Running applications in the cloud has many benefits over using physical machines. Cloud computing automates resource allocation and thus enables serving varying loads efficiently. Microservice applications can harness this functionality particularly well, as they are comprised of small independent services that can be scaled independently. This elasticity sets requirements for the software, such as managing the services across multiple servers and handling their states. This thesis describes how a target system consisting of stateful containerised services can be distributed and automatically scaled across multiple servers. To achieve this, the system is redesigned to adhere to a microservice architecture. The redesigned system consists of stateless services that can be scaled horizontally with ease. The statelessness of the services is achieved by migrating from disk-based data storage to a streaming solution powered by Apache Kafka. For distributing the target system, this thesis studies the two most popular container orchestrators: Docker Swarm and Kubernetes. A performance comparison of the orchestrators is conducted based on existing research and the functionality of the tools is compared using available documentation. One of the key features studied is automatic scaling. While Kubernetes supports automatic scaling natively, Docker Swarm services can only be scaled manually. This thesis proposes two solutions for scaling services automatically in Docker Swarm. The solutions use existing third-party software and the application programming interface provided by Docker. The results of this thesis indicate that while Kubernetes offers a more complete set of features expected when running complex enterprise applications, its complexity causes both performance and management overhead compared to Docker Swarm. Docker Swarm, on the other hand, offers a great alternative where simplicity is prioritised over an extensive set of features. Furthermore, this thesis shows that the limited functionality of Docker Swarm can be extended to enable automatic scaling, although a sufficient solution for the target system of this thesis would require maintaining an additional component in-house. In the end, Kubernetes is chosen for orchestrating the target system, as it provides a more complete ready-made solution with built-in automatic scaling. Sovellusten ajaminen pilvessä tuottaa useita hyötyjä fyysisillä palvelimilla ajamiseen verrattuna. Pilvilaskenta automatisoi resurssien jakamisen ja täten mahdollistaa muuttuvan kuorman palvelemisen tehokkaasti. Mikropalvelupohjaiset sovellukset soveltuvat pilveen erityisen hyvin, sillä ne koostuvat pienistä itsenäisistä palveluista, joita voidaan skaalata yksitellen. Tämä elastisuudeksi kutsuttu ominaisuus edellyttää, että usealle palvelimelle hajautettuja palveluita ja niiden tiloja voidaan hallita. Tässä työssä kuvataan, kuinka tilallisista konteista koostuva kohdejärjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella, ja kuinka järjestelmän skaalaus voidaan automatisoida. Jotta tässä voidaan onnistua, järjestelmä suunnitellaan uudelleen noudattaen mikropalveluarkkitehtuuria. Uusi järjestelmä koostuu tilattomista palveluista, joiden horisontaalinen skaalaus on vaivatonta. Tilattomuus saadaan aikaan siirtymällä levypohjaisesta datan tallennuksesta tietovirtapohjaiseen ratkaisuun Apache Kafkan avulla. Työssä vertaillaan kahta suosituinta konttien orkestrointityökalua, Docker Swarmia ja Kubernetesta, joiden avulla järjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella. Työkalujen suorituskykyä vertaillaan olemassa olevan tutkimuksen pohjalta, ja ominaisuuksien vertailussa hyödynnetään työkalujen dokumentaatiota. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen. Kubernetes tarjoaa sisäänrakennetun ratkaisun automaattiseen skaalaukseen, mutta Docker Swarmissa palveluita voi skaalata vain manuaalisesti. Työssä esitellään kaksi vaihtoehtoista ratkaisua palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen Docker Swarmissa. Ratkaisuissa hyödynnetään olemassa olevia ohjelmia ja Dockerin ohjelmointirajapintaa. Työn tuloksena selviää, että Kubernetes tarjoaa kokonaisvaltaisemman valikoiman ominaisuuksia, joita etenkin vaativimmat yrityssovellukset tarvitsevat toimiakseen. Kuberneteksen monitahoinen rakenne vaikuttaa kuitenkin negatiivisesti sen suorituskykyyn ja tekee siitä Docker Swarmia vaikeamman hallita. Docker Swarm sen sijaan tarjoaa hyvän vaihtoehdon Kubernetekselle, kun yksinkertaisuus on laajoja ominaisuuksia tärkeämpää. Lisäksi työ osoittaa, että automaattinen skaalaus on mahdollista toteuttaa myös Docker Swarmissa. Kohdejärjestelmälle sopiva skaalausratkaisu vaatisi kuitenkin ylimääräisen komponentin kehittämisen ja ylläpidon. Kubernetes valikoituukin kohdejärjestelmän orkestrointityökaluksi, koska se tarjoaa valmiimman orkestrointiratkaisun ja sisäänrakennetun automaattisen skaalauksen.
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Tämä kandidaatintutkielma on kirjallisuuskatsaus sateenkaariperheiden vanhempien kokemuksista asioinnistaan sosiaalisissa instituutioissa. Sosiaalisia instituutioita edustavat tässä tutkielmassa terveydenhuollon palvelut, koulujärjestelmä ja adoptioneuvonta. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan vanhempien kokemuksia työntekijän toiminnasta kahdesta näkökulmasta. Ensimmäiseksi tarkastellaan vanhempien kokemuksia työntekijöiden sateenkaariperheisiin liittyvään tietopohjaan perustuvasta toiminnasta. Toiseksi tarkastellaan vanhempien kokemuksia työntekijöiden toiminnasta, joka perustuu sateenkaariperheisiin liittyviin näkemyksiin ja oletuksiin. Aihe on tärkeä ja ajankohtainen, sillä sateenkaariperheet ovat kasvava perhemuoto, mutta sosiaalityön koulutuksessa yhä melko näkymättömissä. Teoriaosuudessa määritellään sateenkaariperheen käsitettä ja tarkastellaan, millaisilla lakimuutoksilla Suomessa on edistetty sateenkaariperheiden asemaa. Lisäksi tarkastellaan aiempaa sateenkaariperheitä koskevaa tutkimusta ja heteronormatiivisuutta. Tutkimusaineistona on 10 kansainvälistä ja vertaisarvioitua tutkimusartikkelia. Aineisto on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin menetelmällä käyttäen teemoittelua. Tutkielman tulosten mukaan vanhempien kokemukset sosiaalisista instituutioista ovat moninaisia. Kokemukset ovat myönteisiä erityisesti silloin, kun työntekijöillä on sateenkaariperheisiin liittyvää tietoa. Tällöin vanhemmat kokevat tulleensa tuetuiksi. Kuitenkin myös kokemuksia työntekijöiden tietopohjan puutteellisuudesta ilmenee. Tulosten mukaan vanhemmat ovat olleet tyytyväisiä työntekijöiden toimintaan myös silloin, kun he ovat tulleet hyväksytyiksi ja kunnioitetuiksi omana itsenään. Osa vanhemmista on kohdannut työntekijöitä, jotka suhtautuvat heihin kielteisesti ja työskentelevät heteronormatiivisesti. Tutkielman tulokset osoittavat monien vanhempien olevan tyytyväisiä työntekijöiden toimintaan. Toisaalta haasteiden kohtaaminen osoittaa, etteivät sateenkaariperheet ole vielä saavuttaneet yhdenvertaista asemaa suhteessa muihin perheisiin. Kehitystä on kuitenkin tapahtunut, sillä esimerkiksi Suomessa sateenkaariperheiden asemaa ovat edistäneet lainsäädännölliset ja kulttuuriset muutokset. Lisää tutkimusta sateenkaariperheiden kokemuksista tarvitaan yhä etenkin sosiaalityön näkökulmasta. Sateenkaariperheiden kokemuksia tutkimalla ja työntekijöiden tietopohjaa vahvistamalla voidaan sosiaalisia instituutioita kehittää vastaamaan yhä paremmin monimuotoisten perheiden tarpeisiin
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This article explores what happens if we let an algorithm search for the Arctic online. Drawing on a large dataset of posts from food actors on Facebook, we look at how the term of ‘Arctic’ is used on Facebook. We firstly explain the digital methods deployed in our work. We then present its outcome, a clustered and networked visualization of the ‘Arctic’ gastronomy conversation across the world. Our analysis shows how the Arctic is unsurprisingly connoted with to ice, but also to freshness. In the discussion, we show how these findings might take us in two directions. The first interprets our findings - the reproduction of stereotypes of the Arctic as cold and icy - as digital Arcticism. The other points to how local interventions can work to (re)value food imagery and how digital platforms can help Arctic food entrepreneurs with tapping into a global market by drawing on the global imagery displayed in our analysis.
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handle: 10398/9737
This dissertation examines the psychological determinants for reduced clothing consumption, which is understood as one example of urgently needed behavioural change to mitigate climate change. It investigates how these determinants can be addressed with an intervention strategy to achieve a reduction in clothing items purchased by consumers. The overarching theoretical framework for this thesis is the comprehensive action determination model (CADM), and the dissertation comprises three articles, which successively contribute to the overall aim of identifying successful strategies for behavioural change. Paper I explores the normative part of the CADM in more depth and extends it with the role that identification with all humanity (IWAH) plays for the development of personal norms in a globalised consumption context. Paper II examines the applicability of the full CADM across different countries and reveals the relationship between the intention to reduce consumption and the actual number of items purchased. Paper III reports on an intervention strategy, which was developed based on the insight from Papers I and II and is aimed at encouraging reduced clothing consumption. The main findings of this thesis relate to insight about behavioural change and about intentions and personal norms, which in turn are hypothesised to influence behaviour. We find that it is possible to reduce the number of items purchased but that strategies aimed at increasing intention alone are not sufficient to induce such a behavioural change. In our study, goal setting, feedback, and commitment helped consumers reduce their clothing consumption. Moreover, personal norms were shown to be the strongest determinant for reduction intentions. Personal norms are strongly influenced by social norms (i.e. what relevant others are doing and expect one to do). They are related to problem awareness regarding environmental issues and the belief that one is able to alleviate these problems with one’s behaviour. In multiple ways, the thesis contributes to the existing literature and delivers valuable insight for practitioners. First, a theory-driven intervention is tested in practice to identify successful avenues for reducing the consumption of clothing. Second, behaviour is measured in addition to measuring the intention to reduce clothing consumption, elucidating the intention-behaviour relationship and underlining the importance of strategies that help consumers translate their intentions into actions. Third, the role that IWAH plays for personal norm formation is examined. The existing norm activation model (NAM) is extended, which improves the understanding of personal norms in a context characterised by spatial and temporal psychological distance. Finally, previous cross-cultural studies are advanced by applying measurement invariance tests, and previous behaviour measurements are improved through the collection of diary data.
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doi: 10.7939/r3-n7bz-dw61
1 original
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https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/18686/Sep08-1911.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
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handle: 10227/420911
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BackgroundIGF-1 plays a role in the growth of multiple tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. IGF-1 also serves as a growth factor for muscle. The impact of therapeutic targeting of IGF-1 on muscle mass is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated muscle mass at L3 in patients enrolled in a randomized phase II study of MK-0646 (M), a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF-1 protein, in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). Two different doses of M were tested, 5 and 10 mg/kg. We used the Slice-o-matic (ver 4.3) software to segregate CT images into muscle and fat components and measured muscle area (cm2) at baseline and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. Patients received either gemcitabine with erlotinib (G + E), G + E + M, or G + M. Differences between the groups were compared using t tests.ResultsFifty-three patients had both baseline and 2-month imaging available for analysis. Of these, 42 received M with their chemo, and 11 had G + E only. After 2 months of treatment, both groups demonstrated decrease in muscle mass. G + E patients lost 5.6 % of muscle mass; M patients lost 9.1 and 8.6 % after treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively (p = 0.53). Patients demonstrating a response lost less muscle (median 4.6 %) than those with stable disease (9.6 %) and progressive disease (8.9 %, p = 0.14). Muscle retention from baseline to 2-month imaging, defined as loss of <6 cm2 of muscle, correlated with better survival than those patients demonstrating a muscle loss (HR 0.51, p = 0.03).ConclusionsMPC patients can be expected to lose muscle mass even while having clinical benefit (PR or SD) from chemotherapy. Muscle loss correlated with a risk of study drop-out and death. There was a non-significant trend toward greater muscle mass loss in patients on anti-IGF-1R therapy. However, it is unclear if this loss translates into functional differences between patients.
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Running applications in the cloud has many benefits over using physical machines. Cloud computing automates resource allocation and thus enables serving varying loads efficiently. Microservice applications can harness this functionality particularly well, as they are comprised of small independent services that can be scaled independently. This elasticity sets requirements for the software, such as managing the services across multiple servers and handling their states. This thesis describes how a target system consisting of stateful containerised services can be distributed and automatically scaled across multiple servers. To achieve this, the system is redesigned to adhere to a microservice architecture. The redesigned system consists of stateless services that can be scaled horizontally with ease. The statelessness of the services is achieved by migrating from disk-based data storage to a streaming solution powered by Apache Kafka. For distributing the target system, this thesis studies the two most popular container orchestrators: Docker Swarm and Kubernetes. A performance comparison of the orchestrators is conducted based on existing research and the functionality of the tools is compared using available documentation. One of the key features studied is automatic scaling. While Kubernetes supports automatic scaling natively, Docker Swarm services can only be scaled manually. This thesis proposes two solutions for scaling services automatically in Docker Swarm. The solutions use existing third-party software and the application programming interface provided by Docker. The results of this thesis indicate that while Kubernetes offers a more complete set of features expected when running complex enterprise applications, its complexity causes both performance and management overhead compared to Docker Swarm. Docker Swarm, on the other hand, offers a great alternative where simplicity is prioritised over an extensive set of features. Furthermore, this thesis shows that the limited functionality of Docker Swarm can be extended to enable automatic scaling, although a sufficient solution for the target system of this thesis would require maintaining an additional component in-house. In the end, Kubernetes is chosen for orchestrating the target system, as it provides a more complete ready-made solution with built-in automatic scaling. Sovellusten ajaminen pilvessä tuottaa useita hyötyjä fyysisillä palvelimilla ajamiseen verrattuna. Pilvilaskenta automatisoi resurssien jakamisen ja täten mahdollistaa muuttuvan kuorman palvelemisen tehokkaasti. Mikropalvelupohjaiset sovellukset soveltuvat pilveen erityisen hyvin, sillä ne koostuvat pienistä itsenäisistä palveluista, joita voidaan skaalata yksitellen. Tämä elastisuudeksi kutsuttu ominaisuus edellyttää, että usealle palvelimelle hajautettuja palveluita ja niiden tiloja voidaan hallita. Tässä työssä kuvataan, kuinka tilallisista konteista koostuva kohdejärjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella, ja kuinka järjestelmän skaalaus voidaan automatisoida. Jotta tässä voidaan onnistua, järjestelmä suunnitellaan uudelleen noudattaen mikropalveluarkkitehtuuria. Uusi järjestelmä koostuu tilattomista palveluista, joiden horisontaalinen skaalaus on vaivatonta. Tilattomuus saadaan aikaan siirtymällä levypohjaisesta datan tallennuksesta tietovirtapohjaiseen ratkaisuun Apache Kafkan avulla. Työssä vertaillaan kahta suosituinta konttien orkestrointityökalua, Docker Swarmia ja Kubernetesta, joiden avulla järjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella. Työkalujen suorituskykyä vertaillaan olemassa olevan tutkimuksen pohjalta, ja ominaisuuksien vertailussa hyödynnetään työkalujen dokumentaatiota. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen. Kubernetes tarjoaa sisäänrakennetun ratkaisun automaattiseen skaalaukseen, mutta Docker Swarmissa palveluita voi skaalata vain manuaalisesti. Työssä esitellään kaksi vaihtoehtoista ratkaisua palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen Docker Swarmissa. Ratkaisuissa hyödynnetään olemassa olevia ohjelmia ja Dockerin ohjelmointirajapintaa. Työn tuloksena selviää, että Kubernetes tarjoaa kokonaisvaltaisemman valikoiman ominaisuuksia, joita etenkin vaativimmat yrityssovellukset tarvitsevat toimiakseen. Kuberneteksen monitahoinen rakenne vaikuttaa kuitenkin negatiivisesti sen suorituskykyyn ja tekee siitä Docker Swarmia vaikeamman hallita. Docker Swarm sen sijaan tarjoaa hyvän vaihtoehdon Kubernetekselle, kun yksinkertaisuus on laajoja ominaisuuksia tärkeämpää. Lisäksi työ osoittaa, että automaattinen skaalaus on mahdollista toteuttaa myös Docker Swarmissa. Kohdejärjestelmälle sopiva skaalausratkaisu vaatisi kuitenkin ylimääräisen komponentin kehittämisen ja ylläpidon. Kubernetes valikoituukin kohdejärjestelmän orkestrointityökaluksi, koska se tarjoaa valmiimman orkestrointiratkaisun ja sisäänrakennetun automaattisen skaalauksen.
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Tämä kandidaatintutkielma on kirjallisuuskatsaus sateenkaariperheiden vanhempien kokemuksista asioinnistaan sosiaalisissa instituutioissa. Sosiaalisia instituutioita edustavat tässä tutkielmassa terveydenhuollon palvelut, koulujärjestelmä ja adoptioneuvonta. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan vanhempien kokemuksia työntekijän toiminnasta kahdesta näkökulmasta. Ensimmäiseksi tarkastellaan vanhempien kokemuksia työntekijöiden sateenkaariperheisiin liittyvään tietopohjaan perustuvasta toiminnasta. Toiseksi tarkastellaan vanhempien kokemuksia työntekijöiden toiminnasta, joka perustuu sateenkaariperheisiin liittyviin näkemyksiin ja oletuksiin. Aihe on tärkeä ja ajankohtainen, sillä sateenkaariperheet ovat kasvava perhemuoto, mutta sosiaalityön koulutuksessa yhä melko näkymättömissä. Teoriaosuudessa määritellään sateenkaariperheen käsitettä ja tarkastellaan, millaisilla lakimuutoksilla Suomessa on edistetty sateenkaariperheiden asemaa. Lisäksi tarkastellaan aiempaa sateenkaariperheitä koskevaa tutkimusta ja heteronormatiivisuutta. Tutkimusaineistona on 10 kansainvälistä ja vertaisarvioitua tutkimusartikkelia. Aineisto on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin menetelmällä käyttäen teemoittelua. Tutkielman tulosten mukaan vanhempien kokemukset sosiaalisista instituutioista ovat moninaisia. Kokemukset ovat myönteisiä erityisesti silloin, kun työntekijöillä on sateenkaariperheisiin liittyvää tietoa. Tällöin vanhemmat kokevat tulleensa tuetuiksi. Kuitenkin myös kokemuksia työntekijöiden tietopohjan puutteellisuudesta ilmenee. Tulosten mukaan vanhemmat ovat olleet tyytyväisiä työntekijöiden toimintaan myös silloin, kun he ovat tulleet hyväksytyiksi ja kunnioitetuiksi omana itsenään. Osa vanhemmista on kohdannut työntekijöitä, jotka suhtautuvat heihin kielteisesti ja työskentelevät heteronormatiivisesti. Tutkielman tulokset osoittavat monien vanhempien olevan tyytyväisiä työntekijöiden toimintaan. Toisaalta haasteiden kohtaaminen osoittaa, etteivät sateenkaariperheet ole vielä saavuttaneet yhdenvertaista asemaa suhteessa muihin perheisiin. Kehitystä on kuitenkin tapahtunut, sillä esimerkiksi Suomessa sateenkaariperheiden asemaa ovat edistäneet lainsäädännölliset ja kulttuuriset muutokset. Lisää tutkimusta sateenkaariperheiden kokemuksista tarvitaan yhä etenkin sosiaalityön näkökulmasta. Sateenkaariperheiden kokemuksia tutkimalla ja työntekijöiden tietopohjaa vahvistamalla voidaan sosiaalisia instituutioita kehittää vastaamaan yhä paremmin monimuotoisten perheiden tarpeisiin
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This article explores what happens if we let an algorithm search for the Arctic online. Drawing on a large dataset of posts from food actors on Facebook, we look at how the term of ‘Arctic’ is used on Facebook. We firstly explain the digital methods deployed in our work. We then present its outcome, a clustered and networked visualization of the ‘Arctic’ gastronomy conversation across the world. Our analysis shows how the Arctic is unsurprisingly connoted with to ice, but also to freshness. In the discussion, we show how these findings might take us in two directions. The first interprets our findings - the reproduction of stereotypes of the Arctic as cold and icy - as digital Arcticism. The other points to how local interventions can work to (re)value food imagery and how digital platforms can help Arctic food entrepreneurs with tapping into a global market by drawing on the global imagery displayed in our analysis.
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handle: 10398/9737
This dissertation examines the psychological determinants for reduced clothing consumption, which is understood as one example of urgently needed behavioural change to mitigate climate change. It investigates how these determinants can be addressed with an intervention strategy to achieve a reduction in clothing items purchased by consumers. The overarching theoretical framework for this thesis is the comprehensive action determination model (CADM), and the dissertation comprises three articles, which successively contribute to the overall aim of identifying successful strategies for behavioural change. Paper I explores the normative part of the CADM in more depth and extends it with the role that identification with all humanity (IWAH) plays for the development of personal norms in a globalised consumption context. Paper II examines the applicability of the full CADM across different countries and reveals the relationship between the intention to reduce consumption and the actual number of items purchased. Paper III reports on an intervention strategy, which was developed based on the insight from Papers I and II and is aimed at encouraging reduced clothing consumption. The main findings of this thesis relate to insight about behavioural change and about intentions and personal norms, which in turn are hypothesised to influence behaviour. We find that it is possible to reduce the number of items purchased but that strategies aimed at increasing intention alone are not sufficient to induce such a behavioural change. In our study, goal setting, feedback, and commitment helped consumers reduce their clothing consumption. Moreover, personal norms were shown to be the strongest determinant for reduction intentions. Personal norms are strongly influenced by social norms (i.e. what relevant others are doing and expect one to do). They are related to problem awareness regarding environmental issues and the belief that one is able to alleviate these problems with one’s behaviour. In multiple ways, the thesis contributes to the existing literature and delivers valuable insight for practitioners. First, a theory-driven intervention is tested in practice to identify successful avenues for reducing the consumption of clothing. Second, behaviour is measured in addition to measuring the intention to reduce clothing consumption, elucidating the intention-behaviour relationship and underlining the importance of strategies that help consumers translate their intentions into actions. Third, the role that IWAH plays for personal norm formation is examined. The existing norm activation model (NAM) is extended, which improves the understanding of personal norms in a context characterised by spatial and temporal psychological distance. Finally, previous cross-cultural studies are advanced by applying measurement invariance tests, and previous behaviour measurements are improved through the collection of diary data.
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doi: 10.7939/r3-n7bz-dw61
1 original
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https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/18686/Sep08-1911.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
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handle: 10227/420911
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BackgroundIGF-1 plays a role in the growth of multiple tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. IGF-1 also serves as a growth factor for muscle. The impact of therapeutic targeting of IGF-1 on muscle mass is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated muscle mass at L3 in patients enrolled in a randomized phase II study of MK-0646 (M), a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF-1 protein, in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). Two different doses of M were tested, 5 and 10 mg/kg. We used the Slice-o-matic (ver 4.3) software to segregate CT images into muscle and fat components and measured muscle area (cm2) at baseline and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. Patients received either gemcitabine with erlotinib (G + E), G + E + M, or G + M. Differences between the groups were compared using t tests.ResultsFifty-three patients had both baseline and 2-month imaging available for analysis. Of these, 42 received M with their chemo, and 11 had G + E only. After 2 months of treatment, both groups demonstrated decrease in muscle mass. G + E patients lost 5.6 % of muscle mass; M patients lost 9.1 and 8.6 % after treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively (p = 0.53). Patients demonstrating a response lost less muscle (median 4.6 %) than those with stable disease (9.6 %) and progressive disease (8.9 %, p = 0.14). Muscle retention from baseline to 2-month imaging, defined as loss of <6 cm2 of muscle, correlated with better survival than those patients demonstrating a muscle loss (HR 0.51, p = 0.03).ConclusionsMPC patients can be expected to lose muscle mass even while having clinical benefit (PR or SD) from chemotherapy. Muscle loss correlated with a risk of study drop-out and death. There was a non-significant trend toward greater muscle mass loss in patients on anti-IGF-1R therapy. However, it is unclear if this loss translates into functional differences between patients.
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