The transient or intermittent nature of Vygotskian regressions in the field of Second Language Development (SLD) has been relatively overlooked. To address this gap, the study employs a narrative literature review approach to enrich the theoretical and practical foundations of this concept. It proposes that they should be read in the context of the so-called living process development. By embracing this construct, the study introduces alternative theoretical insights, framing regressions as living-dramatic-dialectical occurrences, arising from the collision and interweaving of a wide range of opposing forces seen as events in variable proportions and intensities during moments of crisis.

The phenomenon of humour in every sphere of one's life has a vital role. This project involves the element of humour in EFL classes. The purpose to conduct this research is to investigate how much is the application of humor important, its role, and effectiveness in EFL classes. Mix method/ Qualitative and quantitative types of research have been used for the study. To collect the data, survey forms and questionnaires were used. For data analysis of the collected data, the application namely SPSS was used by the researchers. So the result shows that it is a good technique to apply the mechanism of humour in teaching, especially in foreign language classes.

The study looked at how social media impact mainstream journalism in Ghana. It also determined the benefits and drawbacks of social media for mainstream journalism. 200 journalists were chosen at random from the Sunyani Municipality in the Bono region of Ghana using a purposive sampling technique for a phone and in-person interview to gather data. It was discovered, among other things, that all the respondents (i.e., 100%) believed that social media have positive impact on mainstream journalism, while most of the respondents (i.e., 80%) believed that social media have negative impact on mainstream journalism. As a result, it was suggested, among other things, that journalists use social media carefully to preserve the public’s trust in the media.

This study uses monthly data sources from the State Bank of Pakistan to examine the impact of inflation, exports, foreign direct investment, foreign reserves, and imports on Pakistan's currency exchange rates from July 2018 to January 2023. The empirical results demonstrate that inflation and imports have a positive and significant effect on the exchange rate in the short term by using the ARDL bound test. Exchange rates are negatively impacted by exports, foreign direct investment, and foreign reserves. Inflation, imports, and foreign reserves have a positive and considerable influence on currency exchange rates over the long term.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by an English teacher and the strategies to solve the challenges in teaching English in a rural area, namely Sebangki. This narrative study used interview with an English teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Sebangki. The results of this study indicated that there are two main themes of challenges faced by teacher including the challenges from the teacher consists of distance to school, teaching other subjects, lack of teacher training, and students problems consists of lack of interest, lack of confidence, lack of vocabulary mastery and students’ attendance. To overcome those challenges, the English teacher employed some strategies including using media and strategy in teaching, giving motivation and even giving punishment to the students.

This research aims to determine tourist satisfaction when visiting Aan Tourism Village and to find out what factors influence tourist satisfaction. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument which was administered to 20 tourists who visited Aan village in November 2023. The results of the research showed that tourist satisfaction was dominated by the accessibility factor to the Aan tourist village destination which was easy to reach, then followed by the availability of internet access, and tourist engagement with local culture and people. Apart from that, tourist satisfaction is also determined by good service from the manager, the cleanliness and beauty of the tourist village, as well as the friendliness of the local population.

The ancestors of the Santals are the largest ethnic community in India. Santali is their mother tongue, is origin from an Austro-Asiatic language family. Santali is the rich heritage of folk rhymes. In Santali folk literature, however, rhyme holds a place of equal importance to these other forms. The aims of the study mainly focused on Santali rhymes that were intimately related to the social and cultural life of the Santal community. In this view, to obtain a profile of the culture-related folklore, the study was done on the qualitative linguistic approach. The result showed that the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism, the argument of Santali folk rhyme is created in the Santali language based on orality laid the conservation of the Santal-socio-cultural system. Santali folk rhymes are set in the context of Santal tradition, culture, behavior, social status, and identity construction within the community.

The main duty of an educator is to facilitate the process of education. However, it is vital to acknowledge that teachers are involved in several activities and assume various tasks. In addition to disseminating essential information to their students, educators are also tasked with the duty of effectively managing a varied range of student characteristics and behaviors. Therefore, it is a matter of worry when educators exhibit a deficiency in the requisite abilities to adequately facilitate student learning and possess inadequate understanding in the domain of psychological pedagogy. Acquiring information and understanding of the fundamental variables that contribute to the variability in students' behavior is an essential strategy for educators to effectively provide assistance and instruction to their students. This article next highlights significant factors that contribute to the fundamental causes of pupils' behavioral patterns. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for educators to have a thorough comprehension of the fundamental factors contributing to students' conduct, with the aim of augmenting their efficacy in the field of instruction.

This research aims to find out how to arrange tour packages that are competitive and can generate profits but can also satisfy consumer satisfaction, in this case, tourists. A series of activity stages are carried out before the tour package is carried out, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning stage includes exploring tourist destinations, creating an itinerary, and preparing human resources, logistics, and supporting supplies. The tour implementation stage includes creating a tour package and financing. The evaluation stage is the stage of reviewing the tour package by paying attention to the concepts of target market, market segmentation, and positioning. This research is qualitative research. Data from this research were obtained from observations, literature studies, and interviews with tour package organizers. The data obtained was then collected, reduced, and then analyzed.