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We provide a set of atomic lines which are suitable for the description of ultracool dwarf spectra from 10 000 to 25 000 Å. This atomic linelist was made using both synthetic spectra calculations and existing atlases of infrared spectra of Arcturus and Sunspot umbra. We present plots which show the comparison of synthetic spectra and observed Arcturus and Sunspot umbral spectra for all atomic lines likely to be observable in high resolution infrared spectra. Peer reviewed

Recent research has proven that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling in combination with a genetic algorithm (GA) algorithm is an effective methodology to optimize the design of internal combustion (IC) engines. However, this approach is time consuming, which limits the practical application of it. This study addresses this issue by using a quasi-dimensional (QD) model in combination with a GA to find optimal fuel composition in a spark ignition (SI) engine operated with CH4/H2/CO fuel blends. The QD model for the simulation of combustion of the fuel blends coupled with a chemical kinetics tool for ignition chemistry was validated with respect to measured pressure traces and NOx emissions of a small size single-cylinder SI engine operated with CH4/H2 blends. Calibration was carried out to assess the predictive capability of the QD model, and the effect of hydrogen addition on the lean limit extension of the methane fueled engine was studied. A GA approach was then used to optimize the blend composition and engine input parameters based on a fitness function. The QD-GA methodology was implemented to simultaneously investigate the effects of three input parameters, i.e., fuel composition, air–fuel equivalence ratio and spark timing on NOxemissions and indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) for the engine. The results found indicated that this approach could provide optimal fuel blends and operating conditions with considerable lower NOx emissions together with improved thermal efficiencies compared to the methane fueled engine. The presented computationally-efficient methodology can also be used for other fuel blends and engine configurations. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121281 Peer reviewed

Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) is saving an increasing number of lives worldwide, 1 so it is a great pleasure to welcome for the first time in Qatar the South and West Asia Chapter (SWAC) of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). The conference organizing and scientific committees have worked tirelessly under the leadership of Dr Ibrahim Fawzy Hassan (2017 Conference Chair) to make ELSO SWAC 2017 an enriching event that will help progress ECLS in the region. For this special occasion, the SWAC ELSO 2017 submission editorial team (AAH, AS, GA, CC, TM) is pleased to have been able to publish all accepted abstracts in this special issue of the Qatar Medical Journal (QMJ) as a legacy of everyone's efforts and commitment to contribute to saving lives. The vast majority of the abstracts are invited contributions from selected clinicians who are bringing specific knowledge and expertise to the conference and to the pre-conference workshops. The submissions received as part of the call for abstracts are presented at the end of this QMJ issue and been presented either as short oral or poster presentations during the conference. All submissions have been subjected to a rigorous peer review process involving a team of reviewers with a range of subject expertise and to whom we are grateful. Overall, this QMJ special issue represents the scientific contributions from over 150 authors from 17 countries. © 2017 Alinier, Campbell, Labib, Mehta, Hssain, Almomani, Hassan, licensee HBKU Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Alinier G, Campbell C, Labib A, Mehta T, Hssain AA, Almomani EAH, Hassan IF. 'Qatar welcomes the Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation of the South and West Asia Chapter 2017 Conference', Qatar Medical Journal, 4th Annual ELSO-SWAC Conference Proceedings 2017:1 http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2017.swacelso.1 Peer reviewed

The demand for pesticide data has grown considerably over recent decades, due to more stringent regulatory controls and the use of data-hungry modelling, risk assessment and decision support systems. Identifying relevant, fit-for-purpose data is a problem well known to researchers, industry and regulators world-wide who struggle to use data of sufficient quality to allow them to undertake robust assessments with confidence. The resulting problems are extensive and the further development of risk assessment methodologies may become hampered by the quality of the data available. As risk assessments are used to develop environmental policy, formulate mitigation and remediation plans and develop best practice advice it is essential that quality data is available. Three years ago my research group launched our own solution to the problem - the FOOTPRINT PPDB. This presentation will explain the thinking and management behind the PPDB and outline my future plans and aspirations. It will also discuss industry Intellectual Property and the needs for data harmonisation. Full text of this paper is not available in the UHRA

The global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a trend underway for the last decade: the enlistment of private-sector commercial finance for development. This finance can be brought in through (1) regular cross-border flows, (2) blended finance, and (3) impact bonds. This briefing argues that intensified foreign financial inflows are likely to draw African economies further into financialization, which increases financial instability and can undermine the democratic process, jeopardizing just socio-economic development. Specifically, the short-termism of portfolio flows requires costly reserve accumulation; FDI exposes firms to demands for shareholder value generation; and external debt introduces exchange rate risk for domestic borrowers. Peer reviewed

We investigate the effects of gravity on the infrared spectra of objects around the M dwarf to brown dwarf transition. We focus on observations of the very low-mass objects TVLM513–46546 and GJ 569B from 1 to 2.5 m. These objects have very similar spectral types and colours but they differ by more than a magnitude in luminosity; this indicates that their surface gravities differ by around 0.5 dex.We compare their spectra and present line identifications in the infrared.We investigate at low resolution the sensitivity of some of the atomic features to changes in surface gravities and make comparisons with recent atmospheric models.We identify seven surface gravity sensitive features. We find that the difference in surface gravity between the spectra are consistent with GJ 569B having a lower surface gravity than TVLM by at least 0.5 dex which suggests GJ 569B is a brown dwarf. Because of the relatively few surface gravity features which can be identified at low resolution, confirmation of this result should be made with observations at higher resolution which would enable more gravity sensitive features to be identified with better precision. Original article can be found at: http://www.aanda.org/ Copyright European Southern Observatory Peer reviewed

The principle of least effort in communications has been shown, by Ferrer i Cancho and Sol´e, to explain emergence of power laws (e.g., Zipf’s law) in human languages. This paper applies the principle and the informationtheoretic model of Ferrer i Cancho and Sol´e to genetic coding. The application of the principle is achieved via equating the ambiguity of signals used by “speakers” with codon usage, on the one hand, and the effort of “hearers” with needs of amino acid translation mechanics, on the other hand. The re-interpreted model captures the case of the typical (vertical) gene transfer, and confirms that Zipf’s law can be found in the transition between referentially useless systems (i.e., ambiguous genetic coding) and indexical reference systems (i.e., zero-redundancy genetic coding). As with linguistic symbols, arranging genetic codes according to Zipf’s law is observed to be the optimal solution for maximising the referential power under the effort constraints. Thus, the model identifies the origins of scaling in genetic coding — via a trade-off between codon usage and needs of amino acid translation. Furthermore, the paper extends Ferrer i Cancho – Sol´e model to multiple inputs, reaching out toward the case of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) where multiple contributors may share the same genetic coding. Importantly, the extended model also leads to a sharp transition between referentially useless systems (ambiguous HGT) and indexical reference systems (zero-redundancy HGT). Zipf’s law is also observed to be the optimal solution in the HGT case. “The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com” Copyright Springer Peer reviewed

This paper explores the potential that the natural sciences of complexity may have to offer analogies and insights with regard to communicative processes in a group and the concept of the group matrix. The paper briefly reviews Foulkes’ last formulation of the concept of the group matrix. It then draws on Mead’s thought on mind, self and society, and on some analogies from the complexity sciences, to suggest a formulation of the emergence of mind in communicative interaction in a group. The final, definitive version of this article has been published in the Journal, Group Analysis, Vol 34 / Issue 2, 2001, Copyright The Group-Analytic Society by SAGE Publications Ltd at : http://gaq.sagepub.com/ Peer reviewed

Caldwell (2001. Hodgson on Hayek: a critique, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 25, 541-55) raises a number of criticisms of Hodgson's (1993. Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back into Economics, Cambridge, UK and Ann Arbor, MI, Polity Press and University of Michigan Press) analysis of Hayek. This reply acknowledges the passages in The Constitution of Liberty where Hayek discusses evolutionary ideas. It is also agreed that the description in the secondary literature of Hayek as a 'methodological individualist'is misleading or flawed. However, it is argued that Hayek's neglect of Malthus remains real and problematic. This neglect is connected to Hayek's under-estimation of the scale of the Darwinian intellectual revolution. It is also argued here that Caldwell's attempt to justify Hayek's analytical assumption of the given individual is unconvincing. Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Peer reviewed

Full text of this chapter is not available in the UHRA