This research aimed to determine the alteration of physical characteristics of Muscovy duck hatching egg of natural hatching. The information obtained will be used as a reference to modern hatching (artificially). Muscovy ducks as one of a poultry’s meat producer needs to be improved by population breeding with modern hatching. To be able to artificially incubate the eggs and achieve high hatchability, it is necessary to observe the natural hatching by mother duckling. The observation method was on egg shape index, hygiene of eggshell, shell temperature, egg weight loss, and hatchability. Ten mother ducklings were used during brood time with 15 eggs on each duck. The results showed the eggs that successfully hatched in this research had egg shape index equal 73.6%, egg weight loss 9.6%, eggshell temperature 36.9-38.0ºC, and hatchability 86%. The conclusion of this research during the natural hatching, the eggs undergo physical alteration that were egg weight loss, alteration in the eggshell appearance, and the temperature of the eggshell increased from day one to 28 but decreased at the end of the hatching process.
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The research objective was to determine the profile of smallholder farms based on the aspects of feed management and animal health in different agro-ecosystems on Timor Island. The research was carried out for 6 months, from June to December 2018. The research location was determined by purposive sampling, namely (1) pasture agroecosystem in District of Belu, Malaka, and Timor Tengah Utara, (2) agricultural agroecosystem in Kupang Regency and Kupang City, (3) plantation agroecosystems in Kupang Regency, and (4) forest agroecosystems in District of Timor Tengah Selatan. The purposive stratified proportional sampling method was used to determine the number of samples according to the Slovin formula at an error probability of 0.05 (5%) so that the sampling of respondents was 436 people. Types of data used are primary and secondary data with data methods by observation, interviews (questionnaires), and documentation. Descriptive quantitative data analysis described in a narrative manner. The results showed that for the aspect of feed management, feed preservation was only done by some farmers, with the highest to lowest percentage of actors being plantation agroecosystems (12.8%), agriculture, (5.9%), pasture (1.6%) and forest (0%). Whereas in the aspect of livestock health, the highest to lowest vaccination implementers were carried out in agricultural agroecosystems (98.0%) followed by plantations (92.2%), pasture (66.9%) and forests (44.8%).
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The use of feed additive of turmeric powder aimed to improve the growth performances of rabbits. Conducted this research in the Riang Gede Village, Penebel District, Bali Province, in July-October 2018. The rabbit used were 20 aged 8-week-old male crossbred rabbits (New Zealand White and Local Rabbits). The design experimental used was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications with details of treatment, namely ration without turmeric powder (P0), ration with 0.5% turmeric powder (P1), ration with 1% turmeric powder (P2), ration with 1.5% turmeric powder (P3). The parameters observed were daily weight gain, final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Turmeric powder has a positive impact on feed intake, daily body weight gain, FCR, and final body weight of rabbits. The addition of 1.5% turmeric powder had the highest feed intake at first and third-month research 72.98 g/head/day and 106.26 g/head/day. The turmeric powder of 1.5% in ration had the greatest feed conversion ratio of 3.85 with a final body weight of 1902.2 g/head.
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The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cassava pomace and protected soybean meal on dairy milk production and quality of mid lactating dairy cows. This research was conducted at Turen, Malang from January to April 2020. Twelve lactating Friesian Holstein dairy cows were divided into 2 groups so that each group consisted of 6, namely the control and treatment groups. The feed were a combination of forage and concentrate with a ratio of 35:65 in dry matter (DM). The control group received wet concentrate with DM content of 30.58%, 14.87% CP, and 75.06% TDN, while the treatment groups received concentrate with supplementation of cassava pomace 15% of DM ratio and protected soybean meal 45 g/l milk production. The variables observed were nutrient consumption, milk production and quality. Data between the two groups were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. The results showed that the addition of waste cassava and protected soybean meal increased (P<0.05) nutrient consumption (DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, and TDN). Milk production in the treatment group was higher (P<0.05) than control group (9.46 vs. 6.07 Ls/head/day). Milk protein production in the treatment group was higher (P<0.05) than control group (0.37 vs. 0.21 L/head/day). The content of milk protein and milk fat between the control and treatment groups was not significantly different (respectively 3.19 Vs 3.28; 4.46 vs 4.42 %). Milk protein and fat production in the treatment group was higher (P<0.05) than control group (0.21 vs 0.37; and 0.50 vs. 0.30 L/head/day respectively). The composition of glucose and blood urea in control and treatment dairy cows were not significantly different. In conclusion, giving cassava pomace and protected soybean meal to dairy cows during mid lactation increased nutrient consumption, milk production, milk protein production, and milk fat production but did not increase percentage of milk protein and fat. The treatment also did not affect blood glucose and nitrogen urea contents.
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This research was carried out to examine the chicory forage yields on different regrowth which were intercropped with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (dwarf elephant grass) on different regrowth due to various harvest age. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture, Faculty of Animal Science UGM for 7 months, with a split-plot design and analyzed by Duncan with a total of 9 plots and an area of 2.5x2.5 m2 for each plot. The main plot was the harvest age treatment (30, 45, and 60 days) and the subplot was the regrowth (first and second). In the first stage, as many as 9 cuttings of dwarf elephant grass in one plot were planted with a spacing of 1x1 m2 until the plant height reaches 10 to 15 cm, then the chicory seeds were spread among the dwarf elephant grass plants with the sand mixture. The results showed the harvest age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on chicory's plant height, fresh forage yield, dry matter content, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The 30 to 45 days harvest age performed a higher fresh production more than the 45 days to 60 days harvest age. The 60 days harvest age and second regrowth yielded the highest mixed fresh production compared to the other harvest ages, namely from 12.50 ton/ha to 25.26 ton/ha. Based on the research results showed that the older the harvest age (60 days) increased the biomass of plant production but decreased the plant digestibility. The second regrowth was able to produce higher than the first regrowth, but there was no significant effect on the dry matter content and forage digestibility.
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Local goats are one of the ruminants that have several advantages, including being expose to extreme temperatures such as in the tropics and can withstand to various types of diseases. Information regarding studies for wafer with the addition of rubber seed for goat is still limited. This study aims to determine the performance of local goats which is given wafer addition of rubber seed flour (RSF). The research parameters measured for wafer nutrient including dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and ash, while the performance of local goats wafers included feed intake, bodyweight gain, and feed efficiency. Twelve local goats were selected and they were assigned to 4 groups of treatments of three each in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The 4 diets treatment were wafers added with rubber seeds flour of 0%, 7%, 14% and 21%. The results showed that the addition of rubber seed flour in wafer had effect (P0.05) the feed intake, bodyweight gain, and feed efficiency. It can be conclude that the use of wafers until 21% rubber seed flour can improve the nutrient content of wafers but can not improve the production performance of local goats.
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This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among three duck populations (Bayang, Pegagan, and Pitalah) reared in Sumatera island, Indonesia, using microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity among populations (n = 90) was determined using 22 microsatellite markers, based on several indices: number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and Wright’s F-statistics ( ). The total number of alleles detected across loci was 121. The Na per locus ranged from 2 (APH24, CAUD128, and CAUD009) to 18 (CAUD048 and CAUD040). The mean Ho (0.429) dan He (0.509) indicated that the level of genetic diversity among populations was moderate, while the mean PIC (0.46) suggested that the tested loci were informative for assessing genetic diversity. The mean F-statistics ( ) were 0.148, 0.198, and 0.060, respectively. The value indicated that the level of genetic differentiation among populations was moderate. The results confirms a moderate genetic diversity among populations, which could be beneficial for designing conservation and utilization of the local ducks in Sumatera island.
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This research was aimed to optimize concentration of phytohormone in callus induction and in vitro regeneration of three species of Brachiaria grass plant, namely Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, and B. ruziziensis. Immature inflorescences were used as explant material. To induce callus, explants were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with phytohormone combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba and kinetin. Observation of callus induction included percentage of callus formation and callus morphology. The embryogenic calli were then transferred into regeneration media, i.e. MS basal medium supplemented with kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP). The result showed that 4 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L kinetin showed highest callus induction in B. brizantha and B. decumbens, namely 76% and 88% respectively. Whereas in B. ruziziensis, 3 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L kinetin showed highest callus induction, namely 86%. MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L kinetin showed highest regeneration in all three grass species, namely 92.5% in both B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis, and 88.75% in B. decumbens.
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This study aimed to determine the in vitro nutrient digestibility of complete silage from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench using different additives. The method used was a completely randomized design containing 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely, R1: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench + L. leucocephala (without additives/control), R2: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench + L. leucocephala + 20% rice bran + 10% rock sugar, R3: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench + L. leucocephala + 20% corn meal + 10% rock sugar, R4: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench + L. leucocephala + 20% pollard + 10% rock sugar. The additive material percentage was calculated based on the chopped weight of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and L. leucocephala. The data obtained were assessed by the analysis of variance, and then continuously analyzed by the Duncan's multiple range test. The Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench plants were harvested on 70 days after planting and withered for 3 hours to reduce the moisture content, and then chopped at 3 cm size. The chopped results were mixed with the additive materials based on the treatments and their percentages applied, and then moved to the plastic container (silo), the mixture that was moved into the silo was suppressed to make the chopped layer solid (anaerobic principal). Ensilage process was stood for 21 days. The complete silage was removed, and its in vitro nutrient digestibility was analyzed. The results showed that the use of additives could improve the dry matter, organic matter, N-NH3, and VFA digestibility of complete silage from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. It can be concluded that the additive supplementation of 20% pollard and 10% rock sugar can improve the dry matter, organic matter, N-NH3, and VFA digestibility of complete silage from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
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This study aims to determine the effect of feeding black garlic and curcuma in the ration on the growth performance and blood profile of broiler chickens. This research was conducted in the Faculty Farm and Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi and Health Laboratory, Jambi Province. The research used 200 day old chicken broiler (DOC) with strains of New Lohman MB 202. The experiment was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, 10 chickens each. The treatments were: P0 = 100% commercial feed (control), P1 = P0 + 3.0% black garlic + 0% curcuma, P2 = P0 + 2.0% black garlic + 1.0% curcuma, P3 = P0 + 1.0% black garlic + 2.0 % curcuma and P4 = P0 + 0% black garlic + 3.0% curcuma. Parameters measured were bodyweight gain, feed consumption and conversion ratio, and blood cholesterol profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL). The data were analyzed according to the design used, and highly significant effect on parameter would be tested by Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, bodyweight gain, feed conversion ratio dan blood cholesterol properties. Duncan's test showed that feeding 2% of black garlic and 1% curcuma significantly (P<0.05) increased feed consumption as well as bodyweight gain and HDL whereas cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL decreased significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that combination of 2% black garlic and 1% curcuma can improve growth performance up to 5% and blood profile of broilers (total cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL decreased 8.62%, 36.59% and 28.43% respectively, HDL increased 9.15% approximately).
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This research aimed to determine the alteration of physical characteristics of Muscovy duck hatching egg of natural hatching. The information obtained will be used as a reference to modern hatching (artificially). Muscovy ducks as one of a poultry’s meat producer needs to be improved by population breeding with modern hatching. To be able to artificially incubate the eggs and achieve high hatchability, it is necessary to observe the natural hatching by mother duckling. The observation method was on egg shape index, hygiene of eggshell, shell temperature, egg weight loss, and hatchability. Ten mother ducklings were used during brood time with 15 eggs on each duck. The results showed the eggs that successfully hatched in this research had egg shape index equal 73.6%, egg weight loss 9.6%, eggshell temperature 36.9-38.0ºC, and hatchability 86%. The conclusion of this research during the natural hatching, the eggs undergo physical alteration that were egg weight loss, alteration in the eggshell appearance, and the temperature of the eggshell increased from day one to 28 but decreased at the end of the hatching process.
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influence | Average | |
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The research objective was to determine the profile of smallholder farms based on the aspects of feed management and animal health in different agro-ecosystems on Timor Island. The research was carried out for 6 months, from June to December 2018. The research location was determined by purposive sampling, namely (1) pasture agroecosystem in District of Belu, Malaka, and Timor Tengah Utara, (2) agricultural agroecosystem in Kupang Regency and Kupang City, (3) plantation agroecosystems in Kupang Regency, and (4) forest agroecosystems in District of Timor Tengah Selatan. The purposive stratified proportional sampling method was used to determine the number of samples according to the Slovin formula at an error probability of 0.05 (5%) so that the sampling of respondents was 436 people. Types of data used are primary and secondary data with data methods by observation, interviews (questionnaires), and documentation. Descriptive quantitative data analysis described in a narrative manner. The results showed that for the aspect of feed management, feed preservation was only done by some farmers, with the highest to lowest percentage of actors being plantation agroecosystems (12.8%), agriculture, (5.9%), pasture (1.6%) and forest (0%). Whereas in the aspect of livestock health, the highest to lowest vaccination implementers were carried out in agricultural agroecosystems (98.0%) followed by plantations (92.2%), pasture (66.9%) and forests (44.8%).
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popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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The use of feed additive of turmeric powder aimed to improve the growth performances of rabbits. Conducted this research in the Riang Gede Village, Penebel District, Bali Province, in July-October 2018. The rabbit used were 20 aged 8-week-old male crossbred rabbits (New Zealand White and Local Rabbits). The design experimental used was a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications with details of treatment, namely ration without turmeric powder (P0), ration with 0.5% turmeric powder (P1), ration with 1% turmeric powder (P2), ration with 1.5% turmeric powder (P3). The parameters observed were daily weight gain, final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Turmeric powder has a positive impact on feed intake, daily body weight gain, FCR, and final body weight of rabbits. The addition of 1.5% turmeric powder had the highest feed intake at first and third-month research 72.98 g/head/day and 106.26 g/head/day. The turmeric powder of 1.5% in ration had the greatest feed conversion ratio of 3.85 with a final body weight of 1902.2 g/head.