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Using combined individual patient data from prospective studies, we explored sex differences in depression and prognosis post-myocardial infarction (MI) and determined whether disease indices could account for found differences.Individual patient data analysis of 10,175 MI patients who completed diagnostic interviews or depression questionnaires from 16 prospective studies from the MINDMAPS study was conducted. Multilevel logistic and Cox regression models were used to determine sex differences in prevalence of depression and sex-specific effects of depression on subsequent outcomes.Combined interview and questionnaire data from observational studies showed that 36% (635/1760) of women and 29% (1575/5526) of men reported elevated levels of depression (age-adjusted odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.77). The risk for all-cause mortality associated with depression was higher in men (hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.30-1.47) than in women (hazard ratio = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.14-1.31; sex by depression interaction: p.001). Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was associated with higher depression scores in men only (sex by LVEF interaction: B = 0.294, 95% CI = 0.090-0.498), which attenuated the sex difference in the association between depression and prognosis.The prevalence of depression post-MI was higher in women than in men, but the association between depression and cardiac prognosis was worse for men. LVEF was associated with depression in men only and accounted for the increased risk of all-cause mortality in depressed men versus women, suggesting that depression in men post-MI may, in part, reflect cardiovascular disease severity.

Electrotransport of sodium chloride near and through the ASV anion exchange membrane was first investigated. Chronopotentiometric and current-voltage characteristics results have shown that the ASV membrane acts as a totally conducting plane with respect to the transport of NaCl electrolyte. SEM and AFM images contributed to confirm the overall homogeneous surface of the membrane. Further chronopotentiometric studies of the membrane were evaluated in the presence of different alkaline chloride solutions in order to explore the influence of alkali co-ions on the transport phenomena. Membrane characterization led to determine the transport number of chloride counterion in the membrane. It is reported in this work that chronopotentiometry using the Sand equation toward the homogeneous ion exchange membrane is a simple and efficient method for determination of the diffusion coefficient of the electrolytes in the bulk solution. Discussions on the transport properties of the electrolyte solutions in relation with the hydrated ion sizes allowed us to verify the diffusion coefficient of the electrolytes determined by means of chronopotentiometric method.

Dieser Artikel studiert die verschiedenen Ausübungsarten des islamischen kanonischen Gebets; dem ṣalât, bei den Muslimen Frankreichs. Die Autorin will auf der einen Seite aufzeigen, wie die Situationen – individuell oder im Kollektiv, zu Hause oder in der Gesellschaft – sich auf die Gebetsausübung „auswirken“, und auf der anderen Seite nachweisen, wie weit die Ausübung davon entfernt ist kontinuierlich oder linear im Leben des Beobachters zu sein. In der Tat kann sie abgebrochen oder unterbrochen werden, ebenso wie das tägliche Experimentieren Variationen des Glaubens aufdecken kann. Cet article étudie les variations des pratiques de la prière islamique canonique, ṣalât, chez les musulmans de France. L’auteure entend montrer, d’une part, comment les situations d’exécution – individuelle ou collective, domiciliaire ou communautaire – « agissent » sur la pratique et, d’autre part, comment cette pratique est finalement loin d’être continue et linéaire dans la vie de l’observant. En effet, elle peut s’interrompre ou se suspendre, tout comme son expérimentation quotidienne peut révéler des variations du croire. This article explores variations in how Muslims in France perform the canonical Islamic prayer, ṣalât. The study reveals how different prayer contexts–individual versus collective, at home or in a mosque–affect daily religious observance. Instead of a continuous, invariable dimension of worshippers’ lives, prayer is sometimes interrupted or suspended and can also be the focus of experimentation that reveals worshipers’ fluctuating beliefs. International audience