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La réflexion ici développée est tournée vers une analyse approfondie du profil artistique de Perréal par laquelle on cherchera à délimiter l'environnement historique dans lequel son expérience culturelle s'enracine et à montrer ainsi l'importance de sa production dans le portrait privé. Avec certitude, on sait qu'il se rend à Milan en 1499, pour l'entrée solennelle de Louis XII; visite historique durant laquelle il entre en contact avec Léonard désireux d'apprendre la technique de la couleur « a secco ». Les motivations exprimées dans l'art de ce dernier sont plutôt à rechercher dans la combinaison d'influences diverses dont il prit l'essence dans un exercice de réélaboration de modèles nordiques vers une direction lombarde où l'artiste démontra sa capacité à dominer la double origine de son style. Des rapports entre l'artiste lyonnais et les Flandres, il en est fait mention même dans l'historiographie du XIXe siècle, où l'hypothèse d'un séjour à Bruges de Perréal pour se perfectionner dans la peinture à l'huile a été émise.

International audience

International audience; We study how elementary school pupils give sense to the moves of a mobile robot in a mathematical game. The game consists in choosing 3 numbers out of 6, whose sum is a given target number. The robot moves on a game board have been implemented to provide pupils with a tangible feedback about their answer. We have studied strategies of pupils to solve the problem and their evolution. Our methodology included interviews, aloud verbalization and video observations of 28 pupils in grade 1 and 2 while they are playing. The pursuit of a mastery goal encourages a trial and error strategy for only some of the pupils. We conclude that some aspects of the moves of the robot, like its position, are perceived as a form of help and not as a threat, even if they are only partially understood.

International audience; Globalization through individualization together with an increase of translocal relations has opened up new ways of identification. Music as a set of symbolic elements enables this identification process. Indie rock as a globalized musical genre is a fruitful field that gives insight into understanding how individuals adopt and adapt a musical style. The aim of this research is to describe how indie rock bands are situated in Switzerland within the indie rock genre, and how they get in contact and identify with it. This research is based on 15 individual interviews conducted with members of six different Swiss indie bands. The results show that these bands uphold translocal identification with the international musical genre through, among others, the generalized use of English as the language of indie rock. However, since only few of them have connections abroad, this translocal identification is mainly mediated through the consumption of both live and recorded music from international artists. Due to this peripheral position, these bands are unable to play a significant role within the indie rock scene. Their music is, so to say, internationally inspired but locally produced. In this context, they are still very dependent on their geographical environment considered as a space of experience and resource. Yet, local identity does not seem to be claimed neither is the feeling of belonging to a local scene. This research shows that indie rock has to be understood through the lense of a rhizomic phenomenon, which is being constantly adapted by individuals through a variety of mediators. Moreover it challenges the idea of a local scene by showing how it is socially constructed.

International audience; Since modern transport services are becoming more flexible, demand-responsive, and energy/cost efficient, there is a growing demand for large-scale microscopic simulation platforms in order to test sophisticated routing algorithms. Such platforms have to simulate in detail, not only the dynamically changing demand and supply of the relevant service, but also traffic flow and other relevant transport services. This paper presents the DVRP extension to the open-source MATSim simulator. The extension is designed to be highly general and customizable to simulate a wide range of dynamic rich vehicle routing problems. The extension allows plugging in of various algorithms that are responsible for continuous re-optimisation of routes in response to changes in the system. The DVRP extension has been used in many research and commercial projects dealing with simulation of electric and autonomous taxis, demand-responsive transport, personal rapid transport, free-floating car sharing and parking search.

The French experience of validating the knowledge, skills and competences acquired through informal and non-formal learning is unique in the world. In this chapter, we argue for the singularity of this experience in France. We first review the beginnings of accreditation of prior learning (APL) movement, from the early experiments until its current modes of functioning. We show in particular how the implementation of APL introduced a significant break in the French educational model that attaches great importance to diplomas obtained within the school system. APL radically transformed the landscape of classic means of certification. It established a strong distinction between diplomas and other pathways to gain certification, by recognising the formative dimension of work experience. The issue which then arises is not so much the recognition of knowledge, skills and competences that have been acquired at work, but the means by which the recognition can be operationalised. We focus, therefore, on the methodological resources provided to support candidates and to assist the complex process by which they are expected to put into words their work experience. To do so, we discuss recent research conducted in France in the field of psychology and educational sciences that investigate the counsellors' activities. This research, we argue, opens up interesting perspectives in terms of training and professionalisation in the field of APL.

International audience; The High Level Trigger (HLT) of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider receives events which pass the LVL1 trigger at ~75 kHz and has to reduce the rate to ~200 Hz while retaining the most interesting physics. It is a software trigger and performs the reduction in two stages: the LVL2 trigger and the Event Filter (EF). At the heart of the HLT is the Steering software. To minimise processing time and data transfers it implements the novel event selection strategies of seeded, step-wise reconstruction and early rejection. The HLT is seeded by regions of interest identified at LVL1. These and the static configuration determine which algorithms are run to reconstruct event data and test the validity of trigger signatures. The decision to reject the event or continue is based on the valid signatures, taking into account pre-scale and pass-through. After the EF, event classification tags are assigned for streaming purposes. Several powerful new features for commissioning and operation have been added: comprehensive monitoring is now built in to the framework; for validation and debugging, reconstructed data can be written out; the steering is integrated with the new configuration (presented separately), and topological and global triggers have been added. This paper will present details of the final design and its implementation, the principles behind it, and the requirements and constraints it is subject to. The experience gained from technical runs with realistic trigger menus will be described.

International audience; Co-clustering, that is partitioning a numerical matrix into " homogeneous " submatrices, has many applications ranging from bioinformatics to election analysis. Many interesting variants of co-clustering are NP-hard. We focus on the basic variant of co-clustering where the homogeneity of a submatrix is defined in terms of minimizing the maximum distance between two entries. In this context, we spot several NP-hard, as well as a number of relevant polynomial-time solvable special cases, thus charting the border of tractability for this challenging data clustering problem. For instance, we provide polynomial-time solvability when having to partition the rows and columns into two subsets each (meaning that one obtains four submatrices). When partitioning rows and columns into three subsets each, however, we encounter NP-hardness, even for input matrices containing only values from {0, 1, 2}.

This paper describes a description approach for modeling product-process information in the contexts of assembly oriented design and product lifecycle management (PLM). The growing evolution of models, methodologies, systems and tools over the entire product lifecycle has highlighted limits and difficulties – such as the awareness and understanding in engineering – that did not exist before. An emergent challenge remains in increasing awareness and understanding of actors in the management of product information and knowledge. This requires effort in new inspired approaches in the qualitative representation and reasoning of the product and processes, in ontological applications, knowledge-based approaches, models, etc. The main objective is to make assembly information consistent, accessible and exploitable by data management systems and computer-aided X tools by introducing a logical foundation. In this context, product-process relationships are considered and described in the part-whole theory supported by mereology and its extension, mereotopology, then implemented in an ontology.

International audience; This paper presents an original study of fitness distance correlation as a measure of problem difficulty in genetic programming. A new definition of distance, called structural distance, is used and suitable mutation operators for the program space are defined. The difficulty is studied for a number of problems, including, for the first time in GP, multimodal ones, both for the new hand-tailored mutation operators and standard crossover. Results are in agreement with empirical observations, thus confirming that fitness distance correlation can be considered a reasonable index of difficulty for genetic programming, at least for the set of problems studied here.