a social group. In the modern world social stress become seven a weightier problem. Students are systematically exposed to stressors specific to academia, and it has an impact on their health and quality of life. The present publication is based on a quantitative empirical study of stress among the under graduates of different major sat the NaUKMA (N = 100). The data were collected by means of self-administered survey combining questions of open and closed format. Our data show that 94 % of students have experienced a stressful situation at least once. Among the most stressful spheres of life the students mention studying at university, romantic relationships, family relationships and work. However, we do not find evidence that the stress experienced by students is chronic in nature. However, respondents indicated that these stressors affect their physical and mental health, mood, self-esteem and their satisfaction with life in a negative way. Another important focus of our study was the NaUKMA students’ stress management strategies, namely forms of coping behavior the students in the sample reported to be in use to buffer stress in their daily lives. We find that students systematically engage in various forms of coping to fight off stress and find them effective. Our informants report asking for help and recruiting support from their friends, family members and significant others. Among other popular ways of coping were strategies emphasizing increased self-control, optimism and positive thinking, and trying to invest time into other activities. Соціальний стрес є складовою соціального життя і похідною від комплексних систематичних взаємин у групі. Стрес стає дедалі глобальнішою проблемою особливо серед студентів і негативно позначається саме на їхньому житті та здоров’ї. В основу цієї публікації покладено кількісне дослідження, проведене серед студентів (N = 100) усіх спеціальностей бакалаврату НаУКМА шляхом анкетування. Опитування комбінувало запитання відкритого і закритого форматів і збирало інформацію про найбільш стресові сфери життя (у формі самозвітів).

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    Yana Dubinina;

    Educational management is a complex, hierarchically organized structured subsystem of the general education system, able to provide its performance and development while maintaining the basic quality parameters using social technologies of developmental functioning on the basis of educational motivation and educational services consumer needs, social demand of the state and the nature of educational institutions.The tension between existing in Ukraine centralized sectoral educational management and the need to implement innovative social technologies determines the problem of this study.The article deals with the basic problems of interaction between subjects of education and labor markets in the region, characterizes the possibility of applying the concept of marketing in the education market in the process of training specialists with higher education.The paper discusses the possibilities of using social marketing technology in the market of educational services in the process of training specialists with higher education; it proved that higher educational institutions that introduce marketing into the practice of social management provide the prospect of their further modernization and increase their competitiveness – the ability to adapt to customer needs by constant strategy and mission development, considering the tendency of a particular segment of the educational market, based on effective use of available resources and long-term cooperation with partners. Creation of a single information marketing system will increase the efficiency of the social dialogue between universities and the labor market as well as will solve the problem of cooperation between subjects of regional markets of higher education and labor. У статті охарактеризовано можливості застосування соціальної технології маркетингу на ринку освітніх послуг у процесі підготовки фахівців з вищою освітою; доведено, що впровадження маркетингу в практику соціального управління вищими навчальними закладами надає перспективу подальшій їх модернізації та збільшує їхню конкурентоспроможність.

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    Olena Pugachova;

    У статті проаналізовано результати агентного моделювання впливу податкової і трансферної політики на соціальну структуру суспільства. За допомогою комп’ютерних експериментів перевірено різні податкові режими. Показано, що модель пошуку ренти змінює соціальну структуру та обмежує економічний потенціал суспільства через придушення економічно активної частини середнього класу. У статті також привернуто увагу до агентного моделювання як інструментарію дослідження динаміки поведінки складних систем.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Наукові Записки Наук...arrow_drop_down
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    Daria Popova; Anastasiya Ryabchuk;

    This paper investigates the specific aspects of women’s homelessness in the big cities of Ukraine. Men prevail among the street homeless people, and homeless people are often seen as male. As a result, different aspects of women’s homelessness and their causes are often overlooked both in scientific and in legal papers. This research not only discovers these specific aspects but also investigates how they are embedded in patriarchal system of social relations. The authors analyze gender-based violence, affiliation to family as the part of the women’s gender role, the labour market discrimination, the reproductive and service/serving work prevailing for women. Even though this research focuses mostly on the specific aspects of female homelessness, the common reasons and aspects of both male and female homelessness are studied too, since they are important part of women’s homelessness. This is the pilot research which aims to be the starting point of the further investigations of the women’s homelessness in Ukraine. The research includes generalizing the results of previous studies regarding the issue of women’s homelessness, identifying the features of women’s homelessness in Ukraine and classifying the factors of homelessness in Ukraine both characteristic of women as well as typical of men and women. The notion of the homelessness is conceptualized as the absence of an independent permanent residence, which includes not only life in the street but also life in shelters for homeless people, shelters for the victims of the family violence, and other places that are not the independent permanent residence. Such a definition of homelessness helps to uncover the aspects of the women’s homelessness as women tend to avoid the street homelessness. The notion of the private space of homelessness, where women prevail, is one of the findings of the research. У статті виокремлено основні чинники бездомності в Україні, як спільні для жінок і чоловіків (бідність, безробіття, низькооплачувана робота, брак доступного житла, досвід перебування в інтернатах та місцях позбавлення волі), так і специфічні саме для жінок (насильство в сім’ї та фемінізація бідності). Хоча в Україні вже проведено низку досліджень щодо насильства в сім’ї і фемінізації бідності, але жодне з них дотепер не розглядало ці соціальні явища як чинники жіночої бездомності. Також дослідження виявило, що жінки становлять меншість серед «видимих» бездомних. Натомість вони перебувають у центрах допомоги жертвам насильства або вдаються до трасової секс-роботи, шлях потрапляння до якої є схожим на шлях потрапляння до бездомності.

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    Polishchuk, Olga;

    The article describes the problems that students of sociology face in a process of learning mathematics in university. Mainly students feel a fear when dealing with mathematical courses or related to them, such as courses on data analysis, theory of chances, math statistics and others that are extremely important for future sociologists. The article shows that the problems go deep into previous experience from childhood and school education, when lack of teachers’ patience, lack of communication between teachers and pupils, overloaded educational programs, and other features of modern school learning become a basis for low self-evaluation and insecurity about mathematics. Much attention is given to their attitude to mathematics as a subject and the reasons why it appears. The author has come up with a classification of 3 types of attitude, such as positive, neutral, and negative, and based this classification, the significant association between the attitude and students’ rating is found.Additionally, other significant associations are shown. For example, an attitude to mathematics is a base on which students choose qualitative or quantitative methods of sociological research in their course papers or theses. The attitude has a strong association with their evaluation of their mathematical abilities.As a result, regression model for students’ rating prediction on the basis of the self-evaluation mentioned above is built, and the author states that feelings to mathematics make a great influence on the successful process of university education in the field of sociology despite the fact sociology is considered to belong to humanities.The study sample consists of 135 students of sociology of NaUKMA from bachelor’s program of all years. У статті розглянуто важливість математики в загальному розвитку індивіда в цілому і, зокрема, в підготовці фахівців-соціологів. Наголошено на перешкодах в ефективному опануванні математичних дисциплін студентами. Результати суцільного дослідження студентів бакалаврату соціології НаУКМА свідчать про те, що негативне ставлення до математики переважає над позитивним та нейтральним. Виявлено зв’язок із рейтингом відповідно до чинної системи оцінювання, а також із тим, які методи досліджень – кількісні чи якісні, засвоюються легше. Обґрунтовано залежність успішності студентів від самооцінки їхніх математичних здібностей і побудовано регресійну модель для передбачення рейтингу студентів.У дослідженні взяли участь 135 студентів бакалаврату соціології НаУКМА всіх років навчання.

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    Tamara Martsenyuk;

    First of all, the article analyzes the representation of women in the Ukrainian parliament in the international perspective. International databases and reports are used to demonstrate the low level of women’s involvement into the “big politics”. Ukraine has failed to fulfil international obligations of UN Millennium Development Goals on achieving gender equality in the country by 2015.In addition, the author has reviewed the Ukrainian legislation on gender equality in general and in political sphere in particular. Formally, Ukraine has introduced a policy of equal rights and opportunities for women and men in society, which meets international standards. However, according to the results of the gender analysis of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VRU), the situation with women in the Parliament continues to remain unsatisfactory and far behind the ideas of gender equality.The author discusses the involvement of women in the VRU at the level of party lists, committees, the Apparatus, and permanent delegations. In particular, such problems have been identified: the low level of representation of women in the Verkhovna Rada (12 %), the gender imbalance in the composition of the main political parties of Ukraine, vertical and horizontal gender segregation at the level of the VRU, the under-representation of women among the leadership of permanent delegations, sexist comments among the deputies of the VRU, etc.Finally, the international experience of introducing a gender-sensitive parliament and its application in Ukraine has been studied. It includes such components as the gender legal expertise of legislation, the introduction of a Code of Ethics for deputies for the purposes of countering sexism, the introduction of a gender indicator of the activities of the VRU, etc.After conclusions, three major recommendations have been proposed. First, according to international and national experience, in order to achieve gender balance in the composition of the VRU, including its leadership positions, temporary (supporting) actions for women (for example, gender quotas) should be applied. Secondly, gender equality and non-discrimination, counteraction to sexist statements should be among the fundamental principles of the Code Ethics for deputies of the VRU. Thirdly, it is appropriate to introduce a mandatory and regular gender legal and anti-discrimination review of draft laws in the VRU. У статті проаналізовано представництво жінок у парламенті України в міжнародній перспективі. Окрім того, здійснено огляд українського законодавства щодо забезпечення гендерної рівності загалом і у сфері політики зокрема. З’ясовано залученість жінок до складу Верховної Ради України (ВРУ) на рівні партійних списків, комітетів, Апарату та постійних делегацій. Зауважено про проблему сексизму у середовищі депутатів ВРУ. Наостанок вивчено міжнародний досвід запровадження гендерно-сенситивного парламенту і його застосування в Україні.

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    Roman Lyubenko; Kateryna Maltseva;

    Recent decades have brought some changes as to the meaning of the term ‘generation’ and its respective usage in social sciences. It appears to no longer denote a branch on a genealogical tree, yet a relatively numerous, coherent social category, lumping together all individuals born during a particular time interval, marked by appreciable similarities in their life priorities and sharing distinct worldviews. As a term, in its modern use a ‘generation’ stands for something that represents a monolithic macro-social entity and an additional dimension of the social structure.The present article contributes to the literature on quantitative research on the dynamics of personal values profiles across generations. Based on the ESS database (wave 6, 2012), we compare values profiles of three generations of Ukrainians born in 1932–1962, 1963–1986, and 1987–1997 time intervals. In line with the previous research, our results point to the general tendency towards the increasing endorsement of individualistic values paired with the decreased salience of collectivist values in Ukrainian data.While specifically focusing on configurations of values hierarchies of different generations of Ukrainians, the present research also adds to the literatures on the sources of variation in values profiles and on values dynamics, which are both important junctures in values theory. We review the literature on both values and intergenerational links to contextualize our data within a broader research niche targeting values change and intergenerational transmission of values. We also review methodologies used to study values while making an emphasis on Schwartz Values Survey, to pinpoint the structural aspects as well as values dynamics per se. Статтю присвячено кількісному дослідженню динаміки персональних ціннісних орієнтацій у межах різних поколінь. На основі масиву ESS (шоста хвиля, 2012 р.) автори порівняли ціннісні профілі трьох поколінь українців, що народились у проміжках між 1932-м та 1962-м, 1963-м та 1986-м, 1987-м та 1997-м роками. Отримані результати узгоджуються з висновками попередніх досліджень і вказують на загальну тенденцію до індивідуалізації ціннісних профілів на тлі занепадання важливості колективістичних цінностей в Україні.

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    Snizhana Dariievska; Tamara Martsenyuk;

    The article elaborates theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomenon of disability, taking into account the concept of masculinity. Two strategies of interaction between masculinity and disability are distinguished: “the fight” against disability and the acceptance of disability. It is difficult for men with disabilities to implement such norms of masculinity in society as strength and the ideal body, because of physical and certain social barriers that impede access to education, work, and power. Employment of people with disabilities in Ukraine is problematic. In particular, employers are not ready to recruit people with disabilities to work because they are not perceived as potential employees. This happens due to the fact that in society there is a stereotypical view that a person with a disability cannot perform the job properly. It should also be noted that employment problems are preceded by problems with the access to education, and the lack of education in turn reduces the chances of employment. The study of the employment experience of male veterans of the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) with disabilities in Ukraine is based on the constructivist paradigm. Disability in this study is seen as socially constructed. The experience of employing people with disabilities has been explored to understand, first and foremost, disability in society. The empirical part of the study was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The attitudes of veterans to their own disability were clarified, and the barriers to employment and ways of finding employment among veterans with disabilities were identified and typified. Institutional barriers to employment include: health expert commission, public employment service and employers. Individual barriers to employment include: excessive family care, lack of motivation, and psychological rehabilitation. In addition, two ways in which veterans found employment were identified: personal contacts and civic organizations involved in veterans’ affairs. Disabled veterans have the motivation to do useful things for the community that has emerged just after returning from the ATO area. This motivation is to engage in various initiatives and projects that support veterans, promote community development, and carry the “public good”. Manuscript received 01.03.2020 У статті опрацьовано теоретичні підходи до вивчення явища інвалідності, беручи до уваги поняття маскулінності; виокремлено дві стратегії взаємодії між маскулінністю та інвалідністю: «боротьба» з інвалідністю та прийняття інвалідності. Емпіричну частину дослідження проведено за допомогою напівструктурованих глибинних інтерв’ю. З’ясовано ставлення ветеранів Антитерористичної операції (АТО) до власної інвалідності, виявлено і типізовано бар’єри працевлаштування та шляхи пошуку роботи серед ветеранів АТО з інвалідністю. Матеріал надійшов 01.03.2020

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    Roman Basii;

    Незважаючи на існування ефективних методів лікування посттравматичного стресового розладу (ПТСР), багато ветеранів АТО та ООС не звертаються по допомогу через стигму ПТСР, наявну в українському суспільстві. Метод критичного дискурс-аналізу було застосовано для з’ясування того, які дискурси про ПТСР наявні в українських медіа. Було виявлено, що дискурси, поширені серед різних учасників надання допомоги ветеранам, по-різному визначають те, чим прийнято вважати ПТСР у ветеранів АТО та ООС в Україні.

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    Kateryna Maltseva;

    У цій публікації я звертаюся переважно до двох концептів – цінностей та норм – і зосереджуюся на поясненні їхньої значущості для еволюції соціального мислення та культури людини, як ми її знаємо. Культура розуміється тут як продовження людської здатності організовувати, зберігати, шукати та передавати інформацію, значущу для соціальної групи, що долає обмеження індивідуальної пам’яті та особистої потреби у знанні. Будучи продуктом колективного способу життя, а також еволюції мозку та мовлення (зокрема здатності до символічних операцій) та завдячуючи інтенсивній розумовій діяльності людини, вона породжує людську здатність до узгодженого самообмеження з боку індивідів – членів групи і слугує координуванню соціальної взаємодії та виживанню групи. Це лише скромна спроба долучитись до більш широкого дослідницького завдання, що включає зрозуміти їхню природу та динаміку, поведінку та ментальні стани, що вони генерують в індивідуальних агентах та в групах людей, інтерсуб’єктивність, що потрібна їм для функціонування, і як вони змінюються і іноді зникають/виходять із вжитку. У своєму нинішньому розгляді я спираюся на доказову базу різних інтелектуальних традицій та знахідки, здобуті їх відповідними методами, – включаючи соціальну психологію, соціобіологію, еволюційну антропологію, експериментальну економіку, еволюційну психологію тощо. Я наголошую на важливості формулювання єдиного пояснення появи цінностей та соціальних норм, їх впливу в певних сферах та сприянню актуалізації відповідних соціокультурних уявлень. Далі я розглядаю існування та еволюцію соціальної нормативності як такої та роль цього явища в добробуті соціальної групи. У підсумках я наголошую на важливості інтердисциплінарного підходу до вивчення цінностей та норм. In this article I focus mainly on two concepts – values and norms – specifically examining their roles in social cognition. It is a humble effort contributing to a much larger task of understanding their nature and dynamics, the behavior and mental states they generate in groups and individual agents, the intersubjectivity they depend on for effective functioning, and the way they change or sometimes disappear. In the discussion I draw on evidence from several intellectual traditions and their respective methods, including social psychology, sociobiology, evolutionary anthropology, experimental economics, evolutionary psychology, to name just a few. I emphasize the importance of providing an integrated account of what values do and how social norms emerge, why and when we follow them, and the conditions under which we are most likely to focus on relevant cultural normative and axiological ideations. I further examine the existence and evolution of social normativity and its role in the collective welfare.

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