doi: 10.1002/mrm.25247
pmid: 24753032
PurposeTo develop and evaluate a local frequency shift (LFS) mapping method specifically designed for multi‐echo acquisitions and multi‐channel receive coils.MethodsThe proposed method uses the pixel‐by‐pixel inter‐echo variance (IEV) as a weighting factor during channel‐combination. Five healthy volunteers were scanned at 7 T. The IEV‐weighted method was quantitatively compared to established (adaptive and Hermitian product) channel‐combination methods with respect to IEV of LFS over the entire brain.ResultsIn all experiments, the IEV‐weighted method generated LFS maps free of artifacts caused by unwrapping errors. Based on measurements of the inter‐echo frequency variance throughout the whole brain, the IEV‐weighted method produced the lowest variation and the best contrast at the edge of the brain.ConclusionThe primary finding of the present study is that accurate LFS maps are achievable if the data from each channel is processed independently prior to combination followed by a weighted combination using IEV as the weighting term. The software is freely available to the scientific community. Magn Reson Med 73:1654–1661, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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citations | 7 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
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pmid: 21943039
In this issue of Respirology, Montella and colleagues ask this question: How does high‐field chest MRI compare with CT of children with non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease? In an important extension of the first description of this study where they compared MRI and CT with pulmonary function measurements, the authors evaluated how widely‐used chest CT and almost never‐utilized lung MRI compare for diagnostic imaging of chronic lung disease. Here they show that high‐field (3Tesla as compared with the 1.5Tesla clinical standard) thoracic MRI has high reliability and good‐to‐excellent agreement with CT, definitively answering the important question at hand; their results support more widespread and routine use of MRI in longitudinal monitoring of chronic lung disease, especially in children as well as further optimization and improvement of lung MRI methods. Importantly, non‐CF lung disease accounts for the majority of paediatric pulmonary abnormalities and the increasing prevalence and economic burden related to chronic respiratory disease should motivate the research and development of novel MRI methods for serial and longitudinal imaging.
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citations | 62 | |
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Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has emerged as a new treatment option for patients with oligometastatic disease. SABR delivers precise, high-dose, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and achieves excellent rates of local control for primary tumors or metastases. A recent randomized phase II trial evaluated SABR in a group of patients with a small burden of oligometastatic disease (mostly with 1-3 metastatic lesions), and found that SABR was associated with benefits in progression-free survival and overall survival. The goal of this phase III trial is to assess the impact of SABR in patients with 4-10 metastatic cancer lesions.One hundred and fifty-nine patients will be randomized in a 1:2 ratio between the control arm (consisting of standard of care palliative-intent treatments), and the SABR arm (consisting of standard of care treatment + SABR to all sites of known disease). Randomization will be stratified by two factors: histology (Group 1: prostate, breast, or renal; Group 2: all others), and type of pre-specified systemic therapy (Group 1: immunotherapy/targeted; Group 2: cytotoxic; Group 3: observation). SABR is to be completed within 2 weeks, allowing for rapid initiation of systemic therapy. Recommended SABR doses are 20 Gy in 1 fraction, 30 Gy in 3 fractions, or 35 Gy in 5 fractions, chosen to minimize risks of toxicity. The primary endpoint is overall survival, and secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, time to development of new metastatic lesions, quality of life, and toxicity. Translational endpoints include assessment of circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, and tumor tissue as prognostic and predictive markers, including assessment of immunological predictors of response and long-term survival.This study will provide an assessment of the impact of SABR on clinical outcomes and quality of life, to determine if long-term survival can be achieved for selected patients with 4-10 oligometastatic lesions.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03721341 . Date of registration: October 26, 2018.
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citations | 203 | |
popularity | Top 0.1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 0.1% |
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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the signal in parietal regions that were selectively activated during delayed pointing to flashed visual targets and determined whether this signal was dependent on the fixation position of the eyes. Delayed pointing activated a bilateral parietal area in the intraparietal sulcus (rIPS), rostral/anterior to areas activated by saccades. During right-hand pointing to centrally located targets, the left rIPS region showed a significant increase in activation when the eye position was rightward compared with leftward. As expected, activation in motor cortex showed no modulation when only eye position changed. During pointing to retinotopically identical targets, the left rIPS region again showed a significant increased signal when the eye position was rightward compared with leftward. Conversely, when pointing with the left arm, the right rIPS showed an increase in signal when eye position was leftward compared with rightward. The results suggest that the human parietal hand/arm movement region (rIPS), like monkey parietal areas (Andersen et al., 1985), exhibits an eye position modulation of its activity; modulation that may be used to transform the coordinates of the retinotopically coded target position into a motor error command appropriate for the wrist.
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citations | 126 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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pmid: 30571418
Background and Purpose— Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are safer, at least equally efficacious, and cost-effective compared to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) but they remain underused, particularly in demented patients. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of DOACs compared with warfarin in patients with AF and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods— We constructed a microsimulation model to estimate the lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost-effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy (adjusted-dose warfarin and various DOACs) in 70-year-old patients with AF and AD from a US societal perspective. We stratified patient cohorts based on stage of AD and care setting. Model parameters were estimated from secondary sources. Health benefits were measured in the number of acute health events, life-years, and QALYs gained. We classified alternatives as cost-effective using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY gained. Results— For patients with AF and AD, compared with warfarin, DOACs increase costs but also increase QALYs by reducing the risk of stroke. For mild-AD patients living in the community, edoxaban increased lifetime costs by $6603 and increased QALYs by 0.076 compared to warfarin, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $86 882/QALY gained. Even though DOACs increased QALYs compared with warfarin for all patient groups (ranging from 0.019 to 0.085 additional QALYs), no DOAC treatment alternative had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio <$150 000/QALY gained for patients with moderate to severe AD. For patients living in a long-term care facility with mild AD, the DOAC with the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (rivaroxaban) costs $150 169 per QALY gained; for patients with more severe AD, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were higher. Conclusions— For patients with AF and mild AD living in the community, edoxaban is cost-effective compared with warfarin. Even though patients with moderate and severe AD living in the community and patients with any stage of AD living in a long-term care setting may obtain positive clinical benefits from anticoagulation treatment, DOACs are not cost-effective compared with warfarin for these populations. Compared to aspirin, no oral anticoagulation (warfarin or any DOAC) is cost effective in patients with AF and AD.
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citations | 7 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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The left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is important in visual word recognition. Studies have shown that the left vOT is generally observed to be involved in spoken language processing in skilled readers, suggesting automatic access to corresponding orthographic information. However, little is known about where and how the left vOT is involved in the spoken language processing of young children with emerging reading ability. In order to answer this question, we examined the relation of reading ability in 5-6-year-old kindergarteners to the activation of vOT during an auditory phonological awareness task. Two experimental conditions: onset word pairs that shared the first phoneme and rhyme word pairs that shared the final biphone/triphone, were compared to allow a measurement of vOT's activation to small (i.e., onsets) and large grain sizes (i.e., rhymes). We found that higher reading ability was associated with better accuracy of the onset, but not the rhyme, condition. In addition, higher reading ability was only associated with greater sensitivity in the posterior left vOT for the contrast of the onset versus rhyme condition. These results suggest that acquisition of reading results in greater specialization of the posterior vOT to smaller rather than larger grain sizes in young children.
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citations | 24 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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AbstractModels of large-scale brain networks that are informed by the underlying anatomical connectivity contribute to our understanding of the mapping between the structure of the brain and its dynamical function. Connectome-based modelling is a promising approach to a more comprehensive understanding of brain function across spatial and temporal scales, but it must be constrained by multi-scale empirical data from animal models. Here we describe the construction of a macaque connectome for whole-cortex simulations in TheVirtualBrain, an open-source simulation platform. We take advantage of available axonal tract-tracing datasets and enhance the existing connectome data using diffusion-based tractography in macaques. We illustrate the utility of the connectome as an extension of TheVirtualBrain by simulating resting-state BOLD-fMRI data and fitting it to empirical resting-state data.
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citations | 52 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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Activation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) activates signaling cascades, resulting in calcium release from intracellular stores, ERK1/2 activation, and long term changes in synaptic activity that are implicated in learning, memory, and neurodegenerative diseases. As such, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying Group I mGluR signaling is important for understanding physiological responses initiated by the activation of these receptors. In the current study, we identify the multifunctional scaffolding protein spinophilin as a novel Group I mGluR-interacting protein. We demonstrate that spinophilin interacts with the C-terminal tail and second intracellular loop of Group I mGluRs. Furthermore, we show that interaction of spinophilin with Group I mGluRs attenuates receptor endocytosis and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, an effect that is dependent upon the interaction of spinophilin with the C-terminal PDZ binding motif encoded by Group I mGluRs. Spinophilin knock-out results in enhanced mGluR5 endocytosis as well as increased ERK1/2, AKT, and Ca(2+) signaling in primary cortical neurons. In addition, the loss of spinophilin expression results in impaired mGluR5-stimulated LTD. Our results indicate that spinophilin plays an important role in regulating the activity of Group I mGluRs as well as their influence on synaptic activity.
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citations | 21 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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Children of mothers with a history of depression are at significantly higher risk for developing depression themselves. Although numerous mechanisms explaining this relationship have been proposed (Goodman & Gotlib, 1999), relatively little is known about the neural substrates of never-depressed children’s depression risk. Of the few studies that have used neuroimaging techniques to characterize risk-based differences in children’s neural structure, function, and functional connectivity, most have used samples that include participants with a personal history of depression or older samples (i.e., past the typical age of onset for depressive disorders). These approaches limit what can be determined regarding whether findings are true markers of risk (and potential etiological mechanisms) or better reflect resilience to depression or brain-based sequelae of depression. There is a clear need to better characterize children’s neuroimaging-based markers of depression risk by focusing on samples with clear statistical risk (i.e., a maternal history of depression or early emerging depression symptoms) prior to their own onset of disorder. This dissertation addresses this gap in the literature by characterizing the association between a sample (Ns = 80-85) of never-depressed children’s risk for depression and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of children’s brain structure (Study 1), functional response to maternal feedback (Study 2), and resting-state functional connectivity (Study 3). Main findings included never-depressed children’s self-reported depression symptoms being negatively associated with grey matter volume in regions relevant to reward processing (i.e., orbitofrontal cortex; Study 1), functional activity in salience processing regions (i.e., anterior insula) and reward processing (i.e., putamen) during critical maternal feedback (Study 2), and resting-state functional connectivity within the Central Executive Network and Salience Network (Study 3). I also demonstrated that children with high maternal risk for depression (i.e., a maternal history of depression) had significantly increased resting-state functional connectivity within the default mode network. Results indicate that brain-based associates of depression risk (i.e., maternal history of depression and children’s depression symptoms) pre-exist the development of depression, potentially contributing to the etiology of depression. Future directions for the emerging field of neuroimaging children’s risk for depression are discussed.
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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pmid: 32380862
Objective: To meta-analyze and systematically review the effectiveness of aquatic therapy in improving mobility, balance, and functional independence after stroke. Data Sources: Articles published in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus up to 20 August 2019. Study Selection: Studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) English, (2) adult stroke population, (3) randomized or non-randomized prospectively controlled trial (RCT or PCT, respectively) study design, (4) the experimental group received >1 session of aquatic therapy, and (5) included a clinical outcome measure of mobility, balance, or functional independence. Data Extraction: Participant characteristics, treatment protocols, between-group outcomes, point measures, and measures of variability were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool, and pooled mean differences (MD) ± standard error and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), gait speed, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Data Synthesis: Nineteen studies (17 RCTs and 2 PCTs) with a mean sample size of 36 participants and mean PEDro score of 5.6 (range 4–8) were included. Aquatic therapy demonstrated statistically significant improvements over land therapy on FRT (MD = 3.511 ± 1.597; 95% CI: 0.381–6.642; P = 0.028), TUG (MD = 2.229 ± 0.513; 95% CI: 1.224–3.234; P < 0.001), gait speed (MD = 0.049 ± 0.023; 95% CI: 0.005–0.094; P = 0.030), and BBS (MD = 2.252 ± 0.552; 95% CI: 1.171–3.334; P < 0.001). Conclusions: While the effect of aquatic therapy on mobility and balance is statistically significant compared to land-based therapy, the clinical significance is less clear, highly variable, and outcome measure dependent.
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citations | 23 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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doi: 10.1002/mrm.25247
pmid: 24753032
PurposeTo develop and evaluate a local frequency shift (LFS) mapping method specifically designed for multi‐echo acquisitions and multi‐channel receive coils.MethodsThe proposed method uses the pixel‐by‐pixel inter‐echo variance (IEV) as a weighting factor during channel‐combination. Five healthy volunteers were scanned at 7 T. The IEV‐weighted method was quantitatively compared to established (adaptive and Hermitian product) channel‐combination methods with respect to IEV of LFS over the entire brain.ResultsIn all experiments, the IEV‐weighted method generated LFS maps free of artifacts caused by unwrapping errors. Based on measurements of the inter‐echo frequency variance throughout the whole brain, the IEV‐weighted method produced the lowest variation and the best contrast at the edge of the brain.ConclusionThe primary finding of the present study is that accurate LFS maps are achievable if the data from each channel is processed independently prior to combination followed by a weighted combination using IEV as the weighting term. The software is freely available to the scientific community. Magn Reson Med 73:1654–1661, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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citations | 7 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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pmid: 21943039
In this issue of Respirology, Montella and colleagues ask this question: How does high‐field chest MRI compare with CT of children with non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease? In an important extension of the first description of this study where they compared MRI and CT with pulmonary function measurements, the authors evaluated how widely‐used chest CT and almost never‐utilized lung MRI compare for diagnostic imaging of chronic lung disease. Here they show that high‐field (3Tesla as compared with the 1.5Tesla clinical standard) thoracic MRI has high reliability and good‐to‐excellent agreement with CT, definitively answering the important question at hand; their results support more widespread and routine use of MRI in longitudinal monitoring of chronic lung disease, especially in children as well as further optimization and improvement of lung MRI methods. Importantly, non‐CF lung disease accounts for the majority of paediatric pulmonary abnormalities and the increasing prevalence and economic burden related to chronic respiratory disease should motivate the research and development of novel MRI methods for serial and longitudinal imaging.