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An exploration of the many clothing industries working in and around Manchester, England. The images concentrate on the traditional and endangered areas of hatting, clog making and leather tanneries, capturing not only the startling 'Dickensian' environments but also the people who spend their working lives using processes that have essentially remained unaltered for the last one hundred years. Since this work was completed the majority of the locations visited have subsequently closed down.

No abstract available.

Originally published in 1977 by Oxford University Press, with a second edition published in 1990. This is a revised version of the second edition published for the first time in electronic form. This electronic edition is published by the University of St Andrews. Publisher PDF

This project arose from two frequently stated perceptions of clinical practitioners working within the field of alcohol misuse services:\ud - Why is it so difficult to engage ex-servicemen (and women) in treatment programmes,\ud - Once they engage, why is it so difficult to maintain that engagement?\ud The aim of this project was to explore why veterans are reluctant to access help for alcohol problems and the extent to which they may be different from other substance misuse service users within the general population. Research was conducted through a sequential process over four phases. The initial three phases consisted of interviews and focus groups with service planners, commissioners, providers, substance misuse service users and veterans from the wider community. The fourth phase was a planned symposium where findings from the first three phases were presented to substance misuse service planners, commissioners and service providers with input from veterans and service users.\ud Findings from this project suggest that veterans with alcohol problems have unique difficulties that set them apart from other substance misuse service users within the general population. From both Phase Two and Phase Three, it was clear that there is a normalisation of excessive alcohol consumption during military service that often remains on discharge. Veterans in Phase Three provided further insight into the difficulties experienced on discharge through the transition to civilian life. It was noted that looking in from the outside, a successful transition appeared the norm, however the focus group participants suggested that transition experiences provided a further warrant for alcohol consumption and continuation of alcohol-based coping mechanisms established during military service.\ud This normalisation of alcohol consumption was found to contribute to a delay in engagement with substance misuse service. A delayed engagement in accessing care lead to complex presentations where all aspects of the veterans’ lives (physical, psychological and social) were impacted. Consequently, when veterans did engage in substance misuse services, they were often referred for alcohol treatment through other services such as social housing, unemployment and mental health.\ud Service providers’ lack of understanding of the unique needs and experiences of veterans, was consistently identified as a main barrier to care in the first three phases. Focus Group participants expressed a certain degree of antipathy towards civilian life and civilian culture, further reinforcing this barrier. Complex care pathways and the lack of integrated health and social care was cited as contributing to a disengagement with care. Support for this was found in Phase Four where a diagram showed that the current care pathway for veterans with alcohol misuse was extensive and convoluted. This was in contrast to service commissioners, planners and providers limited and over-simplified view of the current provision. Successful engagement in care was associated with service providers who had veteran workers within their provision.\ud 81\ud PROJECT CONCLUSIONS\ud Phase Four facilitated the development of a model from which to evolve current services. Utilising findings from the first three phases, it was proposed that a ‘hub and spoke’ approach would be potentially the most cost effective and beneficial means of engaging veterans in healthcare services. Veterans will be assigned a multi-agency worker who will assist in accessing and engaging in relevant services. An initial assessment will ascertain the veteran’s status on physical health, mental health, social situation and substance misuse. Essentially, the hub and spoke model has the potential to reduce the number of veterans who disengage/disappear from services due to difficulties in navigating complex services.

This special issue of JFLS focuses on what learners know about French words, on\ud how they use that knowledge and on how it can be investigated and assessed.\ud In many ways, it is a sequel to the special issue on the Acquisition of French\ud as a Second Language edited by Myles and Towell that appeared in JFLS in 2004.\ud While articles on the L2 acquisition of the French lexicon have appeared in a variety of journals, including JFLS, this special issue (SI) is the first volume which specifically focuses on lexical knowledge and use among learners of French as a second language. The issue is timely, because of the growing importance of vocabulary in the SLA research agenda, but also because research into vocabulary acquisition appears at the top of a list of areas in which teachers of Modern Foreign Languages are most interested.

This paper tests if gender-discrimination in grading affects pupils' achievements and course choices. I use a unique dataset containing grades given by teachers, scores obtained anonymously by pupils at different ages, and their course choice during high school. Based on double-differences, the identification of the gender bias in grades suggests that girls benefit from a substantive positive discrimination in math but not in French. This bias is not explained by girls' better behavior and only marginally by their lower initial achievement. I then use the heterogeneity in teachers' discriminatory behavior to show that classes in which teachers present a high degree of discrimination in favor of girls are also classes in which girls tend to progress significantly more than boys, during the school year but also during the next four years. Teachers' biases also increase the relative probability that girls attend a general high school and chose science courses.

This guide, commissioned by Constructing Excellence in Wales, undertaken by Arup and funded by the Welsh Assembly Government, is the result of a review of literature in the social housing sector, case studies of large-scale voluntary transfer (LSVT) organisations in south Wales and meetings and workshops with participants from these LSVTs and the Welsh Assembly Government.