• Publicationsclose

Abstract In integrated Photovoltaic (PV) systems, integrating the back side of the PV module with building wall insulate it from the surrounding air causing a dramatically increase of the PV temperature. The increase of the PV temperature causes a substantial decrease of its efficiency and output power. The idea of the present work is the investigation of the thermal regulation and efficiency enhancement of PV-building integrated system using phase change materials (PCM) and Al2O3 nanoparticles. The approach of the study is experimentally testing three separate PV modules integrated with building wall, pure PCM and PCM/Al2O3 nanoparticles compound at the same time and location. Temperatures distributions, open-circuit voltage, short- circuit current, output power and the modules efficiencies were recorded and analyzed. The results show that (i) integrating the PCM to the back side of the integrate PV modules regulates the module temperature and improves its efficiency, (ii) adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to the PCM further increase the possibility of the temperature regulation and the thermal efficiency of the integrated modules, and (iii) integrating the PV with pure PCM and enhanced PCM by nanoparticles can drop the temperature of the modules by 8.1 and 10.6 °C and increase its efficiency by 5.7 and 13.2%, respectively.

In the present work, Au-Si eutectic layer was used to enhance the electrical conductivity/electron field emission (EFE) properties of Au-ion implanted ultrananocrystalline diamond (Au-UNCD) films grown on Si substrates. The electrical conductivity was improved to a value of 230 (Ω cm)−1, and the EFE properties was enhanced reporting a low turn-on field of 2.1 V/μm with high EFE current density of 5.3 mA/cm2 (at an applied field of 4.9 V/μm) for the Au-UNCD films. The formation of SiC phase circumvents the formation of amorphous carbon prior to the nucleation of diamond on Si substrates. Consequently, the electron transport efficiency of the UNCD-to-Si interface increases, thereby improving the conductivity as well as the EFE properties. Moreover, the salient feature of these processes is that the sputtering deposition of Au-coating for preparing the Au-Si interlayer, the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process for growing the UNCD films, and the Au-ion implantation process for inducing...

6-Aroyl-7-arylindolo[3,4-jk]phenanthridin-5(4H)-ones (2a–i) were synthesized by heating 3-(2-aryl-2-oxoethylidene)-2,3-dihydroindol-2-ones (1a–i) in DMF. Compounds 2a–i are formed via the dimerization of two molecules of unsaturated ketones 1a–i proceeding as the [2+4] cycloaddition through the formation of intermediate spiro adducts. The further Pfitzinger rearrangement, decarboxylation, and heteroaromatization afford compounds 2a–i. The structures of the reaction products were established by spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction.

The paper contains a discussion of the necessity for making relatively elaborate provisions for sound control and isolation of broadcast studios, particularly studio groups as large and complex as the NBC studios at Radio City. A description is given of the methods of isolating a studio from those adjacent and also from surrounding spaces; of sound control and isolation details of windows, doorways, vestibules, foyers, corridors, electric light and power wiring, and the installation of isolating partitions. The paper also contains a discussion of the control of noise in an air conditioning system; layout and isolation of duct work; choice of sound absorbing material and manner of installation in duct work; design and choice of air velocities in supply and return outlets; and isolation of rotating machinery. A discussion is also given of anticipated noise levels and those obtaining after the completion of the installation.

New vecTwin System was newly developed with improvemens based on customer's opinion since previous VecTwin system was introduced once on Journal of The MESJ Vol.29, No.9 in 1994.In this paper, the outline of New VecTwin system is explained and the improvements from the old one and thier effects are sxplained too.It can give more easy and simple maneuvering and higher safety of vessels due to establishing of the improved system including Joystick control which is indispensable device for the VecTwin System.And the experience, Opinions and wishes from many captains are reported for this new system and the study items in future are also mentioned at last.As the conclusion, it can be said that this New VecTwin is not so much rudder control system as the total system combined propulsion and maneuvering.And it is expected to contribute shipping society with more salty and econmical operation of vessels and also the reduction of the stress of ship's crews due to the tight work.

Two kinds of sinters made of reduced and atomized iron powders were identified by nonlinear ultrasonic measurement to detect higher harmonics generated at micro gaps comparable to the incident wave amplitude using PZT contact transducers of 5 MHz and 10 MHz. Furthermore, the advantage of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement was demonstrated by the attenuation coefficient measurement for same samples.

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. cytokinin, dry weight, fresh weight, growth stimulant, KIN-Gro, leaf area, plant height, plant hormone, yield SUMMARY. Encouraging results from previous trials on field vegetables led to the expectation that a kinetin foliar spray from the commercial product KIN- Gro (5000 ppm kinetin) on greenhouse vegetables would positively affect their growth and productivity. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of this product on rockwool-grown 'Bodega' cucumber (Cucumis sativus), 'Rapsodie' tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), and '4-Ever' and '444' pepper (Capsicum an- nuum) at the Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ont. Two replicated experiments were con- ducted to study the effect of kinetin spray on growth and production of all three crops: the fi rst in Spring-Summer 2004 and the second in Fall-Winter 2004. Fo- liar sprays of kinetin at 2.5, 5, and 10 ppm concentrations were tested against a water spray (control) on each crop. A 2.5-ppm kinetin spray had benefi cial effects on the growth of cucumber transplants (taller plants and greater leaf area and fresh weight of leaves and stems). Furthermore, this treatment resulted in higher marketable yield in the Spring-Summer crop and in larger fruit size in the Fall- Winter crop. Regression analysis showed that cucumber marketable yield had an overall quadratic response to kinetin spray concentration in Spring-Summer season maximizing at 5.1 ppm kinetin. Kinetin spray also had benefi cial effects on the growth of tomato seedlings, but not on yield. On the other hand, signifi - cant benefi cial effects were observed on the growth of pepper seedlings and on marketable yield and fruit quality. Regression analysis showed that the response of pepper marketable yield to kinetin spray concentration was positive and linear. It must be noted that, given the rather short-term nature of our experiments, the observed benefi cial effects of the kinetin sprays on yield can only be interpreted as benefi cial effects on early yield rather than on the total yield. We concluded that under our growing conditions, cucumber production would benefi t from a dilute (2.5 ppm) kinetin spray, and pepper production from a high concentration spray (10 ppm); tomato transplant growth will also benefi t from a kinetin spray at 2.5 ppm. The results of this study could be of considerable signifi cance to the greenhouse vegetable industry.