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International audience; Since 2017, the goal of the two-million song WASABI database has been to build a knowledge graph linking collected metadata (artists,discography, producers, dates, etc.) with metadata generated by the analysis of both the songs’ lyrics (topics, places, emotions, structure, etc.) and audio signal (chords, sound, etc.). It relies on natural language processing and machine learning methods for extraction, and semantic Web frameworks for representation and integration. It describes more than 2 millions commercial songs, 200K albums and 77K artists. It can be exploited by music search engines, music professionals (e.g. journalists, radio presenters, music teachers) or scientists willing to analyze popular music published since 1950. It is available under an open license, inmultiple formats and with online and open source services including aninteractive navigator, a REST API and a SPARQL endpoint.

We study an annealed model of Uniform Infinite Planar Quadrangulation (UIPQ) with an infinite two-sided self-avoiding walk (SAW), which can also be described as the result of glueing together two independent uniform infinite quadrangulations of the half-plane (UIHPQs). We prove a lower bound on the displacement of the SAW which, combined with the estimates of [15], shows that the self-avoiding walk is diffusive. As a byproduct this implies that the volume growth exponent of the lattice in question is 4 (as is the case for the standard UIPQ); nevertheless, using our previous work [9] we show its law to be singular with respect to that of the standard UIPQ, that is – in the language of statistical physics – the fact that disorder holds.

Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI-CA) allows two parties, each holding a set of items, to learn the size of the intersection of those sets without revealing any additional information. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first protocol that allows one of the parties to delegate PSI-CA computation to untrusted servers. At the heart of our delegated PSI-CA protocol is a new oblivious distributed key PRF (Odk-PRF) abstraction, which may be of independent interest.

à paraitre; International audience; We present and compare various types of discretizations which have been proposed to approximate the total variation (mostly, of a grey-level image in two dimensions). We discuss the properties of finite differences and finite elements based approach and compare their merits, in particular in terms of error estimates and quality of the reconstruction.

Abstract The serotonergic system plays a key modulatory role in the brain. This system is critical in many drug developments for brain disorders via interactions with the 14 subtypes of 5-HT receptors or through reuptake blockade. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an efficient tool for in vivo studies of physiological and pathological processes. Because of its pertinent radiochemical properties, fluorine-18 is one of the most used radioisotopes in PET imaging. This chapter will propose an overview of the 18F-radioligands targeting serotonin receptors, which have been developed over the last few years. Both radiosyntheses and pharmacological properties of these radiotracers will be described, with a specific emphasis on their potential medical applications.

Multiple theories of working memory are described in the chapters of this book and often these theories are viewed as being mutually incompatible, yet each is associated with a supporting body of empirical evidence. This chapter argues that many of these differences reflect different research questions, different levels of explanation, and differences in how participants perform their assigned tasks in different laboratories, rather than fundamental theoretical adversity. It describes a version of a multiple component working memory in which a range of specialized cognitive functions (or mental tools) act in concert, giving the impression, at a different level of explanation, of a unified cognitive system. The chapter argues that more rapid and more substantial scientific progress on the understanding of the concept of working memory would be achieved through identifying the levels of explanation explored within each theoretical framework, and attempting to integrate theoretical frameworks rather than perpetuating debate with no clear resolution in sight.

International audience; ”Nothing in Biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution.” This famous citation of Theodosius Dobzhansky also underlies the integrative field of evolutionary medicine, which faces the challenge to combine (patho-)physiological mechanisms with evolutionary function. Here we introduce a concept from the study of animal behaviour, which are the four questions of Tinbergen that consider 1) the ontogeny of an individual describing its development, 2) its physiological machinery, which 3) has fitness consequences influencing 4) the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of future generations. It is shown how this concept can be applied to infectious disease and to chronic inflammatory systemic diseases. Evolutionary medicine takes lifetime reproductive success into account. The hypothesis to be tested is that mechanisms underlying a disease in old age might have higher fitness benefits in the pre-reproductive and / or reproductive life history stage. We emphasize that our human aim is not to increase evolutionary fitness but to reduce suffering and costs of public health. Thus, medical research might be most successful in diseases that have no lifetime fitness cost, as otherwise evolution would already have acted against it. Importantly, while no selection pressure existed to favour physiological mechanisms acting against such diseases, such mechanisms might become available via biomedical research. We conclude that for a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of a disease, its fitness consequences and its evolutionary history should be considered. The special situation of the immune system and chronic inflammatory systemic diseases is highlighted.

International audience; Synthetic biology is an emergent field of research whose aim is to make biology an engineering discipline, thus permitting to design, control, and standardize biological processes. Synthetic biology is therefore expected to boost the development of biotechnological processes such as protein production and enzyme engineering, which can be significantly relevant for lipases and esterases.

International audience