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Teaching science involves more than teaching facts, concepts, principles and theories. Science educators also have a professional obligation to expose students to the values associated with those theories. People make decisions on value-laden, scientific questions from the perspective of their own world view. There should be room in our science curriculum to allow the student to form a personal position on the issues of our day after a fair presentation of the full range of alternatives. Even though the student may already have a firm position on the issue in question, the exercise will foster an understanding of the views of others and promote tolerance for those who differ. One of these issues is that of the origin of life. The objective of this project is to develop a rationale for teaching the full range of alternatives in the science classroom, and to provide a curriculum unit as a resource for teachers who want to give a balanced treatment of the issue in question. Thesis Master of Science (MSc)

An oblique four bar structural model with fixed member ends, being the most general building block for space frames, is analysed for establishing its influence coefficients, using the Finite Element Matrix Method. Experimental techniques for measurement of the flexibility influence coefficients of the model are described. Experimental results have been compared against analytical ones. Thesis Master of Engineering (MEngr)

This paper is an attempt to examine the effects of economic integration in the Central African Customs and Economic Union. The focus is on one form of economic integration, the customs union. A review of the theoretical literature indicates that customs unions should bring changes in the patterns of production, consumption and trade of the countries involved, and would be advantageous through the enlargement of markets, stimulus to investment and competition. From the locational point of view, the formation of customs unions could aggravate the clustering tendencies of industries to few attractive locations resulting in a polarized form of development. The examination of the Central African Customs and Economic Union shows that little change has been achieved in the first decade of the union. It appears that the traditional theory of customs union which was originally designed for the industrial countries is of limited applicability for the developing countries. It is suggested in the paper that the theory should be adapted to the particular characteristics and needs of developing countries and that, since economic integration is partly based on concepts from the location theory, more work is needed to examine economic integration and customs union in the context of location theory. Thesis Master of Arts (MA)

SE Botswana, located in the NW part of the Kaapvaal Craton is a long lived tectonically stable environment dominated by brittle deformation for more than 2.6 Ga. Relative chronologies in the development of fractures are rationalized according to major unconformities that developed during the Proterozoic in areas around Moshaneng and Kanye in SE Botswana. Periods of brittle deformation are divided into pre-Transvaal Supergroup, post-Transvaal Supergroup/ pre-Waterberg Group and post-Waterberg Group times. Pre-Transvaal lineaments trend ENE and NE and were probably formed as fractures in a rifting environment Dikes are intruded along some of these lineaments. Post-Transvaal/ pre-Waterberg fractures consist of strike-slip faults that form a conjugate system of two major sets trending NE and NW. These fractures probably formed as a result of E-W compression. The displacement along the NE trending faults depicts reactivation along pre-existing fractures. Regional patterns of fault termination are discemable. Epidermal folds and thrusts were produced in the Transvaal Supergroup rocks. Rotational bulk strain is locally significant. PostWaterberg deformation was dominated by dip-slip faults, vertical displacements and drape folds. An orthogonal system of bedding-normal joints predominates in the layered rocks. Inversion of the relative magnitudes of a2 and a3 probably accounts for a two phase tensile failure of layered rocks during the formation of the joint system. A diagonal system of bedding normal joints is superimposed on the orthogonal system possibly because of pre-existing folds that perturb the remote stress field. Joint spacings have a negatively skewed normal frequency distribution. Systematic joints show that spacing of set1 Relics of joint patterns in chert breccia provide insight about post-Transvaal/ pre-Waterberg karstification residuum. The joint pattern accounts for the initial process of fragmentation that resulted in the formation of chert breccia. On the subcontinental scale, high strain tectonic belts provide a chronology of large scale stress fields that could explain the intracratonic brittle deformations. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Two-page overview of what was learned from a stakeholder dialogue on the topic of exploring models for pharmacist prescribing in primary and community care settings in Ontario.

Missing page 91 This report presents a numerical method which can be used to solve the advection equation (∂ɸ/∂t) + (∂[u(x,t)ɸ]/∂x) = S(x,t) where: ɸ ≣ concentration field u(x,t) ≣ velocity field S(x,t) ≣ source term Central to this method are the concept of particle path and the Eulerian interpretation of the time rate of change of the concentration field ɸ. In actual comparison tests for particular cases with known solutions this method proved to be at least two orders of magnitude more accurate than the usual one sided upwind finite difference method. Thesis Master of Engineering (ME)

Local renin-angiotensin systems (RASs) have been described in many mammalian tissues. However, the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in skeletal muscle is poorly understood with initial reports suggesting it may function to regulate overload-induced hypertrophy. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to 1) investigate the potential that adult skeletal muscle and muscle stem cells possess a local RAS. 2) Describe its role in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and growth following injury and 3) demonstrate its capacity to regulate muscle stem cell activity and myogenesis. We report that cultured primary and C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes possess a local Ang II signalling system evidenced by the differential expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and both angiotensin type 1 and 2 (AT1, AT2) receptors. Interestingly, myoblasts demonstrated the capacity to produce Ang II in spite of lacking renin expression. Furthermore, angiotensin receptors demonstrated differential localization with AT1 associated with actin filaments in proliferating myoblasts, and localized to the nucleus in differentiated myotubes. We also report that a local angiotensin system is present in vivo and responsive to myotrauma as cardiotoxin injection (to induce muscle injury) resulted in the increased staining intensity of angiotensinogen and AT1 during myogenesis with a progressive downregulation throughout the regenerative timecourse. To investigate the effects of Ang II signalling blockade on muscle growth and regeneration we induced muscle injury in mice supplemented with captopril (ACE inhibitor) or mice devoid of the AT1 a receptor. Histological analysis revealed that ACE inhibition resulted in a decreased muscle fibre growth, increased proportion of small myofibres, an inability to accrete myonuclei and a robust hyperplasia of muscle fibres. Similarly, AT1 a receptor ablation resulted in decreased muscle fibre growth following injury suggesting that these effects are receptor specific. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects we assessed the role of Ang II in regulating muscle satellite cell function. In vitro experiments revealed that Ang II had the ability to regulate the early response of satellite cells to muscle injury by acting as a potent transcriptional activator of quiescent myoblasts and directing their subsequent migration. Furthermore, these migratory effects were mediated through an Ang 11-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) content and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, Ang II may also participate in the fusion of myoblasts as captopril treatment suppressed the expression of markers of differentiation (myogenin) and maintained the expression of markers of proliferation (Pax7, Myf5). In agreement with this, IHC analysis revealed that ACE inhibition also induced a strong trend for a decrease in the proportion of myogenin positive cells following injury. Collectively, these results implicate the activation of local Ang II signalling system as a pleiotropic regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

An assessment of what is known about problems related to priority setting about primary and integrated healthcare innovations in Canada, options for addressing these problems, and key implementation considerations. The Rapid Response program through which this synthesis was prepared is funded by the Government of Ontario (through a Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Health System Research Fund grant entitled Harnessing Evidence and Values for Health System Excellence). This particular rapid synthesis was funded by Health Canada, and the interviews conducted as part of it were funded through the above-noted grant from the Government of Ontario. The McMaster Health Forum receives both financial and in-kind support from McMaster University. The views expressed in the rapid synthesis are the views of the authors and should not be taken to represent the views of the Government of Ontario, Health Canada or McMaster University.

This paper attempts to quantify disparate growth in Hamilton's Central Area. The spatial variation over time of three economic indicators was studied to do this. These indicators were property tax assessments, and multi-family and single-family property sales. The Central Area was divided into four geographic zones so that the indicator change could be associated with different parts of the Area. The results indicate that the northeastern sections of the Central Area experienced and are continuing to experience slower economic growth compared to the southwestern sections. Thesis Bachelor of Arts (BA)

This dissertation examines the facility location problems in the presence of barrier regions and consists basically of four essays exploring new problems. Despite the fact that the facility location problems considering barriers to travel are more realistic than their unrestricted counterparts, research in the area is relatively limited. This is due to the computational complexity associated with them. The first essay analyzes the problem of locating a facility in a region in the presence of a probabilistic line barrier. The objective is to locate the facility such that the sum of the volume times distances between the facility and demand points is minimized. Some convexity results are presented and a solution algorithm is proposed. Another interrelated problem is locating a facility in a region where a fixed line barrier such as a borderline divides the region into two. The regions communicate with each other through a number of passage points located on the line barrier. A version of this problem with minisum objective has been studied in the literature where the locations of the passage points are known. The second essay considers a number of extensions to this problem and proposes an efficient solution methodology based on the Outer Approximation algorithm. The third essay discusses the problem of locating a rectangular barrier facility m an area where interactions among existing facilities are present. The problem has two objectives. The first objective is to minimize the interference of the barrier facility to the interactions among the existing facilities. The second objective is to find a center (minimax) location for the barrier facility. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective problem and a mixed integer program is proposed as a solution methodology. A Simulated Annealing algorithm is presented for an extension of the problem where expropriation of existing facilities is also possible. Finally, the last essay suggests a practical analog approach for facility location problems in the presence of barriers. The use of the analog for certain problems is justified through some analytical results and a number of problems that appeared in the literature are solved efficiently. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)