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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Archiv der Universität Wien;

    http://scopeq.cc.univie.ac.at/Query/detail.aspx?id=141828

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  • Authors: Baltes, Margret; Lang, Frieder;

    In dem Forschungsprojekt wurde die empirische Brauchbarkeit des Metamodells der "Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation" (SOK, Baltes, 1998; Baltes & Carstensen, 1999) untersucht. Es wurde geprüft, inwieweit der Einsatz von Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation mit einer verbesserten Anpassungsfähigkeit des Individuums einhergeht. Insgesamt nahmen 480 Erwachsene im Alter zwischen 20 und 90 Jahren (geschichtet nach Alter und Geschlecht) an der Untersuchung teil. Im SOK-Modell wird postuliert, dass Individuen die Strategien der Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation einsetzen, um sich an altersbezogene Veränderungen anzupassen. Das SOK-Modell besteht aus drei Komponenten (Baltes & Carstensen, 2003): Selektion beschreibt eine zielabhängige Einengung von Lebens- oder Funktionsbereichen. Zwei Formen der Selektion werden unterschieden (Freund & Baltes, 2000): Elektive Selektion bezieht sich auf eine willkürliche, selbstregulierte Auswahl von Zielen oder Funktionsbereichen, während verlustbasierte Selektion eine Auswahl von Zielen (Funktionsbereichen) als Reaktion auf innere oder äußere Umstände darstellt. Optimierung meint die Verfeinerung und Verbesserung von Ressourcen in ausgewählten Funktionsbereichen. Kompensation wird grundsätzlich als Reaktion auf tatsächliche oder antizipierte Verlustereignisse aufgefasst und bezieht sich auf den Einsatz neuer und alternativer Mittel zur Erreichung eines Zieles. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes kamen verschiedene Erhebungsverfahren zum Einsatz, unter anderem Verfahren zur Erfassung von psychischem Wohlbefinden, Einsamkeit, sozialen Motiven, Lebensinvestment, Affektivität, Gesundheitszustand, kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit und sozialer Beziehungen. Zur Erfassung der Komponenten des SOK-Modells wurde ein eigens entwickelter Fragebogen verwendet und geprüft (Baltes et al., 1999). Es zeigte sich eine gute Reliabilität und Konstruktvalidität des Fragebogens, der sich damit zur Erfassung der psychischen Adaptivität über eine breite Altersspanne hinweg als geeignet erweist. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich, dass alte Erwachsene häufiger als junge und mittelalte Erwachsene elektive Selektion nutzten, aber seltener verlustbasierte Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation. Diese Altersunterschiede standen in Zusammenhang mit der Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen: So setzten gesunde, kognitiv funktionstüchtige, emotional stabile und sozial gut eingebundene Erwachsene, häufiger Strategien der verlustbasierten Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation ein als Erwachsene, die nur über geringe Ressourcen verfügten. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes sind konsistent mit grundlegenden Annahmen des Modells der Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation für den Bereich des allgemeinen Lebensmanagements und der Regulation der sozialen Integration im Erwachsenenalter. Die Befunde zeigen, dass über Einflüsse biologischer, psychologischer und sozialer Ressourcen hinaus, Individuen entwicklungsbezogene Herausforderungen besser meistern können, wenn sie Komponenten des Metamodells der Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation einsetzen. In this research project the empirical usefulness of the metamodel "Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation " (SOK; or selective optimization with compensation, SOC, Baltes, 1998; Baltes & Carstensen, 1999) was examined. It was analyzed whether the use of selection, optimization, and compensation is associated with an improved adaptability of the individual. A total of 480 adults aged 20-90 years (stratified by age and gender) took part in the investigation. The SOC model posits that individuals use the strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation to adjust to age-related changes. The SOC model consists of 3 components (Baltes & Carstensen, 2003): Selection describes a goal-dependent constriction of life- or functional areas. Two forms of selection can be distinguished (Freund & Baltes, 2000): Elective selection refers to an arbitrary, self-regulated selection of goals or functional areas while loss-based selection is a selection of goals (functional areas) in response to internal or external circumstances. Optimization refers to the refinement and improvement of resources in selected areas of functioning. Compensation is generally regarded as a response to actual or anticipated losses, and refers to the use of new and alternative means of achieving a goal. As part of the research project different survey methods were used, among them measures of psychological well-being, loneliness, social motives, life investment, affectivity, health, cognitive performance and social relationships. To assess the components of the SOC model a specially developed questionnaire was used and tested (Baltes et al., 1999). A good reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire was shown, proving it capable of capturing psychological adaptability across a wide range of ages. In addition, it was found that older adults used elective selection more frequently than young- and middle-aged adults while rarely using loss-based selection, optimization, and compensation. These age differences were related to resource availability: Healthy, cognitively high functioning, emotionally stable, and socially well-integrated adults with only limited resources at their disposal more often implemented loss-based selection strategies, optimization, and compensation as an adult. The results of the research project are consistent with basic assumptions of the model of selective optimization with compensation for the area of general life management and regulation of social integration in adulthood. The findings show that beyond the effects on biological, psychological, and social resources, individuals can better cope with development-related challenges if they use components of the metamodel of selective optimization with compensation. Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl: Geschichtete Zufallsauswahl Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Berliner Bevölkerung von 20-90 Jahren Psychological measurements and tests Berlin population aged 20-90 Telephone interview

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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Vidondo, B.; Speich, S.; Cioldi, F.; +8 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +8 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +8 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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256,608 Research products
  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +5 Authors
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  • Authors: Archiv der Universität Wien;

    http://scopeq.cc.univie.ac.at/Query/detail.aspx?id=141828

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  • Authors: Baltes, Margret; Lang, Frieder;

    In dem Forschungsprojekt wurde die empirische Brauchbarkeit des Metamodells der "Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation" (SOK, Baltes, 1998; Baltes & Carstensen, 1999) untersucht. Es wurde geprüft, inwieweit der Einsatz von Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation mit einer verbesserten Anpassungsfähigkeit des Individuums einhergeht. Insgesamt nahmen 480 Erwachsene im Alter zwischen 20 und 90 Jahren (geschichtet nach Alter und Geschlecht) an der Untersuchung teil. Im SOK-Modell wird postuliert, dass Individuen die Strategien der Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation einsetzen, um sich an altersbezogene Veränderungen anzupassen. Das SOK-Modell besteht aus drei Komponenten (Baltes & Carstensen, 2003): Selektion beschreibt eine zielabhängige Einengung von Lebens- oder Funktionsbereichen. Zwei Formen der Selektion werden unterschieden (Freund & Baltes, 2000): Elektive Selektion bezieht sich auf eine willkürliche, selbstregulierte Auswahl von Zielen oder Funktionsbereichen, während verlustbasierte Selektion eine Auswahl von Zielen (Funktionsbereichen) als Reaktion auf innere oder äußere Umstände darstellt. Optimierung meint die Verfeinerung und Verbesserung von Ressourcen in ausgewählten Funktionsbereichen. Kompensation wird grundsätzlich als Reaktion auf tatsächliche oder antizipierte Verlustereignisse aufgefasst und bezieht sich auf den Einsatz neuer und alternativer Mittel zur Erreichung eines Zieles. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes kamen verschiedene Erhebungsverfahren zum Einsatz, unter anderem Verfahren zur Erfassung von psychischem Wohlbefinden, Einsamkeit, sozialen Motiven, Lebensinvestment, Affektivität, Gesundheitszustand, kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit und sozialer Beziehungen. Zur Erfassung der Komponenten des SOK-Modells wurde ein eigens entwickelter Fragebogen verwendet und geprüft (Baltes et al., 1999). Es zeigte sich eine gute Reliabilität und Konstruktvalidität des Fragebogens, der sich damit zur Erfassung der psychischen Adaptivität über eine breite Altersspanne hinweg als geeignet erweist. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich, dass alte Erwachsene häufiger als junge und mittelalte Erwachsene elektive Selektion nutzten, aber seltener verlustbasierte Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation. Diese Altersunterschiede standen in Zusammenhang mit der Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen: So setzten gesunde, kognitiv funktionstüchtige, emotional stabile und sozial gut eingebundene Erwachsene, häufiger Strategien der verlustbasierten Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation ein als Erwachsene, die nur über geringe Ressourcen verfügten. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes sind konsistent mit grundlegenden Annahmen des Modells der Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation für den Bereich des allgemeinen Lebensmanagements und der Regulation der sozialen Integration im Erwachsenenalter. Die Befunde zeigen, dass über Einflüsse biologischer, psychologischer und sozialer Ressourcen hinaus, Individuen entwicklungsbezogene Herausforderungen besser meistern können, wenn sie Komponenten des Metamodells der Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation einsetzen. In this research project the empirical usefulness of the metamodel "Selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation " (SOK; or selective optimization with compensation, SOC, Baltes, 1998; Baltes & Carstensen, 1999) was examined. It was analyzed whether the use of selection, optimization, and compensation is associated with an improved adaptability of the individual. A total of 480 adults aged 20-90 years (stratified by age and gender) took part in the investigation. The SOC model posits that individuals use the strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation to adjust to age-related changes. The SOC model consists of 3 components (Baltes & Carstensen, 2003): Selection describes a goal-dependent constriction of life- or functional areas. Two forms of selection can be distinguished (Freund & Baltes, 2000): Elective selection refers to an arbitrary, self-regulated selection of goals or functional areas while loss-based selection is a selection of goals (functional areas) in response to internal or external circumstances. Optimization refers to the refinement and improvement of resources in selected areas of functioning. Compensation is generally regarded as a response to actual or anticipated losses, and refers to the use of new and alternative means of achieving a goal. As part of the research project different survey methods were used, among them measures of psychological well-being, loneliness, social motives, life investment, affectivity, health, cognitive performance and social relationships. To assess the components of the SOC model a specially developed questionnaire was used and tested (Baltes et al., 1999). A good reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire was shown, proving it capable of capturing psychological adaptability across a wide range of ages. In addition, it was found that older adults used elective selection more frequently than young- and middle-aged adults while rarely using loss-based selection, optimization, and compensation. These age differences were related to resource availability: Healthy, cognitively high functioning, emotionally stable, and socially well-integrated adults with only limited resources at their disposal more often implemented loss-based selection strategies, optimization, and compensation as an adult. The results of the research project are consistent with basic assumptions of the model of selective optimization with compensation for the area of general life management and regulation of social integration in adulthood. The findings show that beyond the effects on biological, psychological, and social resources, individuals can better cope with development-related challenges if they use components of the metamodel of selective optimization with compensation. Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl: Geschichtete Zufallsauswahl Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Berliner Bevölkerung von 20-90 Jahren Psychological measurements and tests Berlin population aged 20-90 Telephone interview

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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Vidondo, B.; Speich, S.; Cioldi, F.; +8 Authors
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  • Authors: Abegg, M.; Brändli, U.-B.; Cioldi, F.; Fischer, C.; +8 Authors
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