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We conduct in-depth analysis of statistical flow properties from Global Circulation Model that reproduce Saturn's macroturbulence, namely large-scale zonal winds. We use a high performance Global Climate Models (GCMs), named DYNAMICO, to model the atmospheric circulation of gas giants with appropriate physical parametrizations for Saturn's atmosphere. The high-resolution model DYNAMICO solves for 3D primitive equations of motion. We ran a Saturn simulation covering 15 Saturn years using the Saturn DYNAMICO GCM. Wind fields are output every 20 Saturn days at 32 pressure levels onto 1/2° latitude-longitude grid maps. Details on this Saturn reference simulation are given in Spiga et al. (2020). In addition, to diagnose the relevant 3D dynamical mechanisms in Saturn's turbulent atmosphere, we run a set of four simulations using an idealized version of our Global Climate Model devoid of radiative transfer, with a well-defined Taylor-Green forcing and over several rotation rates (4, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 times Saturn's rotation rate). Here, we deliver a full data set, including velocity maps, at different pressure levels and time steps, from which it is possible to recompute the statistical analysis detailed in Cabanes et al. (2020). The delivered data set includes: Files of our (1) data collection and (2) numerical codes that lead to the statistical analysis: (1) Data collection: A PDF file named JUMP-zonal-jets-data-collection-Icarus.pdf that describes in depththe data set and the associated nomenclature. A netcdf file of velocity fields from our Saturn Reference Simulation (SRS) uvData-SRS-istep-312000-nstep-50-niz-12.nc StatisticalData.nc A netcdf file of velocity fields from idealized simulation at 4 times the Satrun's rotation rate, uvData-Omega-4-istep-21026.0-nstep-20-niz-8.nc A netcdf file of velocity fields from idealized simulation at 1 times the Satrun's rotation rate, uvData-Omega-1-istep-21026.0-nstep-20-niz-8.nc A netcdf file of velocity fields from idealized simulation at 0.5 times the Satrun's rotation rate, uvData-Omega-0.5-istep-20626.0-nstep-20-niz-8.nc A netcdf file of velocity fields from idealized simulation at 0.25 times the Satrun's rotation rate, uvData-Omega-0.25-istep-21026.0-nstep-20-niz-8.nc (2) Numerical codes: Codes for statistical analysis in spherical geometry are on Github. --> https://github.com/scabanes/POST Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge exceptional computing support from Grand Équipement National de Calcul Intensif (GENCI) and Centre Informatique National de l’Enseignement Supérieur (CINES). All the simulations presented in this paper were carried out on the Occigen cluster hosted at CINES. This work was granted access to the High-Performance Computing (HPC) resources of CINES under the allocations A001-0107548, A003-0107548, A004-0110391 made by GENCI. The authors acknowledge funding from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), project HEAT ANR-14-CE23-0010 and project EMERGIANT ANR-17-CE31-0007. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement N° 797012. Fruitful discussions with Sandrine Guerlet, Ehouarn Millour, Thomas Dubos, Frédéric Hourdin and Alexandre Boissinot from our team helped refine some discussions in the paper. {"references": ["Spiga, Aymeric, et al. \"Global climate modeling of Saturn's atmosphere. Part II: Multi-annual high-resolution dynamical simulations.\" Icarus 335 (2020): 113377.", "Cabanes, Simon et al. \"Global climate modeling of Saturn's atmosphere. Part III: Global statistical picture of zonostrophic turbulence in high-resolution 3D-turbulent simulations.\" arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.02473 (2020)."]}

This dataset is brake wear cycle that was used as a reference cycle in the EU co-funded project LOWBRASYS which aims at particle reduction from automotive brakes. One task within the LOWBRASYS project was to define a real-drive braking schedule. This cycle is a short version of an existing brake procedure (Los Angeles City Traffic (LACT)) that was generated from actual on-road driving data and addresses typical urban, extra-urban and highway drive conditions. It is noteworthy that another real-world cycle has been developed [Mathissen et al. 2018]. The main difference between the two newly developed cycles is that the present LOWBRASYS cycle is based on a limited dataset from a specific region, while the other cycle is based on the WLTP database, which covers much more use-case and driving conditions. The PMP IWG has decided to use the present cycle as a backup cycle for future brake wear emissions evaluation.

This dataset results from a coherent wavefront propagation of 5 keV photons through the SASE1 beamline and the SPB-SFX instrument at European XFEL. The simulation was performed with the software WPG. The dataset was rewritten from the original WPG output into a hdf5 format that complies with the openPMD metadata standard for particle and mesh data and the proposed domain extension of this standard for wavefront data. This dataset is part of the Deliverable D5.1 in Workpackage 5 (Virtual Neutron and X-ray Laboratory) of the Photon and Neutron Open Science Cloud (PaNOSC). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 823852.

Supporting data for work on thermodynamic equilibrium of sulfur vapours: raw files from density functional theory (DFT) calculations with FHI-aims; structure set from evolutionary search; summary of frequency data by sulfur allotrope and calculation method.

Global climate change governance has changed substantially in the last decade, with a shift in focus from negotiating globally agreed greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets to nationally determined contributions, as enshrined in the 2015 Paris Agreement. This paper analyses trends in adoption of national climate legislation and strategies, GHG targets, and renewable and energy efficiency targets in almost all UNFCCC Parties, focusing on the period from 2007 to 2017. The uniqueness and added value of this paper reside in its broad sweep of countries, the more than decade-long coverage and the use of objective metrics rather than normative judgements. Key results show that national climate legislation and strategies witnessed a strong increase in the first half of the assessed decade, likely due to the political lead up to the Copenhagen Climate Conference in 2009, but have somewhat stagnated in recent years, currently covering 70% of global GHG emissions (almost 50% of countries). In comparison, the coverage of GHG targets increased considerably in the run up to adoption of the Paris Agreement and 89% of global GHG emissions are currently covered by such targets. Renewable energy targets saw a steady spread, with 79% of the global GHG emissions covered in 2017 compared to 45% in 2007, with a steep increase in developing countries. Key policy insightsThe number of countries that have national legislation and strategies in place increased strongly up to 2012, but the increase has levelled off in recent years, now covering 70% of global emissions by 2017 (48% of countries and 76% of global population).Economy-wide GHG reduction targets witnessed a strong increase in the build up to 2015 and are adopted by countries covering 89% of global GHG emissions (76% not counting USA) and 90% of global population (86% not counting USA) in 2017.Renewable energy targets saw a steady increase throughout the last decade with coverage of countries in 2017 comparable to that of GHG targets.Key shifts in national measures coincide with landmark international events – an increase in legislation and strategy in the build-up to the Copenhagen Climate Conference and an increase in targets around the Paris Agreement – emphasizing the importance of the international process to maintaining national momentum. The number of countries that have national legislation and strategies in place increased strongly up to 2012, but the increase has levelled off in recent years, now covering 70% of global emissions by 2017 (48% of countries and 76% of global population). Economy-wide GHG reduction targets witnessed a strong increase in the build up to 2015 and are adopted by countries covering 89% of global GHG emissions (76% not counting USA) and 90% of global population (86% not counting USA) in 2017. Renewable energy targets saw a steady increase throughout the last decade with coverage of countries in 2017 comparable to that of GHG targets. Key shifts in national measures coincide with landmark international events – an increase in legislation and strategy in the build-up to the Copenhagen Climate Conference and an increase in targets around the Paris Agreement – emphasizing the importance of the international process to maintaining national momentum.

In 2014, European F-gas directive plans the prohibition of fluorinated working fluids with GWP of 2500 or more from 2020. Consequently, new working fluids have to be considered in the future such as HydroFluoroOlefin, carbon dioxide or mixture of HFO with hydro-fluoro-carbon or CO2. The knowledge of the thermo-physical properties of working fluid is essential for the evaluation of performance of heat pumps, ORC and refrigeration. Herein, several “French” laboratories proposed to investigate the thermo-physical properties of the R744 + R1234yf binary system. In 2014, Juntarachat et al. measured and correlated vapour liquid equilibria including mixture critical point. New experimental determinations for density and viscosity using vibrating densitometer and capillary viscometer are presented. Also, enthalpies of mixing are determined using BT-215 Calvet calorimeters. In addition, molecular simulation based on empirical force have been realized. Several thermodynamic and transport properties have been obtained using Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations. The PPR78 cubic equation of state and a multipolar version of SAFT-Mie are used to predict the new experimental data for thermodynamic properties. The model developed is used as an input to simulate the performance of new heat pump system. An experimental heat pump is used to evaluate the achievable energy efficiency with this mixture in real machines with one test molar composition of 5% R1234yf). The optimal pressure and COP will be compared to those obtained with pure CO2 in similar operating conditions.

During the refurbishment of a supermarket in northern Italy, the HFC refrigeration plant has been replaced by a new CO2 transcritical system. A deep synergy has been favoured with the HVAC system, by allowing mutual heat exchanges at various temperature levels. Simulations have been performed at the design stage, with a TRNSYS based tool and in-house types for the refrigerating unit and the display cabinets. The plant was fully instrumented, and the availability of measured data on the new system allowed assessing its actual performance and validating the model. It was then possible to investigate the effectiveness of the heat recovery solutions applied, and to optimize their control rules.

As a consequence of the coming into force of the EU F-Gas Regulation 517/2014, enormous technological developments have been experienced on the part of transcritical R744 supermarket refrigeration systems. These have led to the wide acceptance of multi-ejector based technologies as the most promising hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-free solutions for commercial refrigeration sector. Approximately 50 stores have been equipped with a multi-ejector block. Furthermore, such an expedient is expected to offer significant electricity savings in other energy-demanding applications (e.g. hotels, gyms) as well, even in warm climates. This work summarizes the evolution of R744 multi-ejector enhanced parallel compression system architectures for supermarket applications. Additionally, their technological aspects as well as the potential energy benefits along with some relevant field/experimental measurements are also presented. Furthermore, the experience gained in the use of the multi-ejector concept in transcritical R744 heat pump technologies is summed up. At last, the persistent challenges needing to be faced are revealed.

Carbon dioxide is an eco-friendly refrigerant which is non-flammable and non-toxic. Due to its low critical temperature, transcritical operations in CO2 refrigeration systems can commonly take place. In these conditions, favourable thermo-physical properties of R744 allow heat recovery at high temperature in the high pressure heat exchanger (gas cooler) to cover domestic hot water (DHW) and heating needs. The investigated solution is a R744 booster refrigeration system operating in mild climates, which provides the selected supermarket with DHW and heating, besides satisfying the cooling load required by display cabinets and cold rooms. To meet the full heating load of the building in any operating conditions, an additional air-cooled evaporator can be used as a supplemental heat source, driving to an increment in the total energy consumption. This paper investigates a suitable control strategy for the chosen system in order to minimize the consumption and, contemporary, supply both the cooling and heating loads.

The share of the energy consumption of supermarkets in the total national consumption cannot be neglected, since it reaches up to 5%. In addition, the electricity used for the refrigeration, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is the highest share of the total energy demand of the supermarket. Therefore, any enhancement of the performance of these systems will have an environmental and cost impact both on the supermarket sector and on the country itself. R744 appears as the preferred solution for centralized commercial refrigeration systems, however, it is crucial to improve their efficiency to eliminate previous geographical limits of applying these refrigerant and to make these units competitive in warmer climates. Therefore, it would wise to implement components such as ejectors and a parallel compression suction group in the R744 refrigeration units, and to meet and integrate all the different demands of a supermarket; refrigeration, HVAC and domestic hot water (DHW), with a single unit. This new concept of integrated R744 ejector supported parallel compression racks needs to be further studied, since it involves many control and optimisation issues never approached before, such as the floating pressure of the receiver, the air conditioning (AC) ejectors with pressure lift control, the use of compressors with pivoting suction group connections, etc. This study is part of the SuperSmart-Rack project, funded by the Norwegian Research Council and industrial partners. In this paper the optimization of operation conditions is approached with steady state simulations using a numerical model based on boundary conditions of the experimental facility available in the laboratory of NTNU/SINTEF in Trondheim.