Two high voltage direct current transmission line circuits have been simulated in the PSIM software, one employing the Individual Phase Control scheme and the other, Equidistant Pulse Control scheme. This paper presents the circuitry employed in the two simulations and the results obtained from both. It is shown that the circuit employing the former scheme suffers from an excess of non-characteristic harmonics when operating with a weak AC system whereas the latter can work on weak AC systems without problems of harmonic instability because it generates firing pulses independent of the AC source. The implementation of the two schemes clearly demonstrates how one is dependent on the feedback from the source whilst the other utilizes a Phase Locked Loop to circumvent this problem.
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In recent times, the term ‘local economic development’ has been conceptualised and introduced as a bottom-up participatory development strategy in Ghana. It is intended to be implemented at the district level to facilitate the revitalisation of the local economy and create jobs for local residents. Using in-depth interviews and the analysis of relevant policy documents, this paper evaluates efforts aimed at institutionalising the practice in local institutional frameworks and development planning practice in the country. The paper found out that processes aimed at institutionalising contemporary local economic development practice in Ghana are not making any meaningful impact. Institutional frameworks such as the structuring of development policymaking and planning in the country are still rigid and promote bureaucratic top-down development decision-making processes. Similarly, the promotion of a meaningful bottom-up decentralised planning system is only a well-packaged talk by policymakers in the country. Evidence shows that there is a clear lack of political will to implement reforms, particularly the new decentralisation policy that seeks to make District Assemblies in Ghana responsive to local economic development promotion. There is the need for a conscious effort towards making local economic development practice matter in national and local development endeavour in Ghana.
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citations | 11 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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doi: 10.1007/bf02195964
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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citations | 4 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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doi: 10.1002/jca.1017
pmid: 11746533
AbstractDonor lymphocyte transfusion has gained considerable interest as adoptive cellular immunotherapy for prevention or treatment of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This study was designed to compare the yield of CD3+, CD3+4+, CD3+8+, CD19+, CD3−56+16+, and CD34+ cells contained in apheresis products from 61 consecutive non‐cytokine treated, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched donors for lymphocyte collection with the corresponding apheresis‐derived cell yield from 112 consecutive, HLA‐matched donors for blood stem cell collection who received recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF, filgrastim) 6 μg/kg every 12 hours until cell collection was completed. Apheresis was started on day 4 or 5 of rhG‐CSF treatment. The yield of lymphoid subsets was significantly different in the two sample groups, rhG‐CSF treated product yields exceeding untreated product yields by a median of 2.1‐fold (range: 1.3–2.6). However, the CD34+ cell yield in rhG‐CSF‐treated apheresis products exceeded untreated products by 26‐fold. A single untreated apheresis procedure was usually sufficient to collect a target dose of 1 × 108/kg CD3+ cells. Untreated apheresis products contained a median of 0.2 × 106/kg CD34+ cells. A potential engraftment dose of ≥0.5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg of recipient body weight was contained in 16% of 57 untreated apheresis products. One single apheresis performed in a normal, untreated donor provides a sufficient amount of CD3+ cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Compared with that of an rhG‐CSF stimulated apheresis product, the CD34+ cell count is usually, but not always, below the engraftment dose range. RhG‐CSF treatment has little effect on the yield of lymphoid subsets collected by apheresis but is highly selective of the release of CD34+ cells. This report provides baseline data for studies that will show whether other cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and/or Flt‐3 Ligand can immunomodulate allotransfusates in vivo to improve the graft‐vs.‐leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, while lowering the incidence and severity of graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD). J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:82–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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bronze |
citations | 10 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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Abstract Background In the present study, different concentrations of lead (factor A; 0, 15, and 30 mg L −1) and cadmium (factor B; 0 and 5 mg L −1) were applied via irrigation water during 6 months to evaluate their effects on growth of European hackberry (Celtis australis L.) plants. The experiment was arranged in factorial with completely randomized design and four replications under greenhouse conditions. Results Application of 5 mg L −1 Cd or the lead levels (15 and 30 mg L −1) significantly reduced new shoot growth, plant leaf area, SPAD value, leaf water conductance and leaf photosynthesis, whereas significant increase in number of chlorotic and necrotic leaves, leaf transpiration rate, leaf proline and soluble sugars was observed. Higher reduction in new shoot growth and leaf water conductance and higher increase in leaf soluble sugars and proline was observed over the interaction of 5 mg L −1 Cd and 30 mg L −1 Pb. The highest soluble sugars and proline were in Pb30Cd5 (a3b2) treatment. Leaf Pb or Cd concentration was increased following their treatment. Application of cadmium significantly reduced leaf Pb, and similarly leaf Cd was significantly reduced by application of lead at both levels compared to untreated plants. Conclusion The results showed that the hackberry growth was influenced by positive and negative interactions of Pb and Cd applied in irrigation water. The extent of growth reduction indicates that hackberry represents a relatively tolerant ornamental tree to high Pb and Cd levels.
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gold |
citations | 49 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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pmid: 9337493
This study compared therapeutic foci in a sampling of 30 cognitive-behavioral and 27 psychodynamic-interpersonal manual-driven treatments for depression. High- and low-impact sessions were coded for each client, with the Coding System of Therapeutic Focus. Results indicated that psychodynamic-interpersonal sessions focused more on such variables as emotion, patterns, incongruities, the impact that others made on clients, clients' expected reaction of others, the tendency to avoid therapeutic progress, therapists themselves, clients' parents, and links between people and time periods in clients' lives. Cognitive-behavioral sessions placed greater emphasis on external circumstances and clients' ability to make decisions, gave more support and information and encouraged between-session experiences, and focused more on the future. Relatively few differences emerged as a function of session impact. Results are discussed in terms of the different and similar theoretical conceptions of the change process.
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bronze |
citations | 60 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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pmid: 20929982
A 55-year-old male patient was referred with a 1-month history of dyspnoea NYHA III and chest pain, 10 years after aortic replacement due to acute type A dissection. Angiography displayed an abnormal configuration of the supracoronary graft ( Panel A , arrow), and invasive blood pressure monitoring revealed a peak-to-peak gradient of 180 mmHg confirming …
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Green | |
bronze |
citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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With an increased interest in applications that require a clean background image, such as video surveillance, object tracking, street view imaging and location-based services on web-based maps, multiple algorithms have been developed to reconstruct a background image from cluttered scenes. Traditionally, statistical measures and existing image quality techniques have been applied for evaluating the quality of the reconstructed background images. Though these quality assessment methods have been widely used in the past, their performance in evaluating the perceived quality of the reconstructed background image has not been verified. In this work, we discuss the shortcomings in existing metrics and propose a full reference Reconstructed Background image Quality Index (RBQI) that combines color and structural information at multiple scales using a probability summation model to predict the perceived quality in the reconstructed background image given a reference image. To compare the performance of the proposed quality index with existing image quality assessment measures, we construct two different datasets consisting of reconstructed background images and corresponding subjective scores. The quality assessment measures are evaluated by correlating their objective scores with human subjective ratings. The correlation results show that the proposed RBQI outperforms all the existing approaches. Additionally, the constructed datasets and the corresponding subjective scores provide a benchmark to evaluate the performance of future metrics that are developed to evaluate the perceived quality of reconstructed background images.
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Green | |
gold |
citations | 1 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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Two high voltage direct current transmission line circuits have been simulated in the PSIM software, one employing the Individual Phase Control scheme and the other, Equidistant Pulse Control scheme. This paper presents the circuitry employed in the two simulations and the results obtained from both. It is shown that the circuit employing the former scheme suffers from an excess of non-characteristic harmonics when operating with a weak AC system whereas the latter can work on weak AC systems without problems of harmonic instability because it generates firing pulses independent of the AC source. The implementation of the two schemes clearly demonstrates how one is dependent on the feedback from the source whilst the other utilizes a Phase Locked Loop to circumvent this problem.
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citations | 1 | |
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influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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In recent times, the term ‘local economic development’ has been conceptualised and introduced as a bottom-up participatory development strategy in Ghana. It is intended to be implemented at the district level to facilitate the revitalisation of the local economy and create jobs for local residents. Using in-depth interviews and the analysis of relevant policy documents, this paper evaluates efforts aimed at institutionalising the practice in local institutional frameworks and development planning practice in the country. The paper found out that processes aimed at institutionalising contemporary local economic development practice in Ghana are not making any meaningful impact. Institutional frameworks such as the structuring of development policymaking and planning in the country are still rigid and promote bureaucratic top-down development decision-making processes. Similarly, the promotion of a meaningful bottom-up decentralised planning system is only a well-packaged talk by policymakers in the country. Evidence shows that there is a clear lack of political will to implement reforms, particularly the new decentralisation policy that seeks to make District Assemblies in Ghana responsive to local economic development promotion. There is the need for a conscious effort towards making local economic development practice matter in national and local development endeavour in Ghana.
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bronze |
citations | 11 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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doi: 10.1007/bf02195964
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citations | 1 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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