• Research dataclose
• 6. Clean water close

Eutrophication, global warming, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are the three most prevalent pressures impacting the biosphere. Despite their individual effects are well-known, it remains untested how oligotrophication (i.e. nutrients reduction) can alter the planktonic community responses to warming and elevated CO2 levels. Here, we performed an indoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the warming × CO2 interaction under a nutrient reduction scenario (40%) mediated by an in-lake management strategy (i.e. addition of a commercial solid-phase phosphorus sorbent -Phoslock®) on a natural freshwater plankton community. Biomass production increased under warming × CO2 relative to present-day conditions; however, a Phoslock®-mediated oligotrophication reduced such values by 30–70%. Conversely, the warming × CO2 × oligotrophication interaction stimulated the photosynthesis by 20% compared to ambient nutrient conditions, and matched with higher resource use efficiency (RUE) and nutrient demand. Surprisingly, at a group level, we found that the multi-stressors scenario increased the photosynthesis in eukaryotes by 25%, but greatly impaired in cyanobacteria (ca. −25%). This higher cyanobacterial sensitivity was coupled with a reduced light harvesting efficiency and compensation point. Since Phoslock®-induced oligotrophication unmasked a strong negative warming × CO2 effect on cyanobacteria, it becomes crucial to understand how the interplay between climate change and nutrient abatement actions may alter the, ecosystems functioning. With an integrative understanding of these processes, policy makers will design more appropriate management strategies to improve the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems without compromising their ecological attributes and functioning.

Humidity is a determining factor for the bacterial contamination. In a food production plant, the surfaces in contact with food should be cleaned and dried as much as possible after use. To achieve this objective, the understanding of water evaporation from a solid surface is, thus, necessary. The water evaporation rate depends on the room conditions; temperature, velocity, humidity. Experiments were performed in a wind tunnel in which ambient condition were controlled. Water droplets were deposited on a stainless steel plate; wet surface and water weight were measured at different times. The influences of the percentage of wet surface and the ambient conditions (humidity, temperature and air velocity) on the evaporation rate were studied. It was observed that the air velocity and temperature difference between the air and the plate are the main influencing parameters.

Inside a food production plant, bacteria can grow particularly in zones of high humidity leading to deterioration of food quality and safety. Cleaning and disinfection are currently practiced to reduce this hazard. However it is not always efficient; stagnant water is susceptible to be a source of microbial growth. To prevent this problem, drying must be performed but water may still not entirely evaporate at some locations. In order to optimize the drying process, a simplified heat and mass transfer model was developed in this study. Validation was performed by comparing the predicted water weight evolutions with the ones measured in a food processing plant. It was found that by reducing the air inlet relative humidity from 85% to 50%, the time needed to evaporate 90% of the initial water weight could be reduced by a factor of about 1.5. This shows the interest to dry the inlet air.

To reduce the proliferation of bacteria inside a food plant, cleaning and disinfection are performed every day. These operations are followed by drying which has to be as quick as possible. This study shows the influence of a dehumidifier on the water mass evolutions on the surfaces such as floor, wall and equipment during the drying of a food plant. The temperature, relative humidity and water mass evolution during drying period were monitored in a food plant running under two conditions: with and without dehumidifier. The results comparison shows that drying rate is about 1.5 times higher with dehumidifier.

The data were collected from experimental freshwater fishpond systems (extensive, semi-intensive and semi-intensive coupled with lagoon). The dataset presented is composed of: - Individual Fish parameters (live weight, length at fork) at stocking and harvest for the three species reared: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and tench (Tinca tinca). - Physical indicators of the water quality in pond, monthly measured :temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation and water transparency - Physical indicators of the water quality in pond, measured every 5 minutes on 24h in September 2014: temperature, pH, oxydo-reduction potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation. - Concentration in pond water of chemical compounds , monthly sampled :total nitrogen (TN), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate and total phosphorus(TP) - Concentration in pond water of chemical compounds, sampled 5 minutes on 24h in September 2014: TN, ammonium, nitrate, orthophosphate, TP - Concentration of chlorophyll in pond water monthly sampled: chlorophyll-a from March to June and total chlorophyll, blue chlorophyll, green chlorophyll and brown chlorophyll from July to November. - Concentration in TN and TP in the sediment of each pond at fish stocking and harvest.

Long-term time series of coliform bacteria concentration (fecal coliform or Escherichia coli) in shellfish in four submarine areas (North Sea/Channel, Britany, Atlantic, Mediterranean).

BRC4Env, the network of Biological Resource Centres for the Environment, aims at storing and providing environmental resources (biological material and associated data), in a secure way and an optimal traceability. BRC4Env supports both fundamental and applied research based on agro-environmental bioresources. These biological and/or genomic resources are sampled from soils, sediments, waters, agricultural ecosystems, and preserved in organized collections. They include microorganisms, as well as animal and plant resources, whose management or spreading do not directly depend from human intervention. BRC4Env provides these resources available for researchers from academia, but also industry and forces of civil society. BRC4Env is one of the pillars of the French national infrastructure "Agricultural Resources for Research" (AgroBRC-RARe).

Submarine channels convey turbidity currents, the primary means for distributing sand and coarser sediments to the deep ocean. In some cases, submarine channels have been shown to braid, similarly to rivers. Yet the strength of the analogy between the subaerial and submarine braided channels is incompletely understood. This data set includes topography, image, and flow model data for six experiments with subaqueous density currents and two experiments with subaerial rivers. The experiments were conducted to quantify (1) submarine channel kinematics, and (2) the responses of channel and bar geometry to subaerial versus submarine basin conditions, inlet conditions, and the ratio of flow-to-sediment discharge (Qw/Qs).The data set accompanies a 2018 publication in the journal Sedimentology. This data set includes topography and image data for laboratory experiments involving turbidity currents and rivers, conducted at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, in 2015-2017.

In this study, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) is applied in order to detect change-points in the time series of surface water quality variables. The application of change-point analysis allowed detecting change-points in both the mean and the variance in series under study. Time variations in environmental data are complex and they can hinder the identification of the so-called change-points when traditional models are applied to this type of problems. The data seasonality structure is incorporated through a linear modeling approach. The assumptions of normality and uncorrelation are not present in some time series, and so, a simulation study is carried out in order to evaluate the methodology's performance when applied to non-normal data and/or with time correlation.

Fungi: DNA was extracted using the modified Power Soil protocol (Harkes et al., ), with 0.25 g soil per sample and Lysing matrix E beads tubes (MP Biomedicals). Fungal DNA was amplified using primers ITS4ngs and ITS3mix1‐5 (Tedersoo et al., , ) and purified using AMPure magnetic beads (Beckman Coulter). Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were performed with 12.5‐μL Hotstart ready mix (Fisher scientific) and approximately 50 ng of DNA per reaction. Dual tags were added to samples (Illumina dual indexing kits v1‐3) using seven cycles of PCR. PCR products were further purified using magnetic beads. The DNA was quantified using a Qubit fluorometer and equimolar pooled into libraries of 285 and 250 samples each. Mock community samples with eight fungal strains were sequenced along with the experimental samples. Sequencing was performed using Illumina MiSeq pair‐end 2x300bp. Here we give the OTU table and taxa files as well as report all OTUs unique to one site. Soil Chemistry: Chemical soil properties were determined by AgroCares BV (Wageningen, the Netherlands). Soils for chemical analysis were dried at 50°C using fruit dryers, crushed and sieved (2 mm sieve). One part of the soil sample was homogenized and pulverized (<0.2 mm) using a planetary micro mill with 10 clean metal balls for 3 min with speed 500 rpm. This sample was used to measure the total C and N by heating it to 900°C in the presence of O2, forming CO2 and N2, which were quantitatively measured with a thermal conductivity detector. Peak areas are correlated with validated calibration curves, to obtain element weight for C and N, which is recalculated to percentage by considering the sample mass. Total organic carbon (TOC) was measured using the Elementar Rapid CS cube (Elementar Analysensysteme, Germany) after removal and quantification of the total inorganic carbon (TIC) fraction as carbonates through acid (1 M HCl) treatment. Samples for soil texture were weighed and treated with 30% H2O2 for the removal of organic material, treated with dithionite solution (40 g/L Na2S2O4 in 0.3 M NaOAc, pH 3.8) for the removal of iron oxide, and treated with 1 M HCl for the removal of carbonates. After this sample treatment, the samples were measured with the Mastersizer 3,000 (Malvern Panalytical B.V., Almelo, the Netherlands) to determine the particle size distribution using laser diffraction. Soil pH (KCl) was determined using a pH electrode. The procedure for the extraction of soils using Mehlich‐3 solution as extractant was validated and executed according to Wolf and Beegle (), with one exception, the shaking time was increased from 5 to 10 min. The measurement of samples for the determination of bulk multi‐element concentrations in dry soil samples (RT: Real Totals) was carried out using the PANalytical Epsilon 3 ED‐XRF (Malvern Panalytical B.V., Almelo, the Netherlands). The procedure is in accordance with ISO18227:2014 and validated. The samples were prepared as pellets with a soil to wax ratio of 9:1. Lastly, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, B+, Cu2+, Mo2+, Ni2+ and Zn2++) and anions (S2−, P3−) in soils were determined after extraction with hexamminecobalt trichloride solution. The procedure was validated and is in accordance with ISO 23470:2007. Cropping practices have a great potential to improve soil quality through changes in soil biota. Yet the effects of these soil improving cropping systems on soil fungal communities are not well known. Here, we analysed soil fungal communities using standardized measurements in 12 long‐term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments across Europe. We were interested in whether the same practices (i.e. tillage, fertilization, organic amendments and cover crops) applied across different sites have predictable and repeatable effects on soil fungal communities and guilds. The fungal communities were very variable across sites located in different soil types and climatic regions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were the fungal guild with most unique species in individual sites while plant pathogenic fungi were most shared between the sites. The fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently in different sites and only fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi while the response to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site, soil and crop species specific. We further show that the crop yield is negatively affected by cropping practices aimed at improving soil health. Yet, we show that these practices have the potential to change the fungal communities and that change in plant pathogenic fungi and in AMF is linked to the yield. We further link the soil fungal community and guilds to soil abiotic characteristics and reveal that especially Mn, K, Mg and pH affect the composition of fungi across sites. In summary, we show that fungal communities vary considerably between sites and that there are no clear directional responses in fungi or fungal guilds across sites to soil improving cropping systems but that the responses vary based on soil abiotic conditions, crop type, and climatic conditions. Details on experiments related to the data is provided in supplementary materials of the related article