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  • Authors: Z, N. (Nurlaila); Susilawaty, E. (Entit); Isabela, E. (Epy);

    PENGEMBANGAN PEMBUATAN TEKNESIUM-99m NITRIDOPENTANA-2,4-DION BIS(N-METILTIOSEMIKARBAZON) SEBAGAI SEDIAAN RADIOFARMASI. Pembuatan senyawa teknesium-99m nitrido pentana-2,4-dion bis(N-metiltiosemikarbazon) (99mTcNPETS) telah dilakukan menggunakan donor nitrogen natrium azida. Akan tetapi metode ini mempunyai beberapa keterbatasan untuk penggunaan dalam kedokteran nuklir, khususnya mengenal sterilitas dan apirogenitas dan radiofarmaka. Pada penelitian ini telah dikembangkan alternatif lain dalam pembuatan senyawa 99mTcPETS teras nitrido melalui reaksi substitusi antara senyawa 99mTc≡N perantara berupa senyawa 99mTcNCI2(PPh3)2 dengan ligan PETS. Kondisi pembentukan senyawa perantara 99mTcNCl2(PPh3)2 dengan efisiensi penandaan 90% dicapai pada pemakaian 0,976 mg S-metilditiokarbazat, 1,050 mg PPh3, 10 µL HCI 10M, dengan waktu inkubasi selama 15 hingga 30 menit pada temperatur 80 °C, serta pemakaian 1,026 mg PETS, pH 7 dengan waktu inkubasi selama 15 hingga 45 menit pada temperatur yang sama untuk reaksi substitusi membentuk 99mTcNPETS. Dengan efisiensi penandaan ≥ 90%. Efisiensi penandaan 99mTcNPETS diketahui dari kemurnian radiokimianya yang ditentukan secara kromatografi lapis tipis menaik menggunakan plat silika gel 60 dengan 2 macam pelarut, masing-masing pelarut campuran etanol-kloroform-toluen-amonium asetat 0,5M: pH 7 (6 : 3 : 3 : 1) dan pelarut campuran metanol-asetonitril-THF-amonium asetat 0,5M; pH 7 (3 : 3 : 2 : 2). Uji stabilitas senyawa 99mTcNPETS terhadap waktu penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa setelah disimpan selama 4 jam pada temperatur kamar, senyawa tersebut masih stabil dengan tingkat kemurnian ≥ 90 %

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  • Authors: Munir, M. (Muhammad);

    The objectives of this study were to develop Screencast-based learning media for the course of spreadsheets and to investigate its performance. This study utilised research and development approach that consists of: (1) Preparation that includes preparing the tools and materials (2) Recording that includes selecting an area of captures, recording mode screencast, and audio settings on the recording device, (3) Editing that includes adding drawing and callouts elements, editing the timeline, adding zooming effects, animation effects, and audio supports for the introduction, backsound, and narration, (4) Publishing that includes publishing the edited video into a single unit, converting the video format into mp4 with the format factory, (5) Finishing that includes making quizzes then merging the videos and quizzes into united media with the.exe extension. The performance of the media video has achieved the determined plan. When it is run, auto play menu appears to select the screencast.exe.

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  • Authors: Budianta, M. (Melani);
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  • Authors: makaminan, Afrilia;

    Penyakit kusta adalah penyakit kronik yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium leprae (M.leprae) yang pertama kali menyerang saraf tepi, selanjutnya dapat menyerang kulit, mukosa dan organ tubuh lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik lingkungan fisik rumah penderita kusta di wilayah Puskesmas Nuangan Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Populasi dan sampel yaitu 11 penderita kusta. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan observasional serta analisis data menggunakan analisis persentase. Hasil penelitian kondisi fisik rumah dilihat dari jenis rumah yakni non permanen 2 rumah (20%), semi permanen 6 rumah (60%), permanen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis atap seng 9 rumah (90%), atap rumbia 1 rumah (10%). Jenis dinding kayu 8 rumah (80%), dinding semen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis lantai kayu 5 rumah (50%), lantai semen 3 rumah (30%), lantai tanah 2 rumah (20%). Ventilasi ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 7 (70%), Ventilasi kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 6 (60%). Suhu ruang tamu tidak memenuhi syarat 9 (90%), Suhu kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 10 (100%). Kelembaban ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 8 (80%), Kelembaban kamar tidur memenuhi syarat 7 (70%). Kepadatan hunian tidak memenuhi syarat 6 rumah (60%). Hasil penelitian kondisi fisik rumah dilihat dari jenis rumah yakni non permanen 2 rumah (20%), semi permanen 6 rumah (60%), permanen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis atap seng 9 rumah (90%), atap rumbia 1 rumah (10%). Jenis dinding kayu 8 rumah (80%), dinding semen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis lantai kayu 5 rumah (50%), lantai semen 3 rumah (30%), lantai tanah 2 rumah (20%). Ventilasi ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 7 (70%), Ventilasi kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 6 (60%). Suhu ruang tamu tidak memenuhi syarat 9 (90%), Suhu kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 10 (100%). Kelembaban ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 8 (80%), Kelembaban kamar tidur memenuhi syarat 7 (70%). Kepadatan hunian tidak memenuhi syarat 6 rumah (60%). Perlunya memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit kusta, sebagai usaha untuk menurunkan kejadian kusta di Wilayah Puskesmas Nuangan Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Perlunya memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit kusta, sebagai usaha untuk menurunkan kejadian kusta di Wilayah Puskesmas Nuangan Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Kata Kunci : karakteristik penderita kusta, lingkungan fisik rumah Kata Kunci : karakteristik penderita kusta, lingkungan fisik rumah

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  • Authors: Sahetapy, W. L. (Wilma);

    Masa pandemi Covid-19 menjadi masalah tersendiri bagi anak-anak yang menempuh pendidikan dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Adanya pembelajaran jarak jauh membuat anak-anak untuk lebih dekat dan banyak bersentuhan dengan teknologi digital. Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang menjadi salah satu alat pembelajaran mereka. Namun tanpa disadari, anak-anak dibawah umur tersebut terjebak dalam dunia maya yang mereka tidak tahu bahaya di dalamnya. Sebab tidak semua anak mempunyai pengetahuan yang benar mengenai dunia digital tersebut. Oleh karena itu bagi orang tua yang tidak memberikan pengawasan terhadap anak-anaknya rawan bermunculan permasalahan baru. Banyak anak-anak yang menghabiskan masa pembelajaran jarak jauh ini juga dengan hiburan menggunakan sosial media dan game online. Hal ini tanpa disadari oleh anak-anak data pribadi seperti alamat email, nama depan, nama belakang, hobi, foto, video tidak terlindungi. Perlindungan data pribadi perlu diperhatikan bagi anak khususnya di masa pandemi Covid-19.

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  • Authors: Ruswahyuningsi, M. C. (M); Afiatin, T. (Tina);

    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang resiliensi pada remaja Jawa dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya terkait dengan permasalahannya didalam keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe fenomenologi. Responden penelitian ini, adalah remaja Jawa berusia 16 tahun sampai 21 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kemampuan resiliensi pada remaja Jawa yang dipengaruhi resiliensi keluarga, teman sebaya, dan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa rila, narima, dan sabar, religiusitas dan lingkungan sosial. Remaja yang mengalami konflik dalam keluarga ternyata mampu keluar dari tekanan dan bangkit dari peristiwa-peristiwa buruk masa lalu. Sikap resiliensi mencakup kemampuan remaja menghindari stres yang menekan atau depresi yang dialaminya dan tetap produktif.

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  • Authors: Elisa Susanti; Ridho Harta; Ari Karyana; Mas Halimah;

    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain video pembelajaran dan menentukan unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam video pembelajaran pada pendidikan jarak jauh sehingga dapat efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Studi kasus dilakukan di Program Studi Administrasi Publik Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian evaluatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Melalui metode ini dilakukan penilaian sistematis terhadap kegiatan dan atau hasil dari suatu program perancangan video sebagai sarana untuk memberikan kontribusi untuk perbaikan perancangan video. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini adalah pengukuran input (berupa perancangan video), pengukuran output, dan pengukuran outcome (berupa pengukuran peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa). Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu pre test, post test, angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga desain video yang telah dirancang mampu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Agar dapat efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa, unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam video pembelajaran harus meliputi aspek konten, durasi video, bentuk media video, penggunaan warna, music dan ilustrasi, presenter, penggunaan bahasa, dan penugasan melalui video. This study aims to design educational videos and to determine the elements that exist in educational videos to be effective to improve students' understanding, especially for distance learning students. The case study was carried out in the study program of Public Administration of the Indonesia Open University. The research method is evaluation research with descriptive quantitative approach. Through this method, an assessment of the activities and/or outcomes of video design was conducted, as a means to provide feedback for some improvement in video design. The steps in this research were input measurement (video design), output measurement, and outcome measurement (measurement of improvement of student understanding). Data collection techniques included pre-test, posttest, questionnaire, interview, and observation. The results showed that the three designed videos are able to improve student understanding. In order to be effective in enhancing student understanding, video learning elements must include aspects of content, video duration, video media forms, color USAge, music and illustrations, presenters, language use, and video-based assignments.

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  • Authors: Shahid, I. (Ismail); Venturi, L. A. (Luis);

    This research attempts to assess the causes and damages of the 2010 flood that severely affected the Hameed Dheri and Faqeer Abad, District charssada Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province Pakistan and suggest recommendations for overcoming future events of this nature. Pakistan is famous for its summer floods, but the 2010 flood was considered the worst of the 21st century. It broke all previous records in terms of discharge, damage and amount of rain. Flood seriously affects the agriculture sector, and physical infrastructure in the area. Flood hazard hinders the socio-economic development of the study area. Data for this study were obtained from primary and secondary sources. A total of 180 questionnaires were answered by that flood victims. However, secondary data were obtained from the Pakistan Meteorological Department, the Flood Prediction and Warning Centre, the Federal Flood Commission, the Provincial Disaster Management Authority, the Surface Waters and the Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authority. The analysis reveals that heavy and prolonged rainfall was the main cause of the 2010 floods. In addition, the Rapid deforestation, stagnation of the river by the highway, blocking bridges by tree trunks and the subsequent collapse of temporary dams have all played their part in causing disastrous flooding in almost all rivers from KPK. This article consists of many sections. After a brief introduction of the study, section two gives a description of the study area, Section three states research methodology, Section four highlights causes of floods, Section five deals with impacts/damages of floods and section six evaluates flood hazard reduction measurements. Section seven gives findings of the study whereas section eight suggests recommendations for mitigation of flood disasters.

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  • Authors: Elisaphenko, E. A. (Eugeny); Malakhova, A. A. (Anastasia);

    Antisense transcription is an important mechanism of gene expression regulation. Antisense RNAs play a role in mRNA processing, translation and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones in the locus of their origin, leading to gene silencing. HTT is a widely expressed gene, the mutation of which causes Huntington's disease. The product of the gene plays an important role in many cell processes, such as intracellular trafficking, cell division, autophagy, and others. An antisense transcription has been found at the HTT 5'-region. The HTT-AS gene has been reported to affect HTT expression in a Dicer-dependent manner. In this study, we analyzed extensive data from RNA-seq experiments for antisense transcription at the HTT locus. Antisense transcripts corresponding to the HTT-AS gene were not found. However, we revealed a number of antisense transcripts in different parts of the locus that may take part in the regulation and functioning of the HTT gene. Keywords: antisense transcription, HTT-AS, HTTregulation, Huntington's disease

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  • Authors: Gerasymchuk, I. (Iurii); Popyk, P. (Pavlo); Gerasymchuk, N. (Nataliia); Shtuler, I. (Iryna); +1 Authors

    The object of research is the result of the introduction of resource saving in the agro-industrial complex (AIC), in particular in the first area – machine building for agriculture. One of the most problematic places is the systematic implementation of resource-saving in the agro-industrial complex. To overcome this problem, the authors propose a scheme for selecting a resource-saving project for the maintenance of the agro-industrial complex in order to assess the effectiveness of resource-saving technologies.The aim of the authors is analyze the effectiveness of implementing resource-saving measures in the complex of the first sphere of the agro-industrial complex. To detail the aim, a task was set to approbate a scheme for selecting a resource-saving project for the maintenance of the agro-industrial complex for analyzing resource efficiency in enterprises, and determining the effectiveness of resource-saving measures. As a result, the multi-criteria rationale for increasing the resource efficiency of agribusiness enterprises is assessed as such, which is adequate for assessing the efficiency of production and the level of resource saving.The technology of fuel-air mixture optimization, optimally depleted fuel-air mixture with an excess air factor a≥1.1–1.15 ensures the operation of the gasoline engine with the minimum content of harmful components in the exhaust gases. In particular, the NOx concentration is significantly lower than when the mixture is mixed with a stoichiometric mixture.The economic efficiency of the resource-saving technology of the sowing device with the reserve dosing device is calculated. The average annual increase in profit from the introduction of a modernized precision seeding machine for the main tilled crops (corn, sunflower, soybeans, beets) is 1216.45 c. u. on sowing one hectare. The total annual income for a seed drill for the year is 956 thousand c.u. On the example of sowing one of the crops, maize yields the greatest economic effect – 1600,000 in a year, the smallest – sunflower (266 thousand c. u.). At the same time, the best prototype shows itself when soybean was sown, reducing losses by 99 % in value terms.

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  • Authors: Z, N. (Nurlaila); Susilawaty, E. (Entit); Isabela, E. (Epy);

    PENGEMBANGAN PEMBUATAN TEKNESIUM-99m NITRIDOPENTANA-2,4-DION BIS(N-METILTIOSEMIKARBAZON) SEBAGAI SEDIAAN RADIOFARMASI. Pembuatan senyawa teknesium-99m nitrido pentana-2,4-dion bis(N-metiltiosemikarbazon) (99mTcNPETS) telah dilakukan menggunakan donor nitrogen natrium azida. Akan tetapi metode ini mempunyai beberapa keterbatasan untuk penggunaan dalam kedokteran nuklir, khususnya mengenal sterilitas dan apirogenitas dan radiofarmaka. Pada penelitian ini telah dikembangkan alternatif lain dalam pembuatan senyawa 99mTcPETS teras nitrido melalui reaksi substitusi antara senyawa 99mTc≡N perantara berupa senyawa 99mTcNCI2(PPh3)2 dengan ligan PETS. Kondisi pembentukan senyawa perantara 99mTcNCl2(PPh3)2 dengan efisiensi penandaan 90% dicapai pada pemakaian 0,976 mg S-metilditiokarbazat, 1,050 mg PPh3, 10 µL HCI 10M, dengan waktu inkubasi selama 15 hingga 30 menit pada temperatur 80 °C, serta pemakaian 1,026 mg PETS, pH 7 dengan waktu inkubasi selama 15 hingga 45 menit pada temperatur yang sama untuk reaksi substitusi membentuk 99mTcNPETS. Dengan efisiensi penandaan ≥ 90%. Efisiensi penandaan 99mTcNPETS diketahui dari kemurnian radiokimianya yang ditentukan secara kromatografi lapis tipis menaik menggunakan plat silika gel 60 dengan 2 macam pelarut, masing-masing pelarut campuran etanol-kloroform-toluen-amonium asetat 0,5M: pH 7 (6 : 3 : 3 : 1) dan pelarut campuran metanol-asetonitril-THF-amonium asetat 0,5M; pH 7 (3 : 3 : 2 : 2). Uji stabilitas senyawa 99mTcNPETS terhadap waktu penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa setelah disimpan selama 4 jam pada temperatur kamar, senyawa tersebut masih stabil dengan tingkat kemurnian ≥ 90 %

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  • Authors: Munir, M. (Muhammad);

    The objectives of this study were to develop Screencast-based learning media for the course of spreadsheets and to investigate its performance. This study utilised research and development approach that consists of: (1) Preparation that includes preparing the tools and materials (2) Recording that includes selecting an area of captures, recording mode screencast, and audio settings on the recording device, (3) Editing that includes adding drawing and callouts elements, editing the timeline, adding zooming effects, animation effects, and audio supports for the introduction, backsound, and narration, (4) Publishing that includes publishing the edited video into a single unit, converting the video format into mp4 with the format factory, (5) Finishing that includes making quizzes then merging the videos and quizzes into united media with the.exe extension. The performance of the media video has achieved the determined plan. When it is run, auto play menu appears to select the screencast.exe.

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  • Authors: Budianta, M. (Melani);
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  • Authors: makaminan, Afrilia;

    Penyakit kusta adalah penyakit kronik yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium leprae (M.leprae) yang pertama kali menyerang saraf tepi, selanjutnya dapat menyerang kulit, mukosa dan organ tubuh lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik lingkungan fisik rumah penderita kusta di wilayah Puskesmas Nuangan Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Populasi dan sampel yaitu 11 penderita kusta. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan observasional serta analisis data menggunakan analisis persentase. Hasil penelitian kondisi fisik rumah dilihat dari jenis rumah yakni non permanen 2 rumah (20%), semi permanen 6 rumah (60%), permanen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis atap seng 9 rumah (90%), atap rumbia 1 rumah (10%). Jenis dinding kayu 8 rumah (80%), dinding semen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis lantai kayu 5 rumah (50%), lantai semen 3 rumah (30%), lantai tanah 2 rumah (20%). Ventilasi ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 7 (70%), Ventilasi kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 6 (60%). Suhu ruang tamu tidak memenuhi syarat 9 (90%), Suhu kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 10 (100%). Kelembaban ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 8 (80%), Kelembaban kamar tidur memenuhi syarat 7 (70%). Kepadatan hunian tidak memenuhi syarat 6 rumah (60%). Hasil penelitian kondisi fisik rumah dilihat dari jenis rumah yakni non permanen 2 rumah (20%), semi permanen 6 rumah (60%), permanen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis atap seng 9 rumah (90%), atap rumbia 1 rumah (10%). Jenis dinding kayu 8 rumah (80%), dinding semen 2 rumah (20%). Jenis lantai kayu 5 rumah (50%), lantai semen 3 rumah (30%), lantai tanah 2 rumah (20%). Ventilasi ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 7 (70%), Ventilasi kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 6 (60%). Suhu ruang tamu tidak memenuhi syarat 9 (90%), Suhu kamar tidur tidak memenuhi syarat 10 (100%). Kelembaban ruang tamu memenuhi syarat 8 (80%), Kelembaban kamar tidur memenuhi syarat 7 (70%). Kepadatan hunian tidak memenuhi syarat 6 rumah (60%). Perlunya memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit kusta, sebagai usaha untuk menurunkan kejadian kusta di Wilayah Puskesmas Nuangan Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Perlunya memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit kusta, sebagai usaha untuk menurunkan kejadian kusta di Wilayah Puskesmas Nuangan Kecamatan Nuangan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Kata Kunci : karakteristik penderita kusta, lingkungan fisik rumah Kata Kunci : karakteristik penderita kusta, lingkungan fisik rumah

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  • Authors: Sahetapy, W. L. (Wilma);

    Masa pandemi Covid-19 menjadi masalah tersendiri bagi anak-anak yang menempuh pendidikan dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Adanya pembelajaran jarak jauh membuat anak-anak untuk lebih dekat dan banyak bersentuhan dengan teknologi digital. Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang menjadi salah satu alat pembelajaran mereka. Namun tanpa disadari, anak-anak dibawah umur tersebut terjebak dalam dunia maya yang mereka tidak tahu bahaya di dalamnya. Sebab tidak semua anak mempunyai pengetahuan yang benar mengenai dunia digital tersebut. Oleh karena itu bagi orang tua yang tidak memberikan pengawasan terhadap anak-anaknya rawan bermunculan permasalahan baru. Banyak anak-anak yang menghabiskan masa pembelajaran jarak jauh ini juga dengan hiburan menggunakan sosial media dan game online. Hal ini tanpa disadari oleh anak-anak data pribadi seperti alamat email, nama depan, nama belakang, hobi, foto, video tidak terlindungi. Perlindungan data pribadi perlu diperhatikan bagi anak khususnya di masa pandemi Covid-19.

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  • Authors: Ruswahyuningsi, M. C. (M); Afiatin, T. (Tina);

    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang resiliensi pada remaja Jawa dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya terkait dengan permasalahannya didalam keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe fenomenologi. Responden penelitian ini, adalah remaja Jawa berusia 16 tahun sampai 21 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kemampuan resiliensi pada remaja Jawa yang dipengaruhi resiliensi keluarga, teman sebaya, dan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa rila, narima, dan sabar, religiusitas dan lingkungan sosial. Remaja yang mengalami konflik dalam keluarga ternyata mampu keluar dari tekanan dan bangkit dari peristiwa-peristiwa buruk masa lalu. Sikap resiliensi mencakup kemampuan remaja menghindari stres yang menekan atau depresi yang dialaminya dan tetap produktif.

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  • Authors: Elisa Susanti; Ridho Harta; Ari Karyana; Mas Halimah;

    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain video pembelajaran dan menentukan unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam video pembelajaran pada pendidikan jarak jauh sehingga dapat efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Studi kasus dilakukan di Program Studi Administrasi Publik Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian evaluatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Melalui metode ini dilakukan penilaian sistematis terhadap kegiatan dan atau hasil dari suatu program perancangan video sebagai sarana untuk memberikan kontribusi untuk perbaikan perancangan video. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini adalah pengukuran input (berupa perancangan video), pengukuran output, dan pengukuran outcome (berupa pengukuran peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa). Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu pre test, post test, angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga desain video yang telah dirancang mampu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa. Agar dapat efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa, unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam video pembelajaran harus meliputi aspek konten, durasi video, bentuk media video, penggunaan warna, music dan ilustrasi, presenter, penggunaan bahasa, dan penugasan melalui video. This study aims to design educational videos and to determine the elements that exist in educational videos to be effective to improve students' understanding, especially for distance learning students. The case study was carried out in the study program of Public Administration of the Indonesia Open University. The research method is evaluation research with descriptive quantitative approach. Through this method, an assessment of the activities and/or outcomes of video design was conducted, as a means to provide feedback for some improvement in video design. The steps in this research were input measurement (video design), output measurement, and outcome measurement (measurement of improvement of student understanding). Data collection techniques included pre-test, posttest, questionnaire, interview, and observation. The results showed that the three designed videos are able to improve student understanding. In order to be effective in enhancing student understanding, video learning elements must include aspects of content, video duration, video media forms, color USAge, music and illustrations, presenters, language use, and video-based assignments.

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  • Authors: Shahid, I. (Ismail); Venturi, L. A. (Luis);

    This research attempts to assess the causes and damages of the 2010 flood that severely affected the Hameed Dheri and Faqeer Abad, District charssada Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province Pakistan and suggest recommendations for overcoming future events of this nature. Pakistan is famous for its summer floods, but the 2010 flood was considered the worst of the 21st century. It broke all previous records in terms of discharge, damage and amount of rain. Flood seriously affects the agriculture sector, and physical infrastructure in the area. Flood hazard hinders the socio-economic development of the study area. Data for this study were obtained from primary and secondary sources. A total of 180 questionnaires were answered by that flood victims. However, secondary data were obtained from the Pakistan Meteorological Department, the Flood Prediction and Warning Centre, the Federal Flood Commission, the Provincial Disaster Management Authority, the Surface Waters and the Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authority. The analysis reveals that heavy and prolonged rainfall was the main cause of the 2010 floods. In addition, the Rapid deforestation, stagnation of the river by the highway, blocking bridges by tree trunks and the subsequent collapse of temporary dams have all played their part in causing disastrous flooding in almost all rivers from KPK. This article consists of many sections. After a brief introduction of the study, section two gives a description of the study area, Section three states research methodology, Section four highlights causes of floods, Section five deals with impacts/damages of floods and section six evaluates flood hazard reduction measurements. Section seven gives findings of the study whereas section eight suggests recommendations for mitigation of flood disasters.

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