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Nickel Oxide (NiO) have widely applied in industrial and automotive to forming oxide layer on the substrate due to it have high thermal stability and corrosion resistant. However, NiO was not directly diffused to the substrate via co-precipitation, spray-pyrolysis and sol-gel methods. Therefore, NiO-electroplating was performed in coating FeCrAl substrate by γ-Al2O3 powder. This method was conducted using various time of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes, a current of DC power supply is 1.28A and sulphamate type solution. From the data shows that smallest surface roughness (Ra) of NiO-electroplating (EL) samples located at EL 30 min sample for 0.69 µm. Ra of raw material was lower than coated samples due to it performed by coating activity on the substrate. It supported by coating thickness analysis that treated samples has a higher coating thickness up to 11.3 µm. EDS analysis observed some elements on coated and uncoated samples such as Carbon (C) of 4.62-20.67%, Oxygen (O) of 6.16-19.62%, Nickel (Ni) of 6.76-25.14%, Iron (Fe) of 23.96-48.53%, Sodium (Na) of 2.21-9.95%, Chromium (Cr) of 7.97-15.59% and Aluminum (Al) of 2.17-3.12%. Those elements promote to develop a protective oxide layer on FeCrAl at a high temperature of 1000 0C.

Drugs are often associated with intoxicants. In the context of fiqih drugs usually dikiaskan to prohibition of wine. However, in line with the development of contemporary medical science, the works of the new fiqh also mention and emphasize that the effects of damage also have its own influence in relation to drug law. This study aims to explore and analyze the trends of contemporary jurisprudence works in explaining their backs in relating the status of Sharia law values to drug abuse. This study uses qualitative methods. The data obtained from these works were analyzed and made comparisons. A number of 10 contemporary works that discuss drug law and the reasons for its prohibition have been used in this study. The study concluded that the works agreed that drug abuse is haram according to the Shari'a. All activities related to drug abuse such as planting, processing, owning, buying or selling permits used to cooperate with its misuse are haram. Likewise, in terms of its proofing proposition, all works tend to see it is based on the kias to the wine based on the argument that drugs are potentially intoxicating. The works only mention the destructive aspect without emphasizing it as an important basis for the prohibition of drug abuse. This is certainly not in accordance with the reality of the threat of drugs that not only grab the function of the intellect alone, even damaging the five-five main objectives of Islamic law, namely religion, life, intellect, descent and wealth. Hence the affirmation of the restrictive section needs to be emphasized in an effort to ensure fair drug abuse is prevented and handled more seriously in order to ensure the well-being of the ummah is maintained.

National audience

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is a prospective approach in modeling weather parameters based on learning from historical data used. This study presented the comparison of tropospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) between ANFIS and Global Positioning System (GPS) for areas in Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. The PWV value was estimated with the ANFIS model with the surface meteorological data as inputs. The accuracy of PWV from ANFIS has been validated with PWV from GPS measurements for the period of 2010. The result showed that the ANFIS PWV has a similar trend with the GPS PWV (r = 0.999 at the 99% confidence level) and found a difference of 0.024%. The PWV from ANFIS was calculated 0.035% higher compared to GPS PWV and found a similar character in two seasonal monsoons. This indicates that the PWV obtained with ANFIS model agreed very well with GPS measurements and it can be implemented to monitor atmospheric variability as well as climate change studies in the absence of GPS data

International audience

Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The experts were a shariah advisor, a corporate finance manager, and a senior executive at the central bank. Findings indicate that policyholders' expectations on their investments are met and the products so far compatible with takaful operators' investment strategies.

Population increase in adolescence are associated with increased overweight and obesity problems. If this problem not early intervention will have an impact on increasing hypertension prevalence and risk of death. This research aimed to explain the consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescent to hypertension in adults. The study used Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data with a retrospective cohort study. Adolescent BMI measurements on 2007 and the risk of hypertension on 2014. Population are all adolescents aged 10-20 years in 2007. Sample of 1,697 adolescent who randomly IFLS 2007 with the inclusion criteria: biological children and a single birth, children living with biological parents, children remain alive until adulthood on 2014. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The study found 8.1% women and 5.6% men were overweight and obes. In adulthood, there was a 45.4% incidence of hypertension. Incidence of hypertension in men (67.3%) more than women (26.8%). The multivariate model showed adolescence BMI affects the blood pressure after controlled the BMI adult, adolescence blood pressure, area of residence, and gender.Gender interacts with adolescence BMI. The risk of hypertension in adulthood based on overweight and obese in adolescent boys is 3 times and girls is 2 times.

International audience; Hatchery managers and maintaining genetic diversity and fitness population in endangered and threatened species in pond is a important and difficult thing to do. But is must to do for conservation biology. Fitness and structure population depends on effective breeding number (Ne) and population connectivity between each other. The second most important thing is gene flow and genetic drift. Ne is major role in the maintenance of genetic diversity as indicator for inbreeding depresion and genetic drift. We sampled 6 hatchery in Jakarta and Bekasi Indonesia region and used 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci to quantify population genetic structure. Result in this study are, each farm have different methode. The old farmers is bapakGusi and bapakHasan (+30 years). Ne in bapakHasan and bapakGusi hatcheryis 66,667 and F value is 0,00749 and loosing allele (P) is 0,26183. Compared with younger farmers bapakYahya (5 years) have Ne = 133,333, F = 0,00375 and P = 0,06855. Even though hatchery bapakHasan and bapakGusi have the same value Ne, F and P but the result in population structure they are different founder populations. Hatchery bapakHasan have unique structure and alleles composition compared with other hatchery.; Manajemen hatchery penting untuk mempertahankan keragaman genetik dan kebugaran populasi dari spesies langka dan terancam punah di pembudidaya dan hal ini sulit dilakukan, tetapi menjadi keharusan untuk biologi konservasi. Kebugaran dan struktur populasi tergantung pada efektif breeding number (Ne) dan konektivitas populasi antara satu sama lain serta aliran gen dan pergeseran genetik. Ne memiliki peran utama dalam pemeliharaan keanekaragaman genetik dan sebagai indikator terjadinya inbreeding dan pergeseran genetik. Terdapat 6 hatchery sampel di wilayah Jakarta dan Bekasi Indonesia dengan menggunakan 12 lokus mikrosatelit polimorfik untuk mengukur struktur genetik populasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing hatchery memiliki metode yang berbeda. Pembudidaya paling lama adalah bapak Gusi dan bapak Hasan (30 tahun). Ne di hatchery bapak Hasan dan bapak Gusi adalah 66.667 dan nilai F adalah 0,00749 dan nilai kehilangan alel (P) adalah 0,26183. Dibandingkan dengan pembudidaya bapak Yahya (5 tahun) memiliki Ne = 133.333, F = 0,00375 dan P = 0,06855. Meskipun penetasan di hatchery bapak Hasan dan bapak Gusi memiliki nilai Ne, F dan P yang sama, tetapi hasil struktur populasinya adalah populasi pendiri yang berbeda. Hatcheri bapak Hasan memiliki struktur yang unik dan komposisi alel dibandingkan dengan pembenihan lainnya.

Abstract : Islamic thought has been developing whenever so there are various streams within the legal methodology especially within the fiqh approach which emerged from the Sahabat era such as fiqh 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar, etc and therefore the differences between the Companions has given rise to different tendencies of thought between each other both those belonging to the ahl athar or ahl ra'i groups. The obvious difference is that the tendency of thinking based on maqasidi is colored by ijtihad Umar while the tendency of thinking supported syakli (formalism) is more clearly seen within the fiqh of Abdullah Ibn Umar and these streams are created within supported the legal references employed by every group in order to do Istinbath al - hukm . So, a Fuqaha who always looks at the objectives of Islamic Sharia in conducting legal terminology is spoken as Maqasidi while jurists who always look to the form or format in legal rest are spoken as Syakli . Therefore, during this study, the author is inspired to check and analyze the thoughts of the jurists towards legal methodology supported the flow of maqasidi and also syakli . Abstrak: Pemikiran Islam terus berkembang pada setiap masanya, sehingga telah muncul berbagai macam aliran dalam bidang metodologi hukum, utamanya dalam pendekatan fiqh. Perbedaan tersebut muncul sejak masa Sahabat r.a, seperti ‘Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar dan sebagainya. Perbedaan di kalangan para Sahabat ini telah melahirkan kecenderungan pemikiran yang berbeda di antara mereka baik mereka yang tergolong dalam kelompok ahl athar atau ahl ra’i. Perbedan yang jelas terjadi adalah kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap maqasidi yang diwarnai oleh ijtihad Umar sedangkan kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap syakli (formalisme) lebih jelas terlihat pada fiqh Abdullah Ibn Umar dan aliran-aliran ini merupakan aliran yang dibentuk berdasarkan kepada mashâdir hukum yang digunakan oleh setiap kelompok dalam melakukan istinbath hukum. Seorang fuqaha yang senan­tiasa melihat secara objektif Syariat Islam dalam melakukan istinbath hukum disebut sebagai Maqâsidi . Sedangkan fuqaha yang senantiasa melihat kepada rupa bentuk atau format dalam beristinbat hukum disebut sebagai Syakli . Oleh karena itu, dalam artikel ini ini penulis terdorong untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pemikiran para fuqaha terhadap metodologi hukum berasaskan aliran maqasidi dan juga syakli .

Dokumen ini ditujukan untuk para peneliti, pengawas penelitian lapangan dan enumerator yang memerlukan panduan dalam menyusun peta dengan partisipasi masyarakat lokal. Dokumen ini merupakan bagian dari Studi Komparatif Global mengenai REDD+ (GCS REDD+) yang dilakukan CIFOR dengan dukungan dana dari sejumlah donor. Pemetaan partisipatoris merupakan sebuah cara untuk mendokumentasikan pemanfaatan dan kepemilikan lahan lintas kawasan. Pemetaan partisipatoris juga merupakan cara untuk mempelajari persepsi lokal mengenai bentang alam, dan perspektif lokal mengenai hutan dan manajemen lahan. Panduan teknis ini disusun berdasarkan pengalaman panjang CIFOR dalam menggunakan pemetaan partisipatoris dalam penelitian. Dalam GCS REDD+, pelaksanaan pemetaan partisipatoris dilakukan di tingkat desa melalui diskusi kelompok terpimpin dalam mempelajari batas desa, kepemilikan lahan, kawasan sengketa, akses, dan pasar. Peta dasar dikembangkan dari citra satelit sebelum turun ke lapangan. Peta akhir didigitalisasikan agar kawasan yang dipilah berdasarkan kategori pemanfaatan lahan, tutupan lahan, dan kepemilikan lahan dapat diekstraksi untuk analisis lanjutan. Peta partisipatoris digunakan untuk membangun pemahaman bersama mengenai teritorial dengan penduduk desa dan pemangku kepentingan lokal lainnya.