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Since 1982, snow pit samples have been collected for pollen analysis from the top of ice caps in the Canadian Arctic during the annual glacier mass balance survey. Other glacier and ice cap sites, and Arctic Ocean sea ice locations have been sampled sporadically since 1982 in order to obtain a better coverage of pollen deposition. Through IPY, and in conjunction with other field activities, the Mount Oxford ice field, in Quttinirpaaq National Park, northern Ellesmere Island and the NEEM ice core drilling site, in north-west Greenland, were added to the list. At both sites, four snow layers were collected per year of accumulation. These correspond, more or less, to seasons. At Mount Oxford, the record covers 6 years (2002-2008), while at NEEM, it covers 3 years of snow accumulation. On Agassiz Ice Cap, Ellesmere Island, the seasonal pollen deposition record is continuous from 1982 to 2008. Pollen concentrations are typically low on Arctic ice caps (~ 2-50 pollen grains / L). However, on Agassiz Ice Cap, the data show the number of pollen in the snow has been increasing since the mid-1990.

No abstract available

These data comprise a suite of water chemistry parameters for 13 - 24 river or creek sites across Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada. The sampling record is for 2007 - 2012 (n = 13) and 2015 - 2019 (n = 24). Samples were collected mostly during June and late August/early September for the entire record, and for late July for the early record. Sampling sites span headwaters to high-order channels including the main tributaries (i.e., Johnson Creek, Schaeffer Creek, Blackfox Creek, King Edward Creek, Thomas Creek, Potato Creek) and seven locations along the Old Crow River. Data provide an indication of water chemistry spatial patterns across Old Crow Flats during 2007 - 2019. Ongoing synthesis is being used to identify how these spatial patterns are responding to climate-driven landscape changes.

At all sites in the network we measure vegetation structure, plant community composition, tree density, the productivity of edible berries, active layer depth, and near surface ground temperatures. At core sites we also maintain meteorological stations, frost tubes, and deep ground temperature cables. Revisiting baseline sites every five years will allow us to determine if vegetation and permafrost conditions are responding to increased air temperatures or altered natural disturbance regimes. This monitoring network will also act as a basis to determine if the environmental impacts of future development exceed thresholds defined by baseline variability.

With the help of a local interpreter, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Elders and people still active on the land. Old and actual berry picking sites were identified on maps to evaluate spatial and temporal variability in vegetation and berry production. Interviews were recorded, filmed and transcribed. Similar projects are ongoing in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Kangiqsujuaq and Umiujaq (Nunavik) as well as in Pangnirtung, Baker Lake and Pond Inlet (Nunavut), and Nain (Nunatsiavut).

41 large plots were established, varying in terms of moisture, cover and height of erect shrubs and in abundance and productivity of three berry species (Vaccinium vitis-idea L., Vaccinium L. uliginosum, Empetrum nigrum L.). A sub-sample of 15 quadras (70 cm x 70 cm) was conducted to evaluate the cover of erect shrubs, berries and various strata: Herbaceous, Rock, Water, Ground, Litter, Foam, Lichen, and Low shrub (0-50 cm), medium (50-100 cm) and high (> 100 cm). The fruits were harvested in 10 quadras (70 cm x 70 cm) in each sites and have subsequently been counted and weighed (fresh and dried) by ripening stage (1-Not ripe, 2-In ripening, 3-Ripe, 4-unsustainable fruit / prominent abortion). Several environmental variables were taken: slope, aspect, height of shrub cover and some soil characteristics (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, moisture and temperature (time for 1 year)). In the same project, a paired approach was used to determine the impact of the presence, cover and height of erect shrubs. 402 pairs were made in August 2015 near Umiujaq. Each pair consisted of 4 forties (70 cm x 70 cm) arranged on a transect to cover three different conditions: under cover, open environment, external and internal margin of shrub patches. In each quadras shrubs cover (total and by species) and the recovery of berry species were assessed. In each quadra, a sub-sample of fruit was collected in 4 circles of 10 cm diameter always placed in the same locations. Then the fruits were weighed (fresh and dried) and sorted by maturity. The slope, soil type, type of environment, orientation of the transect and the average height of the shrub cover were also noted.

The Emiliania huxleyi stoichiometry database contains data for the growth rate, cellular elemental content (particulate inorganic carbon - PIC, organic carbon - C, nitrogen - N and phosphorous - P) and C:N:P stoichiometry (PIC:C, C:N, N:P, C:P) compiled through a meta-analysis of literature reporting the results of laboratory experiments (cultures) on the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi, an important calcifying marine phytoplankton. The database also reports selected additional parameters including cell size and/or volume, and chlorophyll a as well as additional meta-data associated with the original data source including strain details and culture experimental conditions. A description of the parameters contained in the database can be found in the file "The Emiliania huxleyi stoichiometry database data description". Please cite this dataset as: Sheward et al. (2021) The Emiliania huxleyi stoichiometry database. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4601185

No abstract available

In 2015, Automated Soil CO2 Exchange (ACE) Stations were deployed at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO) to quantify the contribution of CO2 exchange from wet sedge vegetation. The wet sedge vegetation type is of specific interest as it is the most productive community type in the High Arctic. These communities are commonly regarded in past studies as carbon sinks during their entire growing season, although the scale and key controls are not completely understood. In addition, warming of the High Arctic enhances wet sedge growth, which may result in an increase of the percentage of land occupied by wet sedge meadows. This in turn has the capability of significantly altering the carbon balance of high Arctic landscapes. The objective of these data files is to determine the CO2 exchange rate in these settings, utilizing the ACE systems. The measurements from each chamber were automatically recorded every 30 minutes from July 3 2015 to August 7 2015. Active layer depth, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil temperature and soil moisture measurements were also collected in conjunction with the net CO2 exchange rate (NCER). The r esults indicate that wet sedge vegetation in this area does represent a carbon sink through photosynthetic processes.

The global importance of mesopelagic fish is increasingly recognised, but they remain relatively poorly studied. This is particularly true in the Southern Ocean, where mesopelagic fishes are both key predators and prey, but where the remote environment makes sampling challenging. Despite this, multiple national Antarctic research programs have undertaken regional sampling of mesopelagic fish over several decades. However, data are dispersed, and sampling methodologies often differ precluding comparisons and limiting synthetic analyses. Here, we have collated and standardized existing survey data of mesopelagic fishes into a circumpolar dataset called Myctobase. To date, Myctobase holds 17,491 occurrence and 11,190 abundance records from 4780 net hauls from 72 different research cruises. Data include trait-based information of individuals including standard length, weight and life-stage. Data span across 37 years from 1991 to 2019. Detailed metadata has also been provided for each sampling event including the date, time, position (latitude, longitude, and depth), sampling protocol, net type, net mesh size, tow speed, volume filtered and haul type (routine, target, random). The dataset is comprised of three comma-separated files. The first file (event.csv) describes the survey methodology. The second file (groupOccurrence.csv) contains the catch data linked to the survey methodology by an event ID. The final file (individualOccurrence.csv) contains measurements of individuals. Each row contains the event and occurrence ID, which links each measurement to the first and second file. See associated metadata record for definitions and units for each variable in 'definitions.xlsx'. The final dataset was subject to quality control and validation processes. Entries with ambiguous or incomplete records were identified with a '0' in the column labelled 'validation' (event.csv) and a description of the missing data can be found in the proceeding column labelled 'validationDescription'. The taxonomic name for each individual was verified against the World Register of Marine Species (http://www.marinespecies.org/).