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Since the release of Napster in 1999, P2P file-sharing has enjoyed a dramatic rise in popularity. A 2000 study by Plonka on the University of Wisconsin campus network found that file-sharing accounted for a comparable volume of traffic to HTTP, while a 2002 study by Saroiu et al. on the University of Washington campus network found that file-sharing accounted for more than treble the volume of web traffic observed, thus affirming the significance of P2P in the context of Internet traffic. Empirical studies of P2P traffic are essential for supporting the design of nextgeneration P2P systems, informing the provisioning of network infrastructure and underpinning the policing of P2P systems. The latter is of particular significance as P2P file-sharing systems have been implicated in supporting criminal behaviour including copyright infringement and the distribution of illegal pornography.

In this paper, we provide an overview of the sixth annual edition of the CLEF eHealth evaluation lab. CLEF eHealth 2018 continues our evaluation resource building efforts around the easing and support of patients, their next-of-kins, clinical staff, and health scientists in understanding, accessing, and authoring eHealth information in a multilingual setting. This year’s lab offered three tasks: Task 1 on multilingual information extraction to extend from last year’s task on French and English corpora to French, Hungarian, and Italian; Task 2 on technologically assisted reviews in empirical medicine building on last year’s pilot task in English; and Task 3 on Consumer Health Search (CHS) in mono- and multilingual settings that builds on the 2013–17 Information Retrieval tasks. In total 28 teams took part in these tasks (14 in Task 1, 7 in Task 2 and 7 in Task 3). Herein, we describe the resources created for these tasks, outline our evaluation methodology adopted and provide a brief summary of participants of this year’s challenges and results obtained. As in previous years, the organizers have made data and tools associated with the lab tasks available for future research and development.

Actors in a large scale Online Intercultural Exchange (OIE) (O’Dowd, 2016) known as Clavier (MacKinnon, 2016) took time to reflect on their personal experiences of an OIE Network (OIEN) through creating auto ethnographic accounts (Nunan & Choi, 2010). Data reflect different contexts, roles and identities. The data were analysed using a grounded theory method to explore the various perspectives, convergences, and divergences. Through this analysis, “[t]he researcher creates an explication, organisation and presentation of the data rather than discovering order within the data. The discovery process consists of discovering the ideas the researcher has about the data after interacting with it” (Charmaz, 1990, p. 1169, cited in Willig, 2013, p. 77, emphasis in original). This ‘discovery process’ was followed by a series of online discussions where we grappled with the question of how best to present this complex picture with its many facets given the short period of presentation time in the conference. An account emerged of the transformative nature of connected practice. The process of preparing this performance for the UNICollaboration conference in Krakow took the actors to a new point in their professional lives.\ud \ud

Knowledge management (KM) is an emerging discipline (Ives, Torrey & Gordon, 1997) and characterised by four processes: generation, codification, transfer, and application (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). Completing the loop, knowledge transfer is regarded as a precursor to knowledge creation (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) and thus forms an essential part of the knowledge management process. The understanding of how knowledge is transferred is very important for explaining the evolution and change in institutions, organisations, technology, and economy. However, knowledge transfer is often found to be laborious, time consuming, complicated, and difficult to understand (Huber, 2001; Szulanski, 2000). It has received negligible systematic attention (Huber, 2001; Szulanski, 2000), thus we know little about it (Huber, 2001). However, some literature, such as Davenport and Prusak (1998) and Shariq (1999), has attempted to address knowledge transfer within an organisation, but studies on inter-organisational knowledge transfer are still much neglected. An emergent view is that it may be beneficial for organisations if more research can be done to help them understand and, thus, to improve their inter-organisational knowledge transfer process. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the inter-organisational knowledge transfer and its related literature and present a proposed inter-organisational knowledge transfer process model based on theoretical and empirical studies.

We prove that dnnfs can be simulated by Non-deterministic Read-Once Branching Programs (nrobps) of quasi-polynomial size. As a result, all the exponential lower bounds for nrobps immediately apply for dnnfs.

From a modeling point of view, the inclusion of adequate physical phenomena is mandatory when analyzing the behavior of new transistor architectures. In particular, the high electric field across the ultra-thin insulator in aggressively scaled transistors leads to the possibility for the charge carriers in the channel to tunnel through the gate oxide via various gate leakage mechanisms (GLMs). In this work, we study the impact of trap number on gate leakage using the GLM model, which is included in a Multi-Subband Ensemble Monte Carlo (MS-EMC) simulator for Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) field effect transistors (FETs). The GLM code described herein considers both direct and trap-assisted tunneling. This work shows that trap attributes and dynamics can modify the device electrostatic characteristics and even play a significant role in determining the extent of GLMs.

A novel and cost effective long reach PON downlink scenario is proposed employing a multi-carrier transmitter and pilot tone aided direct detection at the receiver. Error free performance with QPSK and 50km transmission is presented.

Mobile devices can now support a wide range of applications, many of which demand high computational power. Backed by the virtually unbounded resources of cloud computing, today’s mobile-cloud (MC) computing can meet the demands of even the most computationally and resource intensive applications. However, many existing MC hybrid applications are inefficient in terms of achieving objectives like minimizing battery power consumption and network bandwidth usage, which form a tradeoff. To counter this problem we propose a technique that: 1) measures, at run time, how well the MC application meets these two objectives; and 2) allows arbitrary configurations to be applied to the MC application in order to optimize the efficiency tradeoff. Our experimental evaluation considers two MC hybrid applications. We modularized them first, based on computationally-intensive tasks, and then executed them using a simple MC framework while measuring the power and bandwidth consumption at run-time. Analysis of results shows that efficient configurations of the apps can be obtained in terms of minimizing the two objectives. However, there remain challenges such as scalability and automation of the process, which we discuss.