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Consider a project consisting of a set of n operations to be performed. Some pairs {j,j′} of operations are incompatible, which can have two different meanings. On the one hand, it can be allowed to perform j and j′ at common time periods. In such a case, incompatibility costs are encountered and penalized in the objective function. On the other hand, it can be strictly forbidden to perform j and j′ concurrently. In such a case, the overall project duration has to be minimized. In this paper, three project scheduling problems (P 1), (P 2) and (P 3) are considered. It will be showed that tabu search relying on graph coloring models is a very competitive method for such problems. The overall approach is called graph coloring tabu search and denoted GCTS.

Le psychologue allemand Karl Bühler (1879-1963) termine en 1918 son ouvrage Le développement mental de l'enfant avec un chapitre consacré au concept de plaisir qu'il présente comme central pour expliquer aussi bien la genèse de l'intellect que les mobiles de son fonctionnement. Il distingue entre la jouissance, le plaisir dans l'activité (Funktionsfreude) et le plaisir de création (Schaffensfreude). C'est notamment la Funktionsfreude qui retiendra notre intérêt. Elle se montre selon Bühler dans les jeux des enfants et est caractérisée comme une activité réalisée et maintenue exclusivement par et à cause de ce plaisir, aucun autre mobile étant nécessaire. Ce plaisir dans l'activité est toujours à la recherche de son objet et c'est lui qui fait, selon Bühler, que ce qui devient dans le monde l'objet du corps ou de l'esprit n'est pas prédéterminé ni par les nécessités vitales ni par les finalités sociales. Nous allons discuter les forces heuristiques de ce concept aussi bien pour les débats en psychologie du développement que pour une théorie du jeu.

We present a new method for forecasting systems of multiple interrelated time series. The method learns the forecast models together with discovering leading indicators from within the system that serve as good predictors improving the forecast accuracy and a cluster structure of the predictive tasks around these. The method is based on the classical linear vector autoregressive model (VAR) and links the discovery of the leading indicators to inferring sparse graphs of Granger causality. We formulate a new constrained optimisation problem to promote the desired sparse structures across the models and the sharing of information amongst the learning tasks in a multi-task manner. We propose an algorithm for solving the problem and document on a battery of synthetic and real-data experiments the advantages of our new method over baseline VAR models as well as the state-of-the-art sparse VAR learning methods.

International audience; Globalization through individualization together with an increase of translocal relations has opened up new ways of identification. Music as a set of symbolic elements enables this identification process. Indie rock as a globalized musical genre is a fruitful field that gives insight into understanding how individuals adopt and adapt a musical style. The aim of this research is to describe how indie rock bands are situated in Switzerland within the indie rock genre, and how they get in contact and identify with it. This research is based on 15 individual interviews conducted with members of six different Swiss indie bands. The results show that these bands uphold translocal identification with the international musical genre through, among others, the generalized use of English as the language of indie rock. However, since only few of them have connections abroad, this translocal identification is mainly mediated through the consumption of both live and recorded music from international artists. Due to this peripheral position, these bands are unable to play a significant role within the indie rock scene. Their music is, so to say, internationally inspired but locally produced. In this context, they are still very dependent on their geographical environment considered as a space of experience and resource. Yet, local identity does not seem to be claimed neither is the feeling of belonging to a local scene. This research shows that indie rock has to be understood through the lense of a rhizomic phenomenon, which is being constantly adapted by individuals through a variety of mediators. Moreover it challenges the idea of a local scene by showing how it is socially constructed.

A long-­‐standing debate surrounds the question as to what justifies memory judgements. According to the Past Reason Theory, these judgements are justified by the reasons we had to make identical judgements in the past, whereas the Present Reason Theory claims that these justifying reasons are to be found at the time we pass the memory judgements. In this paper, I defend the original claim that, far from being exclusive, these two theories should be applied to different kinds of memory judgements. The Past Reason Theory offers the most appealing account of justified propositional memory judgements, while the Present Reason Theory provides the best approach to justified episodic memory judgements. One outcome of my discussion is thus that memory is not epistemologically unified and my argumenti n favour of this conclusion connects with the issues of internalism, reliabilism and the basing relation.

The social design approach presented in this chapter was developed to ensure that the new smart living lab building includes not only sus- tainable environmental and economic aspects, but also social aspects. By better understand- ing the preferences and attitudes of its future occupants and the three founding institutions, the team will be able to successfully incorpo- rate the former in the design process.

International audience