Abstract Coccolithophores (calcifying phytoplankton) form extensive blooms in temperate and subpolar oceans as evidenced from ocean‐color satellites. This study examines the potential to detect coccolithophore blooms with BioGeoChemical‐Argo (BGC‐Argo) floats, autonomous ocean profilers equipped with bio‐optical and physicochemical sensors. We first matched float data to ocean‐color satellite data of calcite concentration to select floats that sampled coccolithophore blooms. We identified two floats in the Southern Ocean, which measured the particulate beam attenuation coefficient (c p) in addition to two core BGC‐Argo variables, Chlorophyll‐a concentration ([Chl‐a]) and the particle backscattering coefficient (b bp). We show that coccolithophore blooms can be identified from floats by distinctively high values of (1) the b bp/c p ratio, a proxy for the refractive index of suspended particles, and (2) the b bp/[Chl‐a] ratio, measurable by any BGC‐Argo float. The latter thus paves the way to global investigations of environmental control of coccolithophore blooms and their role in carbon export. Key Points We matched profiling float trajectories with ocean‐color satellite observations of coccolithophore bloomsTwo simple bio‐optical indices permitted successful identification of coccolithophore blooms from floats in the Southern OceanA method for identifying coccolithophore blooms at the global scale is proposed using regional thresholds of bio‐optical float measurements