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Drugs are often associated with intoxicants. In the context of fiqih drugs usually dikiaskan to prohibition of wine. However, in line with the development of contemporary medical science, the works of the new fiqh also mention and emphasize that the effects of damage also have its own influence in relation to drug law. This study aims to explore and analyze the trends of contemporary jurisprudence works in explaining their backs in relating the status of Sharia law values to drug abuse. This study uses qualitative methods. The data obtained from these works were analyzed and made comparisons. A number of 10 contemporary works that discuss drug law and the reasons for its prohibition have been used in this study. The study concluded that the works agreed that drug abuse is haram according to the Shari'a. All activities related to drug abuse such as planting, processing, owning, buying or selling permits used to cooperate with its misuse are haram. Likewise, in terms of its proofing proposition, all works tend to see it is based on the kias to the wine based on the argument that drugs are potentially intoxicating. The works only mention the destructive aspect without emphasizing it as an important basis for the prohibition of drug abuse. This is certainly not in accordance with the reality of the threat of drugs that not only grab the function of the intellect alone, even damaging the five-five main objectives of Islamic law, namely religion, life, intellect, descent and wealth. Hence the affirmation of the restrictive section needs to be emphasized in an effort to ensure fair drug abuse is prevented and handled more seriously in order to ensure the well-being of the ummah is maintained.

Penentuan koordinat kanonik merupakan hal yang diperlukan dalam penentuan solusi persamaan diferensial dengan menggunakan metode simetri Lie. Pada tulisan ini dibahas penentuan koordinat kanonik dari persamaan diferensial Painleve Ince dan mereduksinya menjadi persamaan diferensial orde satu. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan metode simetri Lie dapat digunakan untuk menentukan solusi eksak persamaan diferensial Painleve Ince.

Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The experts were a shariah advisor, a corporate finance manager, and a senior executive at the central bank. Findings indicate that policyholders' expectations on their investments are met and the products so far compatible with takaful operators' investment strategies.

Abstract : Islamic thought has been developing whenever so there are various streams within the legal methodology especially within the fiqh approach which emerged from the Sahabat era such as fiqh 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar, etc and therefore the differences between the Companions has given rise to different tendencies of thought between each other both those belonging to the ahl athar or ahl ra'i groups. The obvious difference is that the tendency of thinking based on maqasidi is colored by ijtihad Umar while the tendency of thinking supported syakli (formalism) is more clearly seen within the fiqh of Abdullah Ibn Umar and these streams are created within supported the legal references employed by every group in order to do Istinbath al - hukm . So, a Fuqaha who always looks at the objectives of Islamic Sharia in conducting legal terminology is spoken as Maqasidi while jurists who always look to the form or format in legal rest are spoken as Syakli . Therefore, during this study, the author is inspired to check and analyze the thoughts of the jurists towards legal methodology supported the flow of maqasidi and also syakli . Abstrak: Pemikiran Islam terus berkembang pada setiap masanya, sehingga telah muncul berbagai macam aliran dalam bidang metodologi hukum, utamanya dalam pendekatan fiqh. Perbedaan tersebut muncul sejak masa Sahabat r.a, seperti ‘Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar dan sebagainya. Perbedaan di kalangan para Sahabat ini telah melahirkan kecenderungan pemikiran yang berbeda di antara mereka baik mereka yang tergolong dalam kelompok ahl athar atau ahl ra’i. Perbedan yang jelas terjadi adalah kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap maqasidi yang diwarnai oleh ijtihad Umar sedangkan kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap syakli (formalisme) lebih jelas terlihat pada fiqh Abdullah Ibn Umar dan aliran-aliran ini merupakan aliran yang dibentuk berdasarkan kepada mashâdir hukum yang digunakan oleh setiap kelompok dalam melakukan istinbath hukum. Seorang fuqaha yang senan­tiasa melihat secara objektif Syariat Islam dalam melakukan istinbath hukum disebut sebagai Maqâsidi . Sedangkan fuqaha yang senantiasa melihat kepada rupa bentuk atau format dalam beristinbat hukum disebut sebagai Syakli . Oleh karena itu, dalam artikel ini ini penulis terdorong untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pemikiran para fuqaha terhadap metodologi hukum berasaskan aliran maqasidi dan juga syakli .

[English]: This study examined the effect of Problem-based Learning (PBL) on students' creative mathematical thinking in Indonesia during the last eight years using meta-analysis. Data were obtained from primary studies published in national journals, conference proceedings, and master thesis from 2012 to 2020. This study analyzed 19 effect sizes from 19 primary studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria. The effect size index used the Hedges' g equation and statistical analysis was assisted by comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. The effect size variation test was conducted by analyzing the study's five characteristics, namely the year of study, level of education, sample size, length of treatment, and publication sources. Based on the analysis results, the overall effect size was 0.821, with a standard error of 0.130 at the 95% confidence interval (CI) referring to the random-effects model. The effect size is classified as moderate, meaning that PBL has a moderately positive effect on students' creative mathematical thinking. The results of the analysis of the characteristics of the study show that the application of PBL to improve students' mathematical creative thinking relates to the research year (Q = 55.683; p <0.05), the treatment duration (Q = 5.644; p <0.05), and publication sources (Q = 13.812; p <0.05). It was found that the PBL was more effective in conditions of treatment duration of fewer than four meetings. There is a tendency that PBL has a significant impact when it is first implemented. The findings' implications are discussed to provide important information as a basic idea for further PBL research and implementation. Keywords: Problem-based learning, Creative thinking, Meta-analysis [Bahasa]: Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh problem-based learning (PBL) terhadap berpikir kreatif matematis siswa di Indonesia selama delapan tahun terakhir melalui meta-analisis. Data diperoleh dari studi primer yang telah dipublikasikan di jurnal nasional, prosiding konferensi, dan tesis master tahun 2012-2020. Penelitian ini menganalisis 19 ukuran efek dari 19 studi primer yang memenuhi kriteria penyertaan. Indeks ukuran efek menggunakan persamaan Hedges' g dan analisis statistik dibantu oleh perangkat lunak comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA). Pengujian variasi ukuran efek dilakukan dengan menganalisis lima karakteristik penelitian yaitu tahun studi, tingkat pendidikan, ukuran sampel, lama perawatan, dan sumber publikasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ukuran efek keseluruhan adalah 0,821, dengan kesalahan standar 0,130 pada interval kepercayaan 95% (CI) menurut model efek acak. Ukuran efek tergolong sedang, artinya penggunaan PBL berpengaruh positif sedang terhadap berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Hasil analisis karakteristik penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PBL untuk meningkatkan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa berkaitan dengan tahun penelitian (Q = 55,683; p <0,05), durasi perlakuan (Q = 5,644; p <0,05) , dan sumber publikasi (Q = 13.812; p <0.05). Ditemukan bahwa PBL lebih efektif pada kondisi durasi perlakuan kurang dari 4 pertemuan. Terdapat kecenderungan bahwa PBL berdampak besar saat pertama kali diterapkan. Implikasi hasil penelitian dibahas untuk memberikan informasi penting sebagai ide dasar untuk penelitian dan implementasi PBL selanjutnya. Kata kunci: Problem-based learning, Berpikir kreatif, Meta-analysis

Introduction: Currently, Culinary becomes a promising business, so does Lamongan Kaliotik Resto, one of the famous restaurant in Lamongan. The high number of customer visits risks the workforce from work fatigue. The demand for production in order to fulfill the consumer needs leads to an excessive workload which is handed to the workers in the Kaliotik Lamongan restaurant. Moreover, high mobility in the food production process potentially creates non-ergonomic work attitudes. Therefore, all of those factors can lead the workers experiencing work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between workload and work attitude with work fatigue at Kaliotik Lamongan Resto workers. Methods: This study was observational descriptive which was done by using cross-sectional. The population in this study was all workers at the Kaliotik Lamongan Resto, which consisted of 13 people who worked in the kitchen and cashier kitchen section. The sampling technique used was the total population technique. Data collection includes physical workload measurements, assessment of work attitude with The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and work fatigue measurements using a reaction timer. The study was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Showed that the workload with work fatigue had a relationship with the strength of the moderate relationship (r = 0.415) and work attitudes with work fatigue showed a low strong relationship (r = 0.389). Conclusion: Excessive workload is the main factor which causes work fatigue in workers, in contrary, work attitude is not a factor of work fatigue.Keywords: physical workload, work attitude, work fatigue

Protective and risk factors are important in reducing vulnerability towards drug abuse among adolescents. This study, therefore, aims to explore gender differences in such vulnerability in high-risk areas identified by the National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia. The study employs a survey design, with questionnaires distributed to 213 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The researchers developed the questionnaire and comprised five parts: the demographic profile, interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, social support, and mental health. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show no significant gender differences in interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, and mental health. However, there was a significant difference in social support based on gender, with females showing a higher mean than males. These findings imply the importance of identifying the relevant factors to prevent early involvement in drug abuse.

Abstract. Nowadays, customer in Indonesia is very selective in selecting smartphone product, remember that many brands enters from several countries in the world. It cases the often changing of customer's buying interest for smartphone product. this study aims to know the impact of country of origin and brand image towards buying interest to smartphone. survey is conducted on 100 customers of PT Coolpad Electronic Indonesia that do buying on smartphone, with the type of study is descriptive and verification through multiple regression analysis. the finding result shows that country of origin has the positive relationship but it does not influence significantly towards buying interest, it is different with brand image. in smartphone industry, obviously country of origin from product is not noticed in Indonesia, it is different with brand image. this strategy is needed especially in Indonesia with full of brands from smartphone . Keywords. cuntry of origin; brand image; purchase intention  Abstrak. Saat ini konsumen di Indonesia sangat selektif  dalam memilih produk smartphone, mengingat banyaknya merek yang masuk dari berbagai negara di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan sering berubahnya minat beli konsumen atas produk smartphone . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari country of origin dan citra merek terhadap minat beli pada smartphone. Survey dilakukan pada 100 konsumen PT Coolpad Electronic Indonesia yang melakukan pembelian smartphone, dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif dan verifikatif melalui analisis regresi berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa country of origin memiliki hubungan yang positif namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli, berbeda dengan citra merek. Pada industri smartphone, ternyata country of origin dari produk tidak diperhatikan di Indonesia, berbeda dengan citra merek. Strategi ini perlu diperhatikan khususnya di Indonesia yang penuh dengan merek dari smartphone. Katakunci. country of origin; citra merek; minat beli

Technological advances have made possible to reduce limitation of space and time in learning. Students can interact with teachers and other students indirectly without face to face meetings through e-learning media. To create effective e-learning media, factors to be mainly considered are multimedia learning principles, one of which is contiguity. Thus, this study was aimed at developing e-learning media with the contiguity principle and examining its quality. The media were tested for measuring its effectiveness by statistically analyzing the differences in students’ learning achievement and motivation. This study was research and development using quasi experimental techniques whose subject is Vocational High School also known as Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The result of this study was e-learning media with the contiguity principle. The feasibility evaluation showed that the product had good quality in the aspects of media and materials. The effectiveness testing showed insignificant differences in learning achievement and motivation between the students using e-learning media with the contiguity principle and without the contiguity principle with the scores of 0.325 and 0.873 respectively.

Intelijen adalah lini pertama dalam pertahanan, yang berfungsi untuk menghindari pendadakan strategis dan memberikan rekomendasi bagi pembuat kebijakan dan pemangku kepentingan. Dalam negara demokrasi, prinsip-prinsip seperti akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan menjunjung tinggi hak-hak asasi manusia, menjadi sebuah benturan dalam prinsip kerahasiaan intelijen. Terlebih pada negara pasca otoriterisme seperti Filipina dan Indonesia, intelijen dijadikan alat pelanggengan rezim, alih-alih instrumen keamanan nasional. Oleh karena itu, kontrol demokratis dalam bentuk pengawasan terhadap komunitas intelijen mutlak dilakukan. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi komunitas intelijen di Filipina dan Indonesia, serta bentuk pengawasan atas komunitas tersebut. Teori yang digunakan adalah model kontrol atau pengawasan Peter Gill, yang mengidentifikasi bentuk kontrol, institusi kontrol, dan institusi pengawas pada internal badan intelijen, cabang eksekutif, badan negara lainnya, dan kelompok masyarakat sipil. Pengumpulan data adalah dari wawancara dan penelusuran dokumentasi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Filipina belum memiliki landasan hukum dan perangkat pengawasan yang memadai untuk memastikan anggaran dan kinerja intelijen akuntabel dan transparan; (2) Indonesia lemah dalam implementasi pengawasan meskipun sudah memiliki perangkat yang cukup memadai; (3) kelompok masyarakat sipil di kedua negara harus didorong agar berperan dalam fungsi pengawasan publik. Kedua negara dapat belajar satu sama lain. Filipina dapat belajar dari Indonesia karena memiliki perangkat regulasi pengawasan yang cukup memadai. Sementara Indonesia perlu memiliki arsitektur dan strategi keamanan nasional yang rigid agar BIN tidak langsung di bawah Presiden.