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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Njagulj Vesna; Kovačev Nemanja; Rašović Predrag; Semnic Robert; +1 Authors

    Introduction. The problem of using patellar tendon auto or allografts for lateral collateral ligament reconstruction results in the occurrence of ligaments mismatch. The length of patellar tendon does not match the lateral collateral ligament. Material and Methods. Out of 151 patients, who formed the study, 102 were men with the mean age of 30 years (18-54) and 49 women, with the mean age of 34 (18-55), and they all underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Both patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament were measured using a three-dimensional isovoxel truefast-imaging with steady-state precession sequence with water excitation and secondary multiplanar reformations. In order to visualize the lateral collateral ligament insertions precisely, sagittal images were reformatted according to the anatomical, oblique ligament position, in anteriorly tilted, paracoronal plane. The length of the patellar tendon was measured from the patellar apex to the tibial tuberosity insertion site. Results. The mean patellar tendon length was 52.88±7.56 mm (37-75) with a significant difference between men and women. The mean lateral collateral ligament length was 61.21±5.77 mm (46-80) with a significant difference between genders. The average differences between lateral collateral ligament and patellar tendon length was 8.38±7.23 mm (-9 to 26) without a significant difference between the genders. In 18 (11.92%) patients, the patellar tendon was longer than the lateral collateral ligament; in 7 patients (4.63%) they were equal; and in 126 patients (83.44%) the patellar tendon was shorter than the lateral collateral ligament. Conclusion. The length of patellar tendon does not match the length of lateral collateral ligament. If patellar tendon auto or allograft is used for lateral collateral ligament reconstruction, the lengths of both ligaments must be determined preoperatively in order to avoid intraoperative complications.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ National Library of ...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Caruyer, Emmanuel;
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Rennes 1; INRIA ...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Celkova, Maria; Chung, Gary; Chen, Angus; Draaisma, Harry; +3 Authors

    The ACLeeve is a portable and easy to use electromyography (EMG) device to be used during ACL injury recovery to aid in the rehabilitation process. The ACLeeve is wrapped around the user's leg using a knee sleeve and electrodes, and then wirelessly transfers data to the user's phone or laptop. To achieve this, the ACLeeve must be small and lightweight, with electronics and software capable of detecting EMG readings and then transmitting them over a secure wireless connection. As well, the ACLeeve must be safe for the user and conform to all relevant standards. ACLeeve will monitor the user's movements of both quadriceps using surface EMGs (SEMGs) and Strain Sensors. These devices will be actively transmitting the collected data to a microprocessor, which will then process and send the data to an external device for further software analysis. The ACLeeve will provide real-time feedback to the user (audio or visual) regarding the performance of their movements, which will allow the user to physically adjust in order to achieve better long-term results.Our software will perform long-term analyses which will evaluate the progress of obtaining the goal of 80-90% asymmetry between the user's ACL-injured quadricep and their other healthy quadricep.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Simon Fraser Univers...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Zeltiņa, Estere; Mekša, Liga; Kadiša, Anda; Karelis, Guntis; +4 Authors

    Background: The therapy of patients with concomitant multiple sclerosis (MS) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a challenge for clinicians. Secukinumab is effective in the treatment of MS. In the clinical case, we present, substantial clinical and radiological remission in the case of both autoimmune diseases was observed. Case Presentation: A male adult was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS. The patient complained of severe thoraco-lumbar pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) led to a diagnosis of AS. Considering that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were ineffective and tumor necrosis factor-α blockers are contraindicated in patients with MS, secukinumab was prescribed. MRI 8 months after initiation of therapy provided clinical stability in consideration of the two autoimmune comorbidities. Conclusion: Secukinumab is an effective therapy for concomitant MS and AS. Peer reviewed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Riga Stradiņš Univer...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Riga Stradiņš Univer...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mullen, Brian Romney;

    Functional imaging of neural cell populations at mesoscale is criticalfor mapping intra- and inter-regional network dynamics across the dorsal neocortex. Past lab members produced a flexible work flow for producing high quality segmentations of functional structure across neocortex utilizing Independent Component Analysis (ICA). This unsupervised machine learning decomposition of densely sampled recordings of cortical calcium dynamics, results in a collection of components comprised of neuronal signal sources distinct from optical, movement, and vascular artifacts. In this body of work, I built a supervised learning classifier that automatically separates neural activity and artifact components, using a set of extracted spatial and temporal metrics that characterize the respective components. Control data recorded in glial cell reporter and non-fluorescent mouse lines validates human and machine identification of functional component class.Utilizing the insight from the machine learning analysis, I processed alarge dataset from three different transgenic mouse lines expressing calcium indicators in distinct sub-population of neurons: pan-neuronal, upper, and lower layer specific excitatory neuronal subpopulations. I was able to create domain maps to discretize the cortex into functional units and observe how each domain behaves. The application of this data-driven method ultimately reduced the number of time series, while maintaining the informative structure at a mesoscale. From all these animals, I gain insight into the developing structural changes of circuitry based on age-related functional changes observed in these domain maps.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ eScholarship - Unive...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Johnston, Kevin;

    Identifying and tracking cell location in long-term longitudinal studies is critical for identifying large-scale time-dependent neuronal activity variations. Population cell tracking across multiple sessions is complicated by non-rigid transformations induced by noise, cell movement and imaging field shifts. In this text we develop SCOUT (Single-Cell SpatiOtemporal LongitUdinal Tracking), a fast, robust cell tracking method utilizing multiple cell-cell similarity metrics, probabilistic inference, and an adaptive clustering methodology to perform cell identification across multiple calcium imaging sessions. We then apply SCOUT to study variations of firing activity coincident with contextual discrimination and neural circuit negation. Next, we investigate the relationship between firing activity and transcriptomics in a single cell type, showing that transcriptional gradients can be associated to subtle variations in neuronal firing activity, which then motivates the development of scGradient, a machine learning algorithm for identifying continuous transcriptional gradients across and within cell types.

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    Authors: Contessa G. M.; D'agostino S.; Falsaperla R.; Grandi C.; +1 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Vojinović Slobodan; Savić Dejan; Lukić Stevo; Savić Ljiljana; +1 Authors

    Background/Aim. Environmental factors may influence the disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of air pollution and seasonal climate factors of any on number of relapses in MS patients during a consecutive 5 years of observation. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed data of MS patients from the town of Niš, hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Niš, Serbia, from 2005 to 2009. Climate data: mean daily sun shining; mean monthly sun shining, mean whole daily cloudiness, daily cloudiness at 7 a.m, 2 p.m. and 9 p.m. and air pollution expressed by NSR (New Source Review) were obtained from the Meteorology Observatory Niš. Results. During a 5-year of observation there were 260 relapses in 101 MS patients. The number of relapses showed a significantly negative correlation with the number of days with NSR < 2 (ρ = -0.31; p < 0.01) and a positive correlation with the mean whole daily cloudiness (p < 0.05), mean daily cloudiness at 7 a.m. (p < 0.05) and 2 p.m. (p < 0.01). We found a significantly positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the reduced number of relapses during the period of high vitamin D season, i.e. July-October. There was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) of the number of relapses during spring (ґ = 6.53; SD = 3.98) compared to the other three seasons. The joint presence of lower number of days with NSR < 2 during low vitamin D season (January-April) correlated with a statistically significant increase of the number of relapses in MS patients (F = 5.06, p < 0.01). Conclusion. The obtained results confirmed the influence of air pollution and climate seasonal conditions on disease relapses in MS patients based on a long-term observation. Lower numbers of days with low air pollution during the periods with low vitamin D (January-April), especially with increased cloudiness at 2 p.m, induce a higher risk of MS relapses in southern continental parts of Europe.

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    Authors: Miguel, Virginia; Villarreal, Marcos Ariel; Garcia, Daniel Asmed;

    γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABAA receptors are activated by GABA and modulated by a wide variety of recognized drugs, including anesthetics and benzodiazepines. GABAergic phenols (GP) like propofol, thymol, chlorothymol, carvacrol and eugenol are positive allosteric modulators of R-GABA A. These GP are lipophilic, therefore their anesthetic activity could be the combined result of their specific interaction with the receptor, as well as nonspecific interactions with the receptor lipidic environment. We used molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to contribute to a description of the molecular events that occur at the membrane as part of the mechanism of general anesthesia. Previous MD simulations indicated that GP interacts with the polar interface of phospholipid bilayer. The presence of GP in a DPPC bilayer has an ordering effect on lipid acyl chains for carbons near the interface. We have now determined GP orientation in the bilayer by defining a set of molecular axes. We have calculated the correlation of the experimental membrane partition coefficients obtained by the IAM–HPLC method (log kIAM–W), with ΔG of partition obtained in biased MD and obtained a value of 0.935. Potential of mean force (PMF) calculations using umbrella sampling were used to characterize the forces that drive propofol partition into the bilayer. This analysis showed that propofol partition is mainly enthalpic driven at the polar region and entropic driven at the hydrocarbon chains. We calculated the GP-water, GP-GP and GP-DPPC non-bonding interactions. We found attractive Lennard-Jones (LJ) interactions between phenol and DPPC, while GP-GP LJ forces were found to be nearly zero. Finally, we determined the first hydration shell for PRF. While in the aquose phase PRF has ~35 water molecules, at the lipid phase there is an average of ~5 water molecules, except at translocations, were water molecules drop to cero. These results confirm that all the GP studied interact with membranes, and exert some alteration of the receptor lipid environment. Thus, it is possible that anesthetic activity of GPs could be the combined result of their interaction with specific receptor proteins (GABA-Rs) but also with the surrounding lipid molecules. Fil: Garcia, Daniel Asmed. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Miguel, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Villarreal, Marcos Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina XLVIII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Biofísica Sociedad Argentina de Biofísica Argentina San Luis

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    Authors: Shrestha, S.; Hogan, J.D.; Ramesh, K.T.; Venkatesan, A.; +2 Authors

    Although a number of cytoskeletal derangements have been described in the setting of traumatic axonal injury (TAI), little is known of early structural changes that may serve to initiate a cascade of further axonal degeneration. Recent work by the authors has examined conformational changes in cytoskeletal constituents of neuronal axons undergoing traumatic axonal injury (TAI) following focal compression through confocal imaging data taken in vitro and in situ. The present study uses electron microscopy to understand and quantify in vitro alterations in the ultrastructural composition of microtubules and neurofilaments within neuronal axons of rats following focal compression. Standard transmission electron microscopy processing methods are used to identify microtubules, while neurofilament identification is performed using antibody labeling through gold nanoparticles. The number, density, and spacing of microtubules and neurofilaments are quantified for specimens in sham Control and Crushed groups with fixation at <1min following load. Our results indicate that the axon caliber dependency known to exist for microtubule and neurofilament metrics extends to axons undergoing TAI, with the exception of neurofilament spacing, which appears to remain constant across all Crushed axon diameters. Confidence interval comparisons between Control and Crushed cytoskeletal measures suggests early changes in the neurofilament spatial distributions within axons undergoing TAI may precede microtubule changes in response to applied loads. This may serve as a trigger for further secondary damage to the axon, representing a key insight into the temporal aspects of cytoskeletal degeneration at the component level, and suggests the rapid removal of neurofilament sidearms as one possible mechanism.

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1,494 Research products
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    Authors: Njagulj Vesna; Kovačev Nemanja; Rašović Predrag; Semnic Robert; +1 Authors

    Introduction. The problem of using patellar tendon auto or allografts for lateral collateral ligament reconstruction results in the occurrence of ligaments mismatch. The length of patellar tendon does not match the lateral collateral ligament. Material and Methods. Out of 151 patients, who formed the study, 102 were men with the mean age of 30 years (18-54) and 49 women, with the mean age of 34 (18-55), and they all underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Both patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament were measured using a three-dimensional isovoxel truefast-imaging with steady-state precession sequence with water excitation and secondary multiplanar reformations. In order to visualize the lateral collateral ligament insertions precisely, sagittal images were reformatted according to the anatomical, oblique ligament position, in anteriorly tilted, paracoronal plane. The length of the patellar tendon was measured from the patellar apex to the tibial tuberosity insertion site. Results. The mean patellar tendon length was 52.88±7.56 mm (37-75) with a significant difference between men and women. The mean lateral collateral ligament length was 61.21±5.77 mm (46-80) with a significant difference between genders. The average differences between lateral collateral ligament and patellar tendon length was 8.38±7.23 mm (-9 to 26) without a significant difference between the genders. In 18 (11.92%) patients, the patellar tendon was longer than the lateral collateral ligament; in 7 patients (4.63%) they were equal; and in 126 patients (83.44%) the patellar tendon was shorter than the lateral collateral ligament. Conclusion. The length of patellar tendon does not match the length of lateral collateral ligament. If patellar tendon auto or allograft is used for lateral collateral ligament reconstruction, the lengths of both ligaments must be determined preoperatively in order to avoid intraoperative complications.

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    Authors: Caruyer, Emmanuel;
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    Authors: Celkova, Maria; Chung, Gary; Chen, Angus; Draaisma, Harry; +3 Authors

    The ACLeeve is a portable and easy to use electromyography (EMG) device to be used during ACL injury recovery to aid in the rehabilitation process. The ACLeeve is wrapped around the user's leg using a knee sleeve and electrodes, and then wirelessly transfers data to the user's phone or laptop. To achieve this, the ACLeeve must be small and lightweight, with electronics and software capable of detecting EMG readings and then transmitting them over a secure wireless connection. As well, the ACLeeve must be safe for the user and conform to all relevant standards. ACLeeve will monitor the user's movements of both quadriceps using surface EMGs (SEMGs) and Strain Sensors. These devices will be actively transmitting the collected data to a microprocessor, which will then process and send the data to an external device for further software analysis. The ACLeeve will provide real-time feedback to the user (audio or visual) regarding the performance of their movements, which will allow the user to physically adjust in order to achieve better long-term results.Our software will perform long-term analyses which will evaluate the progress of obtaining the goal of 80-90% asymmetry between the user's ACL-injured quadricep and their other healthy quadricep.

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    Authors: Zeltiņa, Estere; Mekša, Liga; Kadiša, Anda; Karelis, Guntis; +4 Authors

    Background: The therapy of patients with concomitant multiple sclerosis (MS) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a challenge for clinicians. Secukinumab is effective in the treatment of MS. In the clinical case, we present, substantial clinical and radiological remission in the case of both autoimmune diseases was observed. Case Presentation: A male adult was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS. The patient complained of severe thoraco-lumbar pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) led to a diagnosis of AS. Considering that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were ineffective and tumor necrosis factor-α blockers are contraindicated in patients with MS, secukinumab was prescribed. MRI 8 months after initiation of therapy provided clinical stability in consideration of the two autoimmune comorbidities. Conclusion: Secukinumab is an effective therapy for concomitant MS and AS. Peer reviewed

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    Authors: Mullen, Brian Romney;

    Functional imaging of neural cell populations at mesoscale is criticalfor mapping intra- and inter-regional network dynamics across the dorsal neocortex. Past lab members produced a flexible work flow for producing high quality segmentations of functional structure across neocortex utilizing Independent Component Analysis (ICA). This unsupervised machine learning decomposition of densely sampled recordings of cortical calcium dynamics, results in a collection of components comprised of neuronal signal sources distinct from optical, movement, and vascular artifacts. In this body of work, I built a supervised learning classifier that automatically separates neural activity and artifact components, using a set of extracted spatial and temporal metrics that characterize the respective components. Control data recorded in glial cell reporter and non-fluorescent mouse lines validates human and machine identification of functional component class.Utilizing the insight from the machine learning analysis, I processed alarge dataset from three different transgenic mouse lines expressing calcium indicators in distinct sub-population of neurons: pan-neuronal, upper, and lower layer specific excitatory neuronal subpopulations. I was able to create domain maps to discretize the cortex into functional units and observe how each domain behaves. The application of this data-driven method ultimately reduced the number of time series, while maintaining the informative structure at a mesoscale. From all these animals, I gain insight into the developing structural changes of circuitry based on age-related functional changes observed in these domain maps.

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    Authors: Johnston, Kevin;

    Identifying and tracking cell location in long-term longitudinal studies is critical for identifying large-scale time-dependent neuronal activity variations. Population cell tracking across multiple sessions is complicated by non-rigid transformations induced by noise, cell movement and imaging field shifts. In this text we develop SCOUT (Single-Cell SpatiOtemporal LongitUdinal Tracking), a fast, robust cell tracking method utilizing multiple cell-cell similarity metrics, probabilistic inference, and an adaptive clustering methodology to perform cell identification across multiple calcium imaging sessions. We then apply SCOUT to study variations of firing activity coincident with contextual discrimination and neural circuit negation. Next, we investigate the relationship between firing activity and transcriptomics in a single cell type, showing that transcriptional gradients can be associated to subtle variations in neuronal firing activity, which then motivates the development of scGradient, a machine learning algorithm for identifying continuous transcriptional gradients across and within cell types.

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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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    Authors: Contessa G. M.; D'agostino S.; Falsaperla R.; Grandi C.; +1 Authors
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