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This paper investigates the linguistic account of sectarianism in terms of definition, forms, defining criteria, types of sectarianism and all the strategies which may represent sectarianism within a certain society. To define the sectarian discourse, defining criteria as well as parameters to specify the discourse genre which is related to sectarianism are to be explored and discussed. This can set the blueprints of analysis of the sectarian discourse.

This study deals with gender toxicity in language communication. The aim of this study is to describe toxic language that is accepted by male and female in circle communication. Descriptive qualitative is used as research method of this study. This study described the result of society language communication recorder. The result, there are two kinds of toxic language, toxic muscularity and toxic femininity language that was accepted by male and female in language communication.

The reason of this consider was to decide the sorts of social media utilized by fourth-semester students of the Department of English Literature, Universitas Negeri Medan, for learning English. The analyst utilized clear subjective inquire about, and the information were collected using a questionnaire. The participants were 50 students of the Department of English Letters, Muria Kudus University. The results showed that the social media used by students to learn English were YouTube (94%), Instagram (72%), WhatsApp (62%), Twitter (32), Facebook (30%), Line (10%), Google (2%), TikTok (2%).

The Purpose of this academic article is to analyze the current languages of Afghanistan; in addition, the position is studied. Afghanistan has a diverse cultural heritage, which is protected by these languages; the importance of keeping it alive is very high. This research is descriptive and analytical the type of research is librarian and methodical, which is a description of the current popular languages. In this country current languages and dialects thirty summers, each language is based on the number of speakers has its own status and position, which are called official, residual, local and national languages. These languages belong to the most popular groups in the world the famous are Aryan, Indo-Aryan and Turkish. In addition, the languages of the pro- semiotic and seraiki groups are currently in question.

This paper looked into the persuasive strategies of President Benigno Simeon “Noynoy” Aquino III’s public speaking and the hidden ideology that was present in his inaugural speech. Norman Fairclough’s (1995) assumptions in critical discourse analysis that ideologies can be found in texts, that such ideologies can be impossibly separated from texts and that “texts are open to diverse interpretations” was the basis of the study. President Aquino’s persuasive strategies were shown through the evaluation of the ideological and persuasive components of his inaugural speech.

Literal language talks in a higher level than common language, everyone doesn’t have the ability to speak on literal language. There is a question that how to speak on uncommonly speaking, this uncommon speaking is the highest quality of art. These quality percepts the aesthetic of literature by the reader and Gitanjali is its best example. This master piece is an advice and enjoy. Here are devoted songs which show close relationship between lover and beloved, pain of separation with enjoyment, emotion and clear senses are interpreted with imaginative language, not only individuals but also the whole human being can see their pure love. This master piece of work has attractiveness and artistic. We will discuss both of them here.

This study examines diathesis in the South Tapanuli Mandailing language using a morphosyntactic approach. The purpose of this research is to describe the form of diathesis and the classification and structure of diathesis in Mandailing language. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative research type. The data of this research is the South Tapanuli Mandailing language unit which contains diathesis. The results of the analysis show that there are four types of diathesis in the South Tapanuli Mandailing language, namely active, passive, reflexive, and reciprocal.

This study deals with family addressing male and female in Batak Toba Language. The aim of this study to analyse the addresse of Batak Toba people in their social life. This study used descriptive qualitative as a method of reserach. This study was analyse the result of interview of Batak Toba people. The result, there were tweenty male and female addresses that was used by Batak Toba people in family interaction. This adresse is used to show the level of satus and to show respect to the oldest and love to the youngest family member.

English Specific Course books should fulfill the real needs and objectives of the learners of special fields, actually in Corona arena. This study enjoyed a mixed method that evaluated the public textbook for the professional health, taught at Medical Branch. Two standard questionnaires administered in this research after piloting based on a Likert-scale evaluation checklist and Davoodi’s needs analysis questionnaire followed by an interview from the students. Data was analyzed via SPSS software version 22.0 and the findings revealed that the text book entitled “English for professional health students” was suitable for the related course from the students’ attitude, but it did not meet the students’ actual needs. Moreover, it provided valuable implications for students, teachers, syllabus developers and administrators.

This paper examines the phonological behaviour of the causative morpheme –i- in Tonga, using the Plateau and Valley Tonga varieties. It identifies the various segments in radical final positions of different verbal forms and seeks to establish how the introduction of the causative morpheme in their environment affects the segments. The paper finds that in some cases the morpheme induces phonological change to the segments preceding the morpheme, with more phonological ‘activity’ noted in Plateau Tonga. The influence of the morpheme identified in the study is that it induces fricativisation, palatalisation, or glottalisation to radical final segments of the verbs where it is introduced, depending on the nature the concerned segment. The conclusion drawn in the paper is that the influence of the morpheme is more pronounced in Plateau Tonga than in Valley Tonga.