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Drugs are often associated with intoxicants. In the context of fiqih drugs usually dikiaskan to prohibition of wine. However, in line with the development of contemporary medical science, the works of the new fiqh also mention and emphasize that the effects of damage also have its own influence in relation to drug law. This study aims to explore and analyze the trends of contemporary jurisprudence works in explaining their backs in relating the status of Sharia law values to drug abuse. This study uses qualitative methods. The data obtained from these works were analyzed and made comparisons. A number of 10 contemporary works that discuss drug law and the reasons for its prohibition have been used in this study. The study concluded that the works agreed that drug abuse is haram according to the Shari'a. All activities related to drug abuse such as planting, processing, owning, buying or selling permits used to cooperate with its misuse are haram. Likewise, in terms of its proofing proposition, all works tend to see it is based on the kias to the wine based on the argument that drugs are potentially intoxicating. The works only mention the destructive aspect without emphasizing it as an important basis for the prohibition of drug abuse. This is certainly not in accordance with the reality of the threat of drugs that not only grab the function of the intellect alone, even damaging the five-five main objectives of Islamic law, namely religion, life, intellect, descent and wealth. Hence the affirmation of the restrictive section needs to be emphasized in an effort to ensure fair drug abuse is prevented and handled more seriously in order to ensure the well-being of the ummah is maintained.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu protein dendeng ikan hiu (Chiloscyllium sp.) yang dikeringkan dengan menggunakan tiga jenis metode pengeringan yang berbeda, yaitu pengeringan dengan sinar matahari, oven udara panas (60°C) dan oven vakum (60°C). Sebelum dikeringkan, irisan daging ikan (ukuran 4 cm x 12 cm x 3 mm) direndam dalam larutan bumbu dan dikeringkan sehingga kandungan airnya berkisar antara 23-25%. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kandungan asam amino bahan baku dan dendeng hiu, dan nilai asam amino digunakan untuk menghitung skor kimia, skor asam amino, dan indeks asam amino. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada daging ikan hiu segar, skor kimia, skor asam amino, dan indeks asam amino esensial lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan dendeng ikan hiu dengan berbagai cara pengeringan. Secara umum, pengeringan menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan mutu protein dendeng ikan hiu. Skor kimia, skor asam amino, dan indeks asam amino esensial daging ikan hiu segar berturut-turut adalah 65,93; 100,49; dan 89,13; pengeringan oven 56,48; 82,59; dan 75,86; pengeringan sinar matahari 51,15; 61,55; dan 79,43; dan pengeringan oven vakum 51,86; 62,41; dan 72,44. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dendeng ikan hiu dengan pengeringan oven udara panas memiliki nilai skor kimia dan skor asam amino lebih tinggi, sedangkan dendeng dengan pengeringan sinar matahari memiliki indeks asam amino esensial lebih tinggi dari sampel lain

Penentuan koordinat kanonik merupakan hal yang diperlukan dalam penentuan solusi persamaan diferensial dengan menggunakan metode simetri Lie. Pada tulisan ini dibahas penentuan koordinat kanonik dari persamaan diferensial Painleve Ince dan mereduksinya menjadi persamaan diferensial orde satu. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan metode simetri Lie dapat digunakan untuk menentukan solusi eksak persamaan diferensial Painleve Ince.

Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The experts were a shariah advisor, a corporate finance manager, and a senior executive at the central bank. Findings indicate that policyholders' expectations on their investments are met and the products so far compatible with takaful operators' investment strategies.

International audience; Hatchery managers and maintaining genetic diversity and fitness population in endangered and threatened species in pond is a important and difficult thing to do. But is must to do for conservation biology. Fitness and structure population depends on effective breeding number (Ne) and population connectivity between each other. The second most important thing is gene flow and genetic drift. Ne is major role in the maintenance of genetic diversity as indicator for inbreeding depresion and genetic drift. We sampled 6 hatchery in Jakarta and Bekasi Indonesia region and used 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci to quantify population genetic structure. Result in this study are, each farm have different methode. The old farmers is bapakGusi and bapakHasan (+30 years). Ne in bapakHasan and bapakGusi hatcheryis 66,667 and F value is 0,00749 and loosing allele (P) is 0,26183. Compared with younger farmers bapakYahya (5 years) have Ne = 133,333, F = 0,00375 and P = 0,06855. Even though hatchery bapakHasan and bapakGusi have the same value Ne, F and P but the result in population structure they are different founder populations. Hatchery bapakHasan have unique structure and alleles composition compared with other hatchery.; Manajemen hatchery penting untuk mempertahankan keragaman genetik dan kebugaran populasi dari spesies langka dan terancam punah di pembudidaya dan hal ini sulit dilakukan, tetapi menjadi keharusan untuk biologi konservasi. Kebugaran dan struktur populasi tergantung pada efektif breeding number (Ne) dan konektivitas populasi antara satu sama lain serta aliran gen dan pergeseran genetik. Ne memiliki peran utama dalam pemeliharaan keanekaragaman genetik dan sebagai indikator terjadinya inbreeding dan pergeseran genetik. Terdapat 6 hatchery sampel di wilayah Jakarta dan Bekasi Indonesia dengan menggunakan 12 lokus mikrosatelit polimorfik untuk mengukur struktur genetik populasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing hatchery memiliki metode yang berbeda. Pembudidaya paling lama adalah bapak Gusi dan bapak Hasan (30 tahun). Ne di hatchery bapak Hasan dan bapak Gusi adalah 66.667 dan nilai F adalah 0,00749 dan nilai kehilangan alel (P) adalah 0,26183. Dibandingkan dengan pembudidaya bapak Yahya (5 tahun) memiliki Ne = 133.333, F = 0,00375 dan P = 0,06855. Meskipun penetasan di hatchery bapak Hasan dan bapak Gusi memiliki nilai Ne, F dan P yang sama, tetapi hasil struktur populasinya adalah populasi pendiri yang berbeda. Hatcheri bapak Hasan memiliki struktur yang unik dan komposisi alel dibandingkan dengan pembenihan lainnya.

Abstract : Islamic thought has been developing whenever so there are various streams within the legal methodology especially within the fiqh approach which emerged from the Sahabat era such as fiqh 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar, etc and therefore the differences between the Companions has given rise to different tendencies of thought between each other both those belonging to the ahl athar or ahl ra'i groups. The obvious difference is that the tendency of thinking based on maqasidi is colored by ijtihad Umar while the tendency of thinking supported syakli (formalism) is more clearly seen within the fiqh of Abdullah Ibn Umar and these streams are created within supported the legal references employed by every group in order to do Istinbath al - hukm . So, a Fuqaha who always looks at the objectives of Islamic Sharia in conducting legal terminology is spoken as Maqasidi while jurists who always look to the form or format in legal rest are spoken as Syakli . Therefore, during this study, the author is inspired to check and analyze the thoughts of the jurists towards legal methodology supported the flow of maqasidi and also syakli . Abstrak: Pemikiran Islam terus berkembang pada setiap masanya, sehingga telah muncul berbagai macam aliran dalam bidang metodologi hukum, utamanya dalam pendekatan fiqh. Perbedaan tersebut muncul sejak masa Sahabat r.a, seperti ‘Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud, fiqh Umar, fiqh Ibn Umar dan sebagainya. Perbedaan di kalangan para Sahabat ini telah melahirkan kecenderungan pemikiran yang berbeda di antara mereka baik mereka yang tergolong dalam kelompok ahl athar atau ahl ra’i. Perbedan yang jelas terjadi adalah kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap maqasidi yang diwarnai oleh ijtihad Umar sedangkan kecenderungan pemikiran berasaskan terhadap syakli (formalisme) lebih jelas terlihat pada fiqh Abdullah Ibn Umar dan aliran-aliran ini merupakan aliran yang dibentuk berdasarkan kepada mashâdir hukum yang digunakan oleh setiap kelompok dalam melakukan istinbath hukum. Seorang fuqaha yang senan­tiasa melihat secara objektif Syariat Islam dalam melakukan istinbath hukum disebut sebagai Maqâsidi . Sedangkan fuqaha yang senantiasa melihat kepada rupa bentuk atau format dalam beristinbat hukum disebut sebagai Syakli . Oleh karena itu, dalam artikel ini ini penulis terdorong untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pemikiran para fuqaha terhadap metodologi hukum berasaskan aliran maqasidi dan juga syakli .

Introduction: Currently, Culinary becomes a promising business, so does Lamongan Kaliotik Resto, one of the famous restaurant in Lamongan. The high number of customer visits risks the workforce from work fatigue. The demand for production in order to fulfill the consumer needs leads to an excessive workload which is handed to the workers in the Kaliotik Lamongan restaurant. Moreover, high mobility in the food production process potentially creates non-ergonomic work attitudes. Therefore, all of those factors can lead the workers experiencing work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between workload and work attitude with work fatigue at Kaliotik Lamongan Resto workers. Methods: This study was observational descriptive which was done by using cross-sectional. The population in this study was all workers at the Kaliotik Lamongan Resto, which consisted of 13 people who worked in the kitchen and cashier kitchen section. The sampling technique used was the total population technique. Data collection includes physical workload measurements, assessment of work attitude with The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and work fatigue measurements using a reaction timer. The study was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Showed that the workload with work fatigue had a relationship with the strength of the moderate relationship (r = 0.415) and work attitudes with work fatigue showed a low strong relationship (r = 0.389). Conclusion: Excessive workload is the main factor which causes work fatigue in workers, in contrary, work attitude is not a factor of work fatigue.Keywords: physical workload, work attitude, work fatigue

Protective and risk factors are important in reducing vulnerability towards drug abuse among adolescents. This study, therefore, aims to explore gender differences in such vulnerability in high-risk areas identified by the National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia. The study employs a survey design, with questionnaires distributed to 213 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The researchers developed the questionnaire and comprised five parts: the demographic profile, interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, social support, and mental health. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show no significant gender differences in interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, and mental health. However, there was a significant difference in social support based on gender, with females showing a higher mean than males. These findings imply the importance of identifying the relevant factors to prevent early involvement in drug abuse.

National audience; Concernant le leadership des femmes dans l’Islam en analysant historiquement et philosophiquement le hadith consideré comme base pour interdire aux femmes d’être des leaders.