• Publicationsclose
• Other literature type close

International audience

Antecedentes: los deberes escolares son una práctica universal utilizada en la mayoría de las escuelas y que está frecuentemente asociada al rendimiento académico. Uno de los pilares básicos en esta asociación es la implicación de los padres. Sin embargo, los datos de la investigación pasada indican que la implicación parental puede tener efectos positivos y negativos, dependiendo del tipo de implicación. Método: desde una perspectiva fenomenográfica, con el propósito de mapear las distintas concepciones de los padres sobre su implicación en los deberes escolares, fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas a 32 padres de alumnos de 4.º de Educación Primaria. Resultados: los padres participantes en el estudio presentan una perspectiva positiva de su implicación en los deberes escolares y el aprendizaje académico. Los datos obtenidos indican que los padres pueden implicarse para: a) promocionar la autonomía de los niños; b) controlar el aprendizaje y sus resultados; y c) aportar apoyo motivacional y emocional (principalmente en presencia de dificultades). Conclusiones: dado que los padres perciben importante su implicación en los deberes escolares de los hijos, es necesario promover la colaboración entre los padres y profesores y talleres de formación de padres para mejorar la calidad de su implicación en los deberes. Background: Homework is a universal practice used in schools, and is commonly related to academic achievement. According to literature, parental homework involvement has positive and negative aspects, depending on parents' behaviors. Method: Assuming a phenomenographic perspective, this study examined 4th graders' parents' conceptions of their involvement in homework. With the purpose of mapping the parents' various conceptions of homework involvement, 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed. Results: The results show that parents' conceptions of homework involvement have a positive meaning, and focus primarily on the role played in the promotion of academic learning by (a) fostering their children's autonomy, (b) exerting control over their learning, and (c) providing them with emotional encouragement (when children struggle with difficulties). Conclusions: Given that parents perceive their involvement in their children's homework as important, it is necessary to promote parent-teacher collaboration and parent-training workshops to improve the quality of parental homework involvement.

Rad je motiviran činjenicom da je mrkopaljski govor klasificiran kao idiom ikavskoga dijalekta štokavskoga narječja, unatoč činjenici da su svi dosadašnji istraživači opservirali u njemu i velik broj jezičnih činjenica koje se u klasifikacijama svrstavaju među čakavske posebnosti ili među zajedničke čakavsko-štokavske jezične crte. U radu se dijalektološkom aparaturom interpretiraju 34 takve fonološke, fonetske, morfonološke i morfološke kategorije, te 273 leksičke jedinice. Potvrde su uzete iz ukupne građe o mrkopaljskome govoru prikupljene tijekom 20. i početkom 21. stoljeća. Raščlamba i interpretacija građe uz primjenu instrumentarija temeljena na teoriji razlikovnosti vodi zaključku da u mrkopaljskome govoru supostoje dva sustava, štokavski i čakavski, što bi trebalo uzeti u obzir i pri dijalektološkoj klasifikaciji ovoga idioma. The paper was inspired by the fact that the idiom of Mrkopalj is identified as an idiom of the Ikavian-Štokavian dialect, despite the fact that all the studies on the idiom so far show a great number of Čakavian or common Čakavian- Štokavian linguistic features. Using dialectological apparatus 34 phonological, phonetic, morphonological and morphological categories, and 273 lexical units are interpreted. Examples are taken from total data on the idiom of Mrkopalj collected throughout the twentieth and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Analysis and interpretation of the data based on the diversity theory lead to conclusion that there are two systems coexisting within the idiom of Mrkopalj, the Štokavian and the Čakavian, which should be taken into consideration when classifying this idiom dialectologically.

ALA occurrence record download

Lungfishes are the closest living relatives of the tetrapods, and the ear of recent lungfishes resembles the tetrapod ear more than the ear of ray-finned fishes and is therefore of interest for understanding the evolution of hearing in the early tetrapods. The water-to-land transition resulted in major changes in the tetrapod ear associated with the detection of air-borne sound pressure, as evidenced by the late and independent origins of tympanic ears in all of the major tetrapod groups. To investigate lungfish pressure and vibration detection, we measured the sensitivity and frequency responses of five West African lungfish ( Protopterus annectens ) using brainstem potentials evoked by calibrated sound and vibration stimuli in air and water. We find that the lungfish ear has good low-frequency vibration sensitivity, like recent amphibians, but poor sensitivity to air-borne sound. The skull shows measurable vibrations above 100 Hz when stimulated by air-borne sound, but the ear is apparently insensitive at these frequencies, suggesting that the lungfish ear is neither adapted nor pre-adapted for aerial hearing. Thus, if the lungfish ear is a model of the ear of early tetrapods, their auditory sensitivity was limited to very low frequencies on land, mostly mediated by substrate-borne vibrations.

Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a key tool in HIV prevention efforts, little is known about PrEP as a prevention strategy for criminal justice-involved (CJI) women. The purpose of this study was to examine multilevel factors shaping PrEP awareness and acceptability among CJI women. Between January 2017 and December 2017, we conducted 52 interviews with CJI women at high risk for HIV and stakeholders from the criminal justice (CJ) and public health (PH) systems. Interviews explored awareness of PrEP and the multilevel factors shaping PrEP acceptability. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and executive summaries. Atlas.ti facilitated analyses. The majority of CJI women (n = 27) were, on average, 41.3 years, from racial and ethnic minority groups (56% Black/African-American; 19% Latinx) and reported engaging in recent high-risk behavior (nearly 60% engaged in transactional sex, 22% reported ≥ 4 sexual partners, and 37% reported injection drug use). Of system stakeholders (n = 25), 52% represented the CJ sector. Although CJI women were generally unaware of PrEP, attitudes toward PrEP were enthusiastic. Barriers to PrEP acceptability included medication side effects (individual level); distrust in HIV prevention mechanisms (community level); lack of local HIV prevention efforts among high-risk women (public policy/HIV epidemic stage level). Factors promoting PrEP included perceived HIV risk (individual level); PrEP being an HIV prevention method that women can control without partner negotiation (social and sexual network level); and availability of public health insurance (community level). Despite low awareness of PrEP, CJI women expressed positive attitudes toward PrEP. To improve PrEP access for CJI women, implementation efforts should address barriers and leverage facilitators across multiple levels to be maximally effective.

The genetic diversity of pear local varieties prospected in mountainous areas from Northeastern Spain (Pyrenees and Iberian Cordillera) is not well known so far. In this study, an overall set of 252 accessions (178 prospected in mountainous areas from Aragon and a diverse set of 74 reference cultivars) was analyzed using 14 SSRs in order to estimate its genetic diversity and to identify the genetic structure and relationships among the pear germplasm studied. A total of 251 distinct alleles were successfully amplified with an average of 17.9 alleles per locus and with a wide genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity of 0.82). In total, 228 unique genotypes were identified and 210 genotypes were represented by a single accession indicating a situation of extreme vulnerability of these pear genetic resources held in the CITA collection. An amount of 32.9% of accessions were considered triploids displaying three alleles at least into two loci. Genetic analyses performed by a model-based Bayesian procedure, principal coordinate analysis and analysis of molecular variance supported the presence of a genetic stratification with the existence of four sub-groups among the accessions, with a highly significant differentiation (FST = 0.132 0.001). These results shed light on the characterization and genetic relatedness between these local accessions and currently cultivated pear cultivars and highlight the importance to safeguarding this diversity that might be essential for new breeding programs. p <