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The majority of all organizations are small and middle size companies in Lithuania. Information technologies are one of the most important parts of enterprise even if IT is not core business. It’s needed to support company’s information systems in order to achieve high effectiveness of IT. The goal of this work is to propose IT support recommendations orientated to small and middle size Lithuanian companies. The recommendations are based on ITIL, CobiT and quality management standard ISO 9001:2000. This work presents support stages and required software for collecting and storing needed information and monitoring the system’s performance. This software can perform described tasks with minimum consumption of resources. Proposed recommendations are not related to core business and organization’s IT. They can be applied by organizations with support they IT by themselves and by IT support outsourcing companies.

Prosthetic vascular graft infection remains a great challenge in vascular surgery. Unsuccessful treatment of vascular prosthesis infection often results in limb amputations and death. A conservative treatment option – local wound irrigation with antiseptic solutions – it not yet a well established treatment method in clinical practice. Novel experimental in vitro and in vivo models of vascular graft infection were designed and disscussed in this dissertation. Three antiseptic solutions: 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride, 10% povidone-iodine and 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate, routinelly used in clinical practice, were used in the experiments. The experiments were performed with a woven polyester vascular graft, infected by biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains. In vitro experiments were designed to test antiseptics’ biofilm-disrupting activity and antimicrobial efficacy in a simulated wound environment. An innovative model of infected vascular graft was designed to test antiseptics’ ability to remove S. aureus biofilms from the surface of the vascular graft. In vivo experiments with Wistar rats were designed to evaluate antiseptics’ efficacy to treat prosthetic vascular graft infection by daily wound irrigations. The efficacy of different antiseptic solutions and the duration of the treatment needed to eradicate S. aureus from the wounds was evaluated and cytological and histological analysis of the perigraft tissues was performed.

Gender discrimination case law of European Court of Justice established fundamental principles and influenced both the jurisprudence and case law of the examining discrimination cases on gender and other discrimination grounds. In the paper, the concept of direct discrimination formulated in the Race and Occupation equality directives applied under them, later taken by other directives and national law, is analyzed. Lithuania, the same as the other Member States, defined the direct discrimination concept in the way as it was formulated in the directives. The content of the prohibition of discrimination depends on the content of equality. There is a difference between formal and substantive equality—the implementation of formal and substantive equality is reflected in the case law of the ECJ and national courts. Direct discrimination is one of the discrimination forms and it is distinguished as the prime form of discrimination. As was stated in the early case law of the EJC, direct discrimination is not always overt. The covert form of direct discrimination is becoming more common. These elements of direct discrimination can be enumerated—the symmetric structure of the concept, which shows the equal protection of both majority and minority of people; comparison, which shows the requirement to compare as many similar situations as possible to less favourable treatment due to dependence on discrimination grounds consolidated in the law; and the possibility to justify direct discrimination if only there are narrow exceptions consolidated in the law. The problem of comparison of situations is often faced by courts. There is no criterion that could direct a proper comparison in discrimination cases. The requirement to compare with other persons in a similar situation allows comparison of real situations and the possibility to compare situations in the past and hypothetical situations. The law omissions authorise courts to use the instrument of comparison flexibly, so consequently the problem of impartiality and incoherence of implementation of non-discrimination law can be raised. As the main element in examining the fact of direct discrimination, the element of comparison is criticised in present scientific papers because it is desirable but not a necessary element. It is considered that the main element in examining the fact of direct discrimination is less favourable treatment—it can be established following the criterion only of exceptional feature. There has to be a direct link between less favourable treatment and the grounds of discrimination consolidated in the law. The practice of stereotypes is widely considered as form of direct discrimination. The perpetrator’s aim and purpose to discriminate is not a necessary condition of liability even if the respondent appeal on the customers is money saving or conflict avoiding. Examining the basis of justifying direct discrimination, the justifications, exceptions, and exclusions are distinguished. Exceptions that can justify direct discrimination are finitive and narrow. Lithuanian law prohibits direct discrimination justification apart from narrow exceptions consolidated in the legislation. One of the exceptions that is consolidated in the legislation is the necessary and genuine occupational requirements that must be proportional and lawful. Gausi Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktika diskriminacijos dėl lyties bylose suformavo pagrindinius principus ir padarė įtaką jurisprudencijai bei teismų praktikai nagrinėjant diskriminacijos bylas ir kitais pagrindais (rasės, amžiaus, lytinės orientacijos ir kt.). Straipsnyje analizuojama Rasės lygybės bei Užimtumo lygybės direktyvų pagrindu suformuluota ir taikoma tiesioginės diskriminacijos samprata, vėliau perimta kitų direktyvų ir nacionalinių valstybių teisės aktų. Lietuva, kaip ir kitos valstybės narės, perkėlė Direktyvų nuostatas iš esmės atkartodama tiesioginės diskriminacijos apibrėžimą. Straipsnyje analizuojami tiesioginės diskriminacijos sąvokos elementai: simetriškumas, palyginimas, mažiau palankus elgesys, galimybė pateisinti tiesioginę diskriminaciją. Atskleidžiant tiesioginės diskriminacijos sampratą, remiamasi Europos Teisingumo Teismo ir nacionalinių teismų praktika. Straipsnio pirmoje dalyje pateikiamas tiesioginės diskriminacijos santykis su bendra diskriminacijos sąvoka, diskriminacijos ir lygybės santykis. Antroje straipsnio dalyje nagrinėjami tiesioginės diskriminacijos sąvokos elementai: simetriškumas ir palyginimas, mažiau palankus elgesys. Vertinama tikslo ir motyvo reikšmė tiesioginės diskriminacijos bylose, hipotetinio palyginimo galimybė, tiesioginės diskriminacijos pateisinimas.

The use of special knowledge is very important part of crime investigation. One of the most common form of the usage of special knowledge is the forensic examination. Findings and results of expertise are showed in the act of forensic examination – it is the type of scientific evidence. Final evaluation of evidence is process when judge forms his inner confidence about all evidences including results of forensic examination by testing their relevance and reliability. Evaluation of forensic examination act is based on the same principles as of other evidences and is performed following general rules of the code of criminal procedure. Main principles of evidence evaluation are: admissibility of evidence; reliability of evidence and value of evidence. At first the act is being valued separately and afterwards in the environment of other evidence. Correct determination by court of subjective and objective factors when evaluating expert‘s findings is one of the main guarantees the truth in the case will be disclosed. In the judgement we can see only the fundamental aspects of evaluation of the forensic examination. If the forensic examination act is clear and its validity is not questioned by the parties of the process, only facts or findings that were defined by the expert are named in the judgement and the procedure of the evaluation is not mentioned. Appellants usually call into question expert‘s non-assertive findings, while a court responds that the findings ought to be evaluated together with the other evidence, which in its entirety prove the legitimacy of expert‘s findings.

The dissertation presents Internet of Things applications development by using product line methodologies. The Internet of Things means highly heterogeneous worldwide network of uniquely addressable interconnected objects. Almost an infinity number of applications can be implemented by using the technologies of Internet of Things. There are several main Internet of Things applications which span across numerous application domains: smart energy, smart health, smart buildings, smart transport, smart industry and smart city. Typically, security/privacy, energy-awareness and environmental factors represent the major constraints in Internet of Things applications. The aim of the thesis is the development of internet of Things applications in problematic domain(s) by using product line methodologies while accounting for Internet of Things applications, challenges: the complexity of requirements (security, energy consumption), the heterogeneity of technology, and the factor of environment. The dissertation presents the Internet of Things applications development methods based on feature models. The prosed methods was used to implement the Internet of Things based healthcare application, which performs measurements of vital information about humans and sends this information for further processing. Disertaciniame darbe pristatomas daiktų interneto sistemų kūrimas naudojant produktų šeimos metodologijas. Daiktų internetas yra visą pasaulį apimantis labai heterogeniškas tinklas, kuris apjungia unikaliai adresuojamus objektus. Naudojant daiktų interneto technologijas, galima sukurti beveik begalinį skaičių įvairiausių sistemų. Daiktų interneto sistemos yra suskirstytos į keletą pagrindinių sričių, kuriose gali būti įgyvendinamos sistemos: išmanūs miestai, išmanusis transportas, išmanūs pastatai, išmanioji energija, išmanioji pramonė, išmanioji sveikos apsauga. Pagrindiniai daiktų interneto sistemų ribojimai yra saugumas/privatumas, energijos vartojimas ir aplinkos veiksniai. Disertacijos darbo tikslas – daiktų interneto sistemų kūrimas probleminėje srityje naudojant produktų šeimos metodologijas, atsižvelgiant į daiktų interneto sistemų kūrimo iššūkius: reikalavimų kompleksiškumas (saugumas, energijos vartojimas), technologijų heterogeniškumas ir aplinkos faktoriai. Disertacijoje yra pristatytas pasiūlytas daiktų interneto sistemų kūrimo metodas pagrįstas požymių modeliais. Pasiūlytas metodas buvo panaudotas kuriant žmogaus sveikatos parametrų stebėjimo sistemą.

Magistro darbe yra suformuluota statistinės procesų kontrolės efektyvaus taikymo problema, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti įvairių Lietuvos bei užsienio autorių teoriniai ir praktiniai statistinės procesų kontrolės taikymo metodai, ieškota bendrų sąsajų tarp statistinės procesų kontrolės metodų panaudojimo ir kokybės sąnaudų valdymo, siekiant pagerinti gaminamos produkcijos kokybę šiuolaikinėje gamybos aplinkoje. This master‘s work deals with effective applying of processes of statistical control, analyses and generalizes theoretical and practical methods of processes of statistical control by Lithuanian and foreign authors, seeks common ties between applying methods of processes of statistical control and management of quality input in order to improve the quality of production in modern producing environment.

The disputed transactions of a legal entity create, change or cancel the civil rights and obligations of a legal entity until the interested parties decide to challenge it. The transaction is the main basis for the emergence of civil rights and obligations for the company, through which a legal entity participates in civil turnover and ensures business continuity. The peculiarity of the disputed transaction is that it is valid and produces legal consequences until the person concerned decides to contest the conluded transactions and to eliminate the legal consequences og concluding such a transaction. In addition, interested parties may also approve such a transaction. The legal bases established by the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania ar not all intended to challenge the transactions concluded by a legal entity. Therefore, it is important to analyze the specifics of the legal bases established by the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania when disputing the transactions concluded by the company. For example, transactions entered into as a result of economic pressure or fraud can be challenged only by the parties to the transaction and claims for damages, but a transaction contrary to the legality of the legal entity can be challenged not only by the parties but also by the founder and participant of the legal entity and insolvency proceedings - administrator. It should be noted that both the legal bases established by the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania and the case law restrict the contestation of transactions concluded by the company by imposing additional conditions, which proving the transaction may be declared invalid. The institute of invalidity of transactions particularly clearly reflects the attitude of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania to protect conscientious persons. By declaring a transaction invalid, which is contrary to the legitimacy of the legal person, the over-authorized representative to challenge the transaction and the fraudulent transaction must prove that the counterparty was unfair because there is a presumption of good faith in civil law. It is only through the creditor's special remedy, the actio Pauliana, that an exception to the principle of good faith is established and that there is a presumption of unfairness.

Research aim- to investigate the management of food safety in a vegan production studio “Maistas“, Ltd. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and research. The theoretical part has analysed the sources about healthy nutrition, veganism, the materials used for vegan pancakes with tofu and mushrooms and their benefits and peculiarities. The activity of “Maistas”, Ltd has been analysed in the research part of the thesis, the recipe of vegan pancaked with tofu and champignons has been created, laboratory food tests have been carried out and described, the possible risk factors have been set, important administrative points and preventive means have been anticipated, the flow chart has been created and the nutritional value has been estimated. Economic calculations of the new product have been performed. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas - ištirti maisto saugos valdymą veganiškų gaminių studijoje UAB „Maistas“. Darbas susideda iš dviejų dalių: teorinės ir tiriamosios. Teorinėje dalyje buvo išnagrinėti šaltiniai apie sveiką mitybą, veganizmą, naudojamas žaliavas veganiškų lietinių su tofu ir pievagrybiais gamybai, jų naudą ir savybes. Tiriamojoje baigiamojo darbo dalyje analizuojama UAB ,,Maistas‘‘ veikla, sukurta veganiškiems lietiniams su tofu ir pievagrybiais receptūra, atlikti ir aprašyti laboratoriniai maisto tyrimai, nustatyti galimi rizikos veiksniai, numatyti svarbūs valdymo taškai ir prevencinės priemonės, sudaryta srauto diagrama, apskaičiuota maistinė vertė. Atlikti naujo gaminio ekonominiai skaičiavimai.

Baigiamajame darbe tiriamas daţninės pavaros su greičio grįţtamuoju ryšiu sudarymas ir valdymas. Įvade išnagrinėjami asinchroninių variklių privalumai. Aptariama daţnio keitiklių svarba asinchroninių variklių valdyme. Informacijos šaltinių analizės dalyje nagrinėjama dažnio keitiklių sandara, jų valdymo būdai, impulso ploto moduliacijos metodas. Projektinėje dalyje aptariamas naudojamas dažnio keitiklis „PowerFlex 70“ jo parametrai ir parametrų nustatymo būdai, pavaros sujungimas. Išnagrinėtas darbo stendas, jame naudojami įtaisai. Tiriamojoje dalyje dažninė pavara valdoma keturiais skirtingais metodais: vektoriniu valdymu be grįžtamojo ryšio, energijos taupymo, slydimo kompensavimo ir PI reguliatoriaus greičio grįžtamojo ryšio. Šie valdymo būdai yra palyginami pavarai dirbant vienodais dažniais ir didėjant jos apkrovai. Išbandomas pavaros srovės ribojimas. Tiriamas PI reguliatoriaus su greičio grįžtamuoju ryšiu veikimas priklausomai nuo reguliatoriaus parametrų. The final project presents variable frequency inverter drive with speed feedback control and design. In the preface of this project alternating current and variable frequency inverter importance are described. In the source of information analytic part variable frequency inverter structure and its control methods are analyzed. Pulse width modulation is described. In the design part variable frequency inverter PowerFlex 70, its parameters, parameters setup methods and drive connections are described. Work equipment and devices are analyzed. In the work investigation portion frequency drive is controlled by four different methods: open-loop vector control, energy saving, slips compensation and PI regulator with speed feedback. All control methods are compared while the drive works with the same frequency and its load is increasing. Current limitation is tested. PI regulators parameters influence to drive control are analyzed.

Advances in technology have made a huge impact on our daily lives. The amount of digital data is increasing and companies, organizations, popular brands have too much data to process for humans alone. One of the places that have the potential to have such data are call centers. Many people interact with call centers daily to meet the problems and needs they face. However, that information is presented in digital natural human language, and it is extremely complex and diverse, making language processing and comprehension difficult. This work will aim to define what digital natural language processing is, indicating its advantages and disadvantages, describe how popular social platforms exploit digital natural language processing, review algorithms for digital natural language processing, apply the obtained analysis, while developing a prototype analyzing real call center records, to make recommendations for call center record analysis.