AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vasculopathy. CXCL4 represents an early serum biomarker of severe SSc and likely contributes to inflammation via chemokine signaling pathways, but the exact role of CXCL4 in SSc pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we elucidate an unanticipated mechanism for CXCL4-mediated immune amplification in SSc, in which CXCL4 organizes “self” and microbial DNA into liquid crystalline immune complexes that amplify TLR9-mediated plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-hyperactivation and interferon-α production. Surprisingly, this activity does not require CXCR3, the CXCL4 receptor. Importantly, we find that CXCL4-DNA complexes are present in vivo and correlate with type I interferon (IFN-I) in SSc blood, and that CXCL4-positive skin pDCs coexpress IFN-I-related genes. Thus, we establish a direct link between CXCL4 overexpression and the IFN-I-gene signature in SSc and outline a paradigm in which chemokines can drastically modulate innate immune receptors without being direct agonists.
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citations | 110 | |
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influence | Top 10% | |
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BackgroundThe authors tested three possible pathways linking prenatal maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms. These pathways went through childhood Irritability Symptoms, Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms or Conduct Problems.MethodData were collected from 3,963 mother–child pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Measures include maternal depressive symptoms (pre‐ and postnatal); toddler temperament (2 years); childhood (7–13 years) irritability symptoms, anxiety/depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and adolescent depressive symptoms (16 years).ResultsIrritability Symptoms: This pathway linked sequentially – prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, toddler temperament (high perceived intensity and low perceived adaptability), childhood irritability symptoms, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Anxiety/Depressive symptoms: This pathway linked sequentially – prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, toddler temperament (negative perceived mood), childhood anxiety/depressive symptoms, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Childhood conduct problems were not associated with adolescent depressive symptoms, above and beyond irritability symptoms and anxiety/depressive symptoms.ConclusionsResults suggest evidence for two distinct developmental pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms that involve specific early and midchildhood features.
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Abstract Background Nurses are put at high risk of work-related low back pain due to the nature of their work. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model on promoting behaviors of low back health via two educational approaches. Methods This study was a community randomized-controlled clinical trial. The educational content was developed with six modules: knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, reinforcing factors, enabling factors, and behavior. Intervention was delivered by two modes: (1) in-person (n = 60) and (2) social media (n = 60). Data were evaluated by a self-designed questionnaire at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Baseline comparisons between groups were made with Mann-Whitney U Test and T-Test. Comparison of change scores between groups and two delivery types across the three time periods used the mixed between-within subject analysis of variance. Results A total of 120 nurses received the allocated intervention. All educational component scores increased at 3-months in both groups. At the 6-month follow-up scores increased for enabling factors and behavior in the intervention group, while in the control group all scores increased except for attitude. Based on Bonferroni Post hoc analysis social media was more effective in knowledge, self-efficacy, reinforcing factors, and behavior than the in-person intervention. Conclusion An educational program for low back health based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model proved effective at improving all components. However, social media was more successful than in-person in the maintenance of behavior over the long term. Trial registration: IRCT20170313033054N2: 25-02-2018.https://www.irct.ir/trial/25598
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El contenido del trabajo es un análisis económico-financiero de la empresa Acciona S.A. para el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2014, con el fin de observar la situación de la empresa y la evolución de los aspectos analizados. La primera parte comprende un análisis horizontal y vertical del Balance de Situación y la Cuenta de Perdidas y Ganancias. La segunda parte aporta un análisis de liquidez, solvencia y de resultados. Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas
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pmid: 25072301
pmc: PMC4114555
Contexte La vie urbaine est associée à des modes de vie malsains qui peuvent augmenter le risque de maladies cardiométaboliques. En Afrique subsaharienne (Ass), où la majorité de la population vit dans des zones rurales, on ne sait toujours pas s'il y a une augmentation correspondante des modes de vie malsains, car les zones rurales adoptent des caractéristiques urbaines. Cette étude examine la distribution des caractéristiques urbaines dans les communautés rurales en Ouganda et leurs associations avec les facteurs de risque de maladies chroniques liés au mode de vie. Méthodes et résultats À l'aide des données recueillies en 2011, nous avons examiné les associations transversales entre l'urbanité et les facteurs de risque liés au mode de vie dans les communautés rurales en Ouganda, avec 7 340 participants âgés de 13 ans et plus dans 25 villages. L'urbanité a été définie selon une échelle à plusieurs composantes, et des modèles de régression de Poisson ont été utilisés pour examiner les associations entre l'urbanité et les facteurs de risque liés au mode de vie par quartile d'urbanité. Bien que tous les villages n'aient pas de routes pavées et d'eau courante, les niveaux d'urbanité variaient considérablement d'un village à l'autre, en grande partie en raison des différences dans l'activité économique, les infrastructures civiles et la disponibilité des services d'éducation et de santé. Dans les modèles de régression, après ajustement pour le regroupement et les facteurs de confusion potentiels, y compris le statut socio-économique, l'urbanisation croissante était associée à une augmentation des facteurs de risque liés au mode de vie tels que l'inactivité physique (rapport de risque [RR] : 1,19 ; IC à 95 % : 1,14, 1,24), la faible consommation de fruits et légumes (RR : 1,17 ; IC à 95 % : 1,10, 1,23) et l'indice de masse corporelle élevé (RR : 1,48 ; IC à 95 % : 1,24, 1,77). Conclusions Cette étude indique que même dans les communautés rurales d'Afrique subsaharienne, l'urbanisation croissante est associée à une prévalence plus élevée des facteurs de risque liés au mode de vie pour les maladies cardiométaboliques. Cette constatation souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte l'impact sanitaire de l'urbanisation dans les zones rurales de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Veuillez voir plus loin dans l'article pour le résumé des éditeurs Antecedentes La vida urbana se asocia con estilos de vida poco saludables que pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades cardiometabólicas. En el África subsahariana (SSA), donde la mayoría de las personas viven en zonas rurales, todavía no está claro si hay un aumento correspondiente en los estilos de vida poco saludables a medida que las zonas rurales adoptan características urbanas. Este estudio examina la distribución de las características urbanas en las comunidades rurales de Uganda y sus asociaciones con los factores de riesgo de estilo de vida para las enfermedades crónicas. Métodos y hallazgos Utilizando los datos recopilados en 2011, examinamos las asociaciones transversales entre la urbanidad y los factores de riesgo del estilo de vida en las comunidades rurales de Uganda, con 7.340 participantes de 13 años o más en 25 aldeas. La urbanicidad se definió de acuerdo con una escala multicomponente, y se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson para examinar las asociaciones entre la urbanicidad y los factores de riesgo del estilo de vida por cuartil de urbanicidad. A pesar de que todas las aldeas no tenían carreteras pavimentadas y agua corriente, hubo una marcada variación en los niveles de urbanismo en las aldeas, en gran parte atribuible a las diferencias en la actividad económica, la infraestructura civil y la disponibilidad de servicios educativos y de salud. En los modelos de regresión, después del ajuste por agrupamiento y posibles factores de confusión, incluido el nivel socioeconómico, el aumento de la urbanidad se asoció con un aumento de los factores de riesgo del estilo de vida, como la inactividad física (cociente de riesgos [RR]: 1,19; IC del 95%: 1,14; 1,24), el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras (RR: 1,17; IC del 95%: 1,10; 1,23) y el alto índice de masa corporal (RR: 1,48; IC del 95%: 1,24; 1,77). Conclusiones Este estudio indica que incluso en las comunidades rurales de SSA, el aumento de la urbanidad se asocia con una mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo de estilo de vida para enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Este hallazgo destaca la necesidad de considerar el impacto en la salud de la urbanización en las zonas rurales en toda la SSA. Consulte más adelante en el artículo el Resumen de los editores Background Urban living is associated with unhealthy lifestyles that can increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the majority of people live in rural areas, it is still unclear if there is a corresponding increase in unhealthy lifestyles as rural areas adopt urban characteristics. This study examines the distribution of urban characteristics across rural communities in Uganda and their associations with lifestyle risk factors for chronic diseases. Methods and Findings Using data collected in 2011, we examined cross-sectional associations between urbanicity and lifestyle risk factors in rural communities in Uganda, with 7,340 participants aged 13 y and above across 25 villages. Urbanicity was defined according to a multi-component scale, and Poisson regression models were used to examine associations between urbanicity and lifestyle risk factors by quartile of urbanicity. Despite all of the villages not having paved roads and running water, there was marked variation in levels of urbanicity across the villages, largely attributable to differences in economic activity, civil infrastructure, and availability of educational and healthcare services. In regression models, after adjustment for clustering and potential confounders including socioeconomic status, increasing urbanicity was associated with an increase in lifestyle risk factors such as physical inactivity (risk ratio [RR]: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.24), low fruit and vegetable consumption (RR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.23), and high body mass index (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.77). Conclusions This study indicates that even across rural communities in SSA, increasing urbanicity is associated with a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. This finding highlights the need to consider the health impact of urbanization in rural areas across SSA. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary خلفية ترتبط الحياة الحضرية بأنماط الحياة غير الصحية التي يمكن أن تزيد من خطر الإصابة بأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية. في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، حيث يعيش غالبية الناس في المناطق الريفية، لا يزال من غير الواضح ما إذا كانت هناك زيادة مقابلة في أنماط الحياة غير الصحية حيث تتبنى المناطق الريفية الخصائص الحضرية. تبحث هذه الدراسة في توزيع الخصائص الحضرية عبر المجتمعات الريفية في أوغندا وارتباطاتها بعوامل خطر نمط الحياة للأمراض المزمنة. الطرق والنتائج باستخدام البيانات التي تم جمعها في عام 2011، قمنا بفحص الارتباطات المستعرضة بين التحضر وعوامل خطر نمط الحياة في المجتمعات الريفية في أوغندا، مع 7340 مشاركًا تتراوح أعمارهم بين 13 عامًا وما فوق في 25 قرية. تم تعريف العمران وفقًا لمقياس متعدد المكونات، وتم استخدام نماذج انحدار بواسون لفحص الارتباطات بين العمران وعوامل خطر نمط الحياة من خلال ربع العمران. على الرغم من عدم وجود طرق معبدة ومياه جارية في جميع القرى، كان هناك تباين ملحوظ في مستويات التحضر في جميع أنحاء القرى، ويعزى ذلك إلى حد كبير إلى الاختلافات في النشاط الاقتصادي والبنية التحتية المدنية وتوافر الخدمات التعليمية وخدمات الرعاية الصحية. في نماذج الانحدار، بعد تعديل التجميع والمربكات المحتملة بما في ذلك الوضع الاجتماعي والاقتصادي، ارتبطت زيادة التحضر بزيادة عوامل خطر نمط الحياة مثل الخمول البدني (نسبة الخطر [RR]: 1.19 ؛ 95 ٪ CI: 1.14، 1.24)، وانخفاض استهلاك الفواكه والخضروات (RR: 1.17 ؛ 95 ٪ CI: 1.10، 1.23)، وارتفاع مؤشر كتلة الجسم (RR: 1.48 ؛ 95 ٪ CI: 1.24، 1.77). الاستنتاجات تشير هذه الدراسة إلى أنه حتى في المجتمعات الريفية في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، ترتبط زيادة التحضر بارتفاع معدل انتشار عوامل خطر نمط الحياة لأمراض القلب والأيض. تسلط هذه النتيجة الضوء على الحاجة إلى النظر في التأثير الصحي للتحضر في المناطق الريفية في جميع أنحاء أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى. يرجى الاطلاع لاحقًا في المقالة للحصول على ملخص المحررين
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citations | 65 | |
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Additional file 1: Table S5. Themes and supporting quotations. A table containing the analytical themes, descriptive themes, and supporting quotations extracted from the included studies in this systematic review.
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We investigate the problem of recovering a partially observed high-rank matrix whose columns obey a nonlinear structure such as a union of subspaces, an algebraic variety or grouped in clusters. The recovery problem is formulated as the rank minimization of a nonlinear feature map applied to the original matrix, which is then further approximated by a constrained non-convex optimization problem involving the Grassmann manifold. We propose two sets of algorithms, one arising from Riemannian optimization and the other as an alternating minimization scheme, both of which include first- and second-order variants. Both sets of algorithms have theoretical guarantees. In particular, for the alternating minimization, we establish global convergence and worst-case complexity bounds. Additionally, using the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz property, we show that the alternating minimization converges to a unique limit point. We provide extensive numerical results for the recovery of union of subspaces and clustering under entry sampling and dense Gaussian sampling. Our methods are competitive with existing approaches and, in particular, high accuracy is achieved in the recovery using Riemannian second-order methods. Fixed some typos in version 2
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Murine norovirus (MNV) is widely used as a model for studying norovirus biology. While MNV isolates vary in their pathogenesis, infection of immunocompetent mice mostly results in persistent infection. The ability of a virus to establish a persistent infection is dependent on its ability to subvert or avoid the host immune response. Previously, we described the identification and characterization of virulence factor 1 (VF1) in MNV, and demonstrated its role as an innate immune antagonist. Here, we explore the role of VF1 during persistent MNV infection in an immunocompetent host. Using reverse genetics, we generated MNV-3 viruses carrying a single or a triple termination codon inserted in the VF1 ORF. VF1-deleted MNV-3 replicated to comparable levels to the wildtype virus in tissue culture. Comparative studies between MNV-3 and an acute MNV-1 strain show that MNV-3 VF1 exerts the same functions as MNV-1 VF1, but with reduced potency. C57BL/6 mice infected with VF1-deleted MNV-3 showed significantly reduced replication kinetics during the acute phase of the infection, but viral loads rapidly reached the levels seen in mice infected with wildtype virus after phenotypic restoration of VF1 expression. Infection with an MNV-3 mutant that had three termination codons inserted into VF1, in which reversion was suppressed, resulted in consistently lower replication throughout a 3 month persistent infection in mice, suggesting a role for VF1 in viral fitness in vivo. Our results indicate that VF1 expressed by a persistent strain of MNV also functions to antagonize the innate response to infection. We found that VF1 is not essential for viral persistence, but instead contributes to viral fitness in mice. These data fit with the hypothesis that noroviruses utilize multiple mechanisms to avoid and/or control the host response to infection and that VF1 is just one component of this.
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handle: 11567/1071040
Intelligent and autonomous agents is a subarea of symbolic artificial intelligence where these agents decide, either reactively or proactively, upon a course of action by reasoning about the information that is available about the world (including the environment, the agent itself, and other agents). It encompasses a multitude of techniques, such as negotiation protocols, agent simulation, multi-agent argumentation, multi-agent planning, and many others. In this paper, we focus on agent programming and we provide a systematic review of the literature in agent-based programming for multi-agent systems. In particular, we discuss both veteran (still maintained) and novel agent programming languages, their extensions, work on comparing some of these languages, and applications found in the literature that make use of agent programming.
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citations | 54 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
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AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vasculopathy. CXCL4 represents an early serum biomarker of severe SSc and likely contributes to inflammation via chemokine signaling pathways, but the exact role of CXCL4 in SSc pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we elucidate an unanticipated mechanism for CXCL4-mediated immune amplification in SSc, in which CXCL4 organizes “self” and microbial DNA into liquid crystalline immune complexes that amplify TLR9-mediated plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-hyperactivation and interferon-α production. Surprisingly, this activity does not require CXCR3, the CXCL4 receptor. Importantly, we find that CXCL4-DNA complexes are present in vivo and correlate with type I interferon (IFN-I) in SSc blood, and that CXCL4-positive skin pDCs coexpress IFN-I-related genes. Thus, we establish a direct link between CXCL4 overexpression and the IFN-I-gene signature in SSc and outline a paradigm in which chemokines can drastically modulate innate immune receptors without being direct agonists.
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citations | 110 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 1% |
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BackgroundThe authors tested three possible pathways linking prenatal maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms. These pathways went through childhood Irritability Symptoms, Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms or Conduct Problems.MethodData were collected from 3,963 mother–child pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Measures include ma