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This is the first full-length study of sentential negation phenomena in French. Paul Rowlett assesses, from a generative perspective, the respective contribution made to the expression of clausal polarity by ne , pas , and elements such as jamais and personne . His conclusions have far-reaching implications, leading to the controversial hypothesis that, despite widespread belief, French is not a negative concord language.

The method traditionally used for measuring the wind speed and direction for wind energy purposes is to record the output from cup or propeller anemometers and vanes at several heights on a mast. As turbines have grown in height, this method has become increasingly more expensive and difficult, and new methods have been sought.\ud \ud One alternative method for measurement of wind speed and direction over depths of around 200m is the SODAR (SOund Detection And Ranging). This instrument is installed on the ground and every few seconds transmits a short pulse of sound upward into the atmosphere. As the sound propagates upward, some acoustic energy is continuously reflected back to the ground by the variable atmospheric turbulence encountered. By analysing the Doppler frequency shift of echoes received from sound transmitted at a small angle to the vertical, wind speed components are estimated as a function of height.\ud \ud SODAR technology is well established as a tool for visualising and quantifying atmospheric dynamics in the lowest few hundred meters. At the same time, use of SODAR technology as a replacement for cup or propeller measurements in wind energy applications has a number of potential drawbacks. These include the need to calibrate much more rigorously than generally required for other applications, and the requirement that the SODAR operates with well-specified performance over the full range of atmospheric conditions relevant to wind turbine operations. Furthermore, SODAR performance should be portable from one physical site to another, and instruments supplied by a variety of manufacturers should be able to be deployed with known characteristics.\ud \ud Within the WISE (WInd energy SODAR Evaluation) project (EU project number NNE5-2001-297), work package WP3 described in this report, is concerned with:\ud a) An estimation of the uncertainties in calibration which arise from SODAR design and operation.\ud b) Description of calibration procedures established by the WISE project and an evaluation of their limitations.\ud c) Testing of the calibration procedures against other methods of measurement.\ud d) Suggestions for improvements in SODAR design.\ud Items (a), (b), and (c) comprise Project deliverable D4 (Report on calibration of SODAR and inter-comparison before and after calibration). Item (d) comprises Project deliverable D5 (Notes on possible improvements of SODAR hardware/software for easier and better calibration).\ud \ud The central conclusions of this work are\ud 1. Care and understanding of SODAR error sources are required in order to adequately calibrate SODARs\ud 2. A reliable calibration method is to calibrate a SODAR against a cup anemometer mounted at the top of a 40 m mast, and to use this calibration to correct SODAR wind speeds at other heights.\ud 3. When compared with quality cup anemometers, corrected SODAR wind speeds show similar rms fluctuations to those exhibited between two cup anemometers\ud 4. SODAR wind directions show good agreement with mast mounted vanes\ud 5. Variations between SODARs of the same design appear to be small\ud 6. Design changes could improve SODAR operation for wind energy applications.

This edited volume contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers prepared for the sixth Colloquium on Cross-border Crime, held at the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Berlin, Germany, in September 2004.\ud Tom Vander Beken, Karen Verpoest, Annemie Bucquoye and Melanie Defruytier present a study on the criminal vulnerability of the European road freight transport sector. Jackie Harvey examines distinguishing characteristics of countries believed to be money laundering centers. Ton Schudelaro assesses the money laundering threat posed by electronic payment systems. Anna Markina and Jüri Saar present a study on law enforcement expectations about the development of cross-border crime in Estonia after the EU enlargement. Niels Bagelius investigates how Swedish companies investing in Eastern Europe cope with the challenges of transition economies. Miroslav Scheinost, Vladimir Baloun and Drahuse Kaderabkova describe the situation of economic crime in the Czech Republic with a special focus on financial markets. Petrus van Duyne and Mark Houtzager present an empirical study on criminal sub-contracting in the Netherlands. Per Ole Johansen presents findings from interview-based research into the illegal alcohol market in Norway. Klaus von Lampe presents quantitative and qualitative data from various sources to question commonly accepted explanations for the emergence of the cigarette black market in Germany. Tom Blickman assesses the relative importance of the Netherlands in the global ecstasy business. Tihomir Bezlov summarizes the findings of four studies on the drug market and the related organized crime situation in Bulgaria. Almir Maljevic presents an interview-based study of victims of human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Barney is having a hard time. His best friend Nick is dying; he has to compete for the county swimming championships; he has school work to contend with; he is just getting to know his first girlfriend; he is coping with his first part-time job. Everything is just about holding together … then what he has been dreading most happens and all sorts of other things go wrong as well.\ud This is the moving story of how Barney comes to terms with his grief over his friend Nick. We share his pain and eventually his hopes for the future.

This report represents the output from research undertaken by University of Salford and MTM \ud London as part of the joint Digital R&D Fund for Arts and Culture, operated by Nesta, Arts \ud Council England and the AHRC. University of Salford and MTM London received funding from \ud the programme to act as researchers on the Social Interpretation (SI) project, which was led by \ud the Imperial War Museum (IWM) and their technical partners, The Centre for Digital \ud Humanities, University College London, Knowledge Integration, and Gooii. The project was \ud carried out between October 2011 and October 2012.

This two-volume open-access book offers a theoretically and empirically-grounded portrayal of the experiences of people claiming international protection in Europe on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI). It shows how European asylum systems might and should treat asylum claims based on people’s SOGI in a fairer, more humane way. Through a combined comparative, interdisciplinary (socio-legal), human rights, feminist, queer and intersectional approach, this book examines not only the legal experiences of people claiming asylum on grounds of their SOGI, but also their social experiences outside the asylum decision-making framework. The authors analyse how SOGI-related claims are adjudicated in different European frameworks (European Union, Council of Europe, Germany, Italy and UK) and offer detailed recommendations to adequately address the intersectional experiences of individuals seeking asylum. This unique approach ensures that the book is of interest not only to researchers in migration and refugee studies, law and wider academic communities, but also to policy makers and practitioners in the field of SOGI asylum.