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Homogenization atau homogenisasi adalah proses penyeragaman ukuran partikel dalam upaya mempertahankan kestabilan dari sebuah campuran yang terbentuk dari dua fase yang tidak dapat menyatu atau biasa disebut emulsi. Maka dari itu salah satu teknologi yang bisa digunakan untuk memperkecil ukuran partikel salah satunya yaitu mesin homogenizer. Mesin homogenizer juga dapat digunakan untuk mengecilkan suatu bahan tanpa dicampurkan dengan bahan lainnya. Faktor yang digunakan untuk melihat ukuran partikel adalah kecepatan putar rotor, waktu kerja mesin dan tekanan. Bahan yang digunakan adalah selulosa, arang kelapa dan Nata de Coco. Setelah dilakukan proses homogenisasi menggunakan mesin homogenizer rata-rata ukuran partikel yang didapat akan dilihat menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design L9 (33) dengan tipe smaller is better sebagai karakteristik respon SN Ratio sehingga hanya 9 percobaan saja yang dilakukan. Nilai ukuran yang paling kecil didapatkan pada kecepatan putar rotor 3000 rpm, waktu kerja mesin 90 menit, dan bukaan katup setengah terbuka dengan ukuran masing-masing spesimen yaitu 0,4 µm pada selulosa, 0,34 µm pada arang kelapa dan 0,51 µm pada Nata de Coco. Berdasarkan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap ukuran masing-masing spesimen hanyalah kecepatan putar rotor.

Drugs are often associated with intoxicants. In the context of fiqih drugs usually dikiaskan to prohibition of wine. However, in line with the development of contemporary medical science, the works of the new fiqh also mention and emphasize that the effects of damage also have its own influence in relation to drug law. This study aims to explore and analyze the trends of contemporary jurisprudence works in explaining their backs in relating the status of Sharia law values to drug abuse. This study uses qualitative methods. The data obtained from these works were analyzed and made comparisons. A number of 10 contemporary works that discuss drug law and the reasons for its prohibition have been used in this study. The study concluded that the works agreed that drug abuse is haram according to the Shari'a. All activities related to drug abuse such as planting, processing, owning, buying or selling permits used to cooperate with its misuse are haram. Likewise, in terms of its proofing proposition, all works tend to see it is based on the kias to the wine based on the argument that drugs are potentially intoxicating. The works only mention the destructive aspect without emphasizing it as an important basis for the prohibition of drug abuse. This is certainly not in accordance with the reality of the threat of drugs that not only grab the function of the intellect alone, even damaging the five-five main objectives of Islamic law, namely religion, life, intellect, descent and wealth. Hence the affirmation of the restrictive section needs to be emphasized in an effort to ensure fair drug abuse is prevented and handled more seriously in order to ensure the well-being of the ummah is maintained.

Nilai penting adalah satu-satunya alasan yang mendasari pelestarian cagar budaya. Terbukti bahwa tidak ada masyarakat yang berupaya melestarikan aset bersejarah yang tidak mengandung nilai. Sejak penerbitan Burra Charter pada tahun 1979, banyak negara mengakui pentingnya mengidentifikasi makna atau nilai penting objek warisan budaya untuk mengembangkan kebijakan dan perencanaan dalam pengelolaannya. Saat ini, asesmen nilai penting objek warisan budaya adalah bagian dari proses penetapan aset sejarah menjadi cagar budaya. Meskipun wacana konservasi cagar budaya di Kota Medan telah berkembang sejak 1980-an, tetapi asesmen nilai penting budaya masih merupakan konsep baru untuk komunitas cagar budaya Indonesia karena tidak terdapat uraian yang jelas dalam Undang-Undang Cagar Budaya No. 11 tahun 2010. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, perlu seperangkat kriteria yang mengandung prinsip, karakteristik, kategori, dan panduan untuk membantu menetapkan apakah aset bersejarah mengandung nilai warisan budaya atau tidak dan untuk menghasilkan penilaian yang lebih akuntabel, transparan, dan konsisten. Menetapkan daftar kriteria selayaknya menjadi wilayah para akademisi dan para ahli yang dikoordinasikan oleh pihak berwenang di daerah setempat. Namun, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penetapan kriteria untuk penilaian signifikansi dapat dilakukan dengan melibatkan 33 orang masyarakat lokal melalui tiga fase pengumpulan data dan analisis antara lain survei lapangan; wawancara mendalam; pertemuan kelompok; dan kuesioner kepada 33 peserta. Akhirnya, penelitian ini menghasilkan enam kriteria untuk penilaian penetapan cagar budaya di Kota Medan yang berasal dari lima nilai: sejarah, desain atau arsitektur fisik, budaya dan spiritual, ilmiah, dan sosial.Value is the sole reason underlying heritage conservation. It is self-evident that no society makes an effort to conserve a historic asset what it does not value. Since the publication of the Burra Charter in 1979, many countries recognized the importance of identifying the cultural heritage significance or values to develop the policy and planning in heritage management. Today, the cultural significance assessment is part of the listing process of a historical asset as heritage. Although the discourse of cultural heritage conservation in Medan had evolved since the 1980s, cultural significance assessment is still a new concept for Indonesia heritage community with the absence of its description within the Indonesian Heritage Act No. 11 of 2010. For that reason, we need a set of criteria which contain principles, characteristics, categories, and guidance to help decide whether a historic asset has heritage value or not and to make the assessment results more accountable, transparent, and consistent as well. Establishing criteria for listing have traditionally been the territory of academics and experts coordinated by the authorities of the region. However, this study has shown that establishing criteria for significance assessment could be done by involving 33 local people through three phases of data collections and analyses such as field survey; in-depth interview; group meeting; and questionnaire to the 33 participants. Finally, the research revealed six criteria for the significance assessment of cultural heritage in Medan derived from five values: history, physical design or architecture, cultural and spiritual, scientific, and social.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis Konfigurasi dengan biaya terendah, Just In Time (JIT) dan fleksibility pada rantai pasokan pada pasar tradisional dan modern oleh produsen, pedagang kecil, pedagang besar dan pedagang perantara untuk saluran rantai pasokan dari Minahasa Selatan pada kecamatan Modoinding (sentra komoditi sayur) ke wilayah kota Manado melalui pelanggan pasar tradisional dan pasar modern. Metode pengolahan dan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan membagi tiga jenis sayur yaitu Kentang, kubis dan tomat. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara proporsive sampling yaitu pada kabupaten Minahasa Selatan kecamatan Modoinding dan kota Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya logistik terendah pada pasar tradisional dan modern terdapat pada konfigurasi II (Petani – Pedagang Pengumpul Kecil – Pasar), JIT berdasarkan waktu tunggu terendah untuk pasar tradisional dan modern yaitu pada Konfigurasi II, dan Konfigurasi III (Petani – Pedagang Pengumpul Besar – Pasar), sedangkan untuk fleksibility pada konfigurasi III merupakan yang tertinggi untuk pasar tradisional dan modern.

Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The experts were a shariah advisor, a corporate finance manager, and a senior executive at the central bank. Findings indicate that policyholders' expectations on their investments are met and the products so far compatible with takaful operators' investment strategies.

Problem utama yang didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini adalah hubungan Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan perspektif historis, hubungan Islam dan Pancasila mengalami perdebatan, sebagian kelompok menghendaki pancasila tidak bisa dijadikan dasar negara dan kelompok yang lain menerima pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Dalam pandangan penulis, kelompok yang tidak bisa menerima pancasila sebagai dasar negara masih ada di era reformasi. Hal ini nampak dalam beberapa gerakan ormas atau partai politik yang masih secara masif kampanye anti pancasila dan pada titik tertentu menggunakan cara-cara kekerasan. Proyek politik anti pancasila ini yang oleh penulis disebut dengan nalar syariatik yang hanya bersifat utopia.Kata kunci: Islam, Pancasila, Syari’ah dan Demokrasi

Population increase in adolescence are associated with increased overweight and obesity problems. If this problem not early intervention will have an impact on increasing hypertension prevalence and risk of death. This research aimed to explain the consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescent to hypertension in adults. The study used Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data with a retrospective cohort study. Adolescent BMI measurements on 2007 and the risk of hypertension on 2014. Population are all adolescents aged 10-20 years in 2007. Sample of 1,697 adolescent who randomly IFLS 2007 with the inclusion criteria: biological children and a single birth, children living with biological parents, children remain alive until adulthood on 2014. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The study found 8.1% women and 5.6% men were overweight and obes. In adulthood, there was a 45.4% incidence of hypertension. Incidence of hypertension in men (67.3%) more than women (26.8%). The multivariate model showed adolescence BMI affects the blood pressure after controlled the BMI adult, adolescence blood pressure, area of residence, and gender.Gender interacts with adolescence BMI. The risk of hypertension in adulthood based on overweight and obese in adolescent boys is 3 times and girls is 2 times.

Protective and risk factors are important in reducing vulnerability towards drug abuse among adolescents. This study, therefore, aims to explore gender differences in such vulnerability in high-risk areas identified by the National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia. The study employs a survey design, with questionnaires distributed to 213 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The researchers developed the questionnaire and comprised five parts: the demographic profile, interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, social support, and mental health. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show no significant gender differences in interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, and mental health. However, there was a significant difference in social support based on gender, with females showing a higher mean than males. These findings imply the importance of identifying the relevant factors to prevent early involvement in drug abuse.

This study explores how female director(s) affect the decision to pay dividend in the sub-Saharan Africa. The study specifically employs non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market from 2009-2015 and logit regression as the technique for data analysis. The independent variable of interest in the study is female director. Consistent with the hypothesis, the study found strong association that firms with at least one female director on board are more likely to affect the payment of dividends. The findings subsist after the commencement of the 2011 CCG and when firms with negative earnings were excluded from the main sample. Furthermore, the results do not change when the model was re-estimated using an alternative measure of female director as well as using OLS regression.