With rapid global urbanization, the importance of understanding relationships between the changing urban environment and human health and wellbeing is being increasingly recognized. However, the science underlying the complexity of linkages is poorly developed. In this ...

In animal cells, small RNA molecules, called piRNAs, defend the genome against selfish DNA elements such as transposons. In this issue, Klattenhoff et al. (2009) report that an HP1 family protein, Rhino, is required for piRNA generation and transposon silencing in Droso...

Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) significantly improves outcomes compared with angio-guided PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, there is a theoretical concern that patients with reduced left ven...

Abstract Phosphate-activated mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS2) is suggested to be linked with elevated glutamine metabolism. It plays an important role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate. The present study was to investigate the potent effect of GLS2 ...

Abstract Let L be a finite subset of Euclidean d -dimensional space R d and let S be a lattice in R d such that { l − l ′ :  l ,  l ′∈ L }∩ S ={0}. A classification of all Lebesgue measurable subsets Ω of R d for which the functions e λ ( x )=exp( i 2 πλx ), x ∈ Ω , λ ∈...

Abstract Electrode microstructure and processing can strongly influence lithium-ion battery performance such as capacity retention, power, and rate. Battery electrodes are multi-phase composite structures wherein conductive diluents and binder bond active material to a ...

AbstractTo describe the macroscopic behavior of many ion channels, at a minimum a four-state kinetic scheme is needed to provide for three processes: a delay in activation development, the activation process, and inactivation. I present here an analytical solution for a...

AbstractThe wide distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a global threat to human health. Indonesia has had the largest number of human infections and fatalities caused by these viruses. To understand the enzootic conditions of the viruses in I...

Abstract It is becoming clear that "apoptotic" caspases can effect cellular processes other than cell death. A recent paper in Cell points to a novel role of the Drosophila caspase inhibitor DIAP1 as a determinant of cell migration.

Voltage-dependent ion channels open and conduct ions in response to changes in cell-membrane voltage. The voltage sensitivity of these channels arises from the motion of charged arginine residues located on the S4 helices of the channel's voltage sensors. In KvAP, a pro...