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Marine enviromental data from Biogeochemical models in paper "Can we project changes in fish abundance and distribution in response to climate?" at Global Change Biology journal

As a part of the 2017-2019 GEO Work Programme, the Global Observation System for Mercury (GOS4M) Flagship (http://gos4m.org) is aimed to support the implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. This database has been constructed with data on mercury in Mediterranean marine biota obtained from all available literature and public datasets that span since the beginning of '70. The M2B database includes 24465 records retrieved from 541 sources that include Animalia, Plantae and Chromista Kingdoms. All records were associated to geographical coordinates and controlled to avoid duplication as several of them were obtained from grey literature. The following parameters have been retrieved when available: Country; Location; FAO fisheries region; Latitude; Longitude; Geographical precision code; Kingdom; Class; Order; Family; Species scientific name; Species common name; Species 6-digit codde; Marine habitat; Trophic level; Reference for Trophic level; Sampling Depth; Sample Lenght; Sample Weight; Age; Sex; Sampled tissue; Hg species; Tissue water content; Mean Hg concentration; Minumum Hg concentration; Maximum Hg concentration; Standar Deviation; Standard Error; Sample size; Reference source; Reference id number; Sampling date; Remarks.

Data stored here refer to Eddy Covariance (EC) data measured in 2019 during the snow-free season at the Alpine CZO (Critical Zone Observatory, hereafter CZO@Nivolet) which was established at the Nivolet Plain (Piani del Nivolet) in the Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP), located in the western Italian Alps. The EC site (IT-NIV) is an ICOS-associated station. CZO@Nivolet is aimed at investigating the cross-scale interactions between climatic shifts and ecosystem functions multiple scales, involving multidisciplinary studies. The main research questions that we aim to answer are concerning: (a) the effect of bedrock lithology, soil physics and chemisty, topographic hetereogenity, biotic components and meteo-climatic parameters in modulating CO2 flux in alpine grassland; and (b) what are the controlling factors of organic C and weathering under geologic substrates and different topographic positions. The investigations started in 2017. In 2019, the EC tower was added to deeply study CO2, H20, latent and sensible heat exchanges between soil, vegetation, and atmosphere. Carbon dioxide fluxes and environmental variables are recorded during the snow-free season to estimate carbon storage and explore CO2 fluxes drivers in high-altitude grasslands. Further developments will regard the integration of different techniques (Eddy Covariance, Remote Sensing, Flux chambers) to improve both spatial and temporal extent of carbon fluxes estimates to finally assess grasslands' productivity.

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

The objective of the IMR-2009615 cruise was to study the distribution of fish and plankton in relation to the occurrence of Lophelia cold-water coral reefs and the general topography in the Traena Deep coral reef field. The acoustic data were collected using the Simrad ER60 scientific echosounder at a cruising speed of 10 knots. Abundance estimations of fish were generated for the 38 kHz data. Three other operating frequencies were used during the survey (18, 120 and 200 kHz) for trace recognition purposes. Echograms were scrutinized using Large Scale Survey System-software. The allocation of area backscattering strengths to species was made by comparison of the appearance of the echo recordings to trawl catches and video recordings. This dataset contains three hundred and sixty (360) vertical profiles of plankton and fish abundance expressed as Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient (NASC) determined from acoustics measurements at 38 kHz. Abundances expressed as NASC (meter square per nautical mile square) can be converted to numbers of individuals using "target strength to length" relationships for the targeted species/group. For single species these relationships can be determined through in situ measurements of target strength during the survey and the size distribution of the insonified fish. The number of fish (N) in a particular area can be calculated using standard equations, e.g. Foote et al. (1987), Toresen et al. (1998), Roa-Ureta and Nikilitschek (2007).