• Part of book or chapter of book close
• US close
• IL close
• HAL AMU close
• Hyper Article en Ligne close

International audience; This chapter introduces several state of the art techniques that could help to make deep underwater archaeological photogrammetric surveys easier, faster, more accurate, and to provide more visually appealing representations in 2D and 3D for both experts and public. We detail how the 3D captured data is analysed and then represented using ontologies, and how this facilitates interdisciplinary interpretation and cooperation. Towards more automation, we present a new method that adopts a deep learning approach for the detection and the recognition of objects of interest, amphorae for example. In order to provide more readable, direct and clearer illustrations, we describe several techniques that generate different styles of sketches out of orthophotos developed using neural networks. In the same direction, we present the Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) technique, which converts a 3D model into a more readable 2D representation that is more useful to communicate and simplifies the identification of objects of interest. Regarding public dissemination, we demonstrate how recent advances in virtual reality to provide an accurate, high resolution, amusing and appropriate visualization tool that offers the public the possibility to ‘visit’ an unreachable archaeological site. Finally, we conclude by introducing the plenoptic approach, a new promising technology that can change the future of the photogrammetry by making it easier and less time consuming and that allows a user to create a 3D model using only one camera shot. Here, we introduce the concepts, the developing process, and some results, which we obtained with underwater imaging.

Genome-wide screens are a powerful technique to dissect the complex network of genes regulating diverse cellular phenotypes. The recent adaptation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome engineering has revolutionized functional genomic screening. Here, we present protocols used to introduce Cas9 into human lymphoma cell lines, produce high-titer lentivirus of a genome-wide sgRNA library, transduce and culture cells during the screen, isolate genomic DNA, and prepare a custom library for next-generation sequencing. These protocols were tailored for loss-of-function CRISPR screens in human lymphoma cell lines but are highly amenable for other experimental purposes.

International audience; This article aims at conceptually marking out the different cognitive processes involved in the experience of mobile art devices, and at understanding to what extent the involvement of these cognitive processes is different from their involvement in other forms of art.

Ce debut du 21e siecle est marque par l'explosion des reseaux sociaux mais egalement par une nouvelle approche plus informelle, massive et ouverte de l'apprentissage. La dimension sociale (Springer, 2009), que l'on peut deduire de la prise en compte de l'action sociale (CECR, 2001), doit etre interpretee dans toute sa dimension a la fois physique et virtuelle. L'acteur social est aujourd'hui connecte, confronte a des « textes » qui ne relevent plus uniquement du mode ecrit et de la litteratie classique, ni meme de la plurilitteratie. La question de l'integration linguistique des migrants doit ainsi prendre en compte la nouvelle donne numerique. Or, la didactique des langues vise avant tout la maitrise de la litteratie ecrite, malgre l'affirmation de l'importance de la communication orale et l'accent mis sur l'education plurilingue comme finalite. Il en va de meme pour les echelles de performances du CECR ainsi que pour les certifications en langues, et en particulier pour les certifications du public migrant tres marquees par l'alphabetisation (Huver et Springer, 2011). Les nouvelles vagues de migration, auxquelles nous assistons, montrent l'importance croissante de l'e-migration et des reseaux sociaux qui accompagnent les migrants dans leur fuite de la guerre et de la barbarie. Diminescu (2005) decrit les reseaux mis en place par les migrants connectes ; Bashi (2007), de son cote, montre que l'integration sociale (la survie sociale) depend de la qualite des liens (survival of the knitted) qu'ils entretiennent avec leurs communautes. La theorie des reseaux de liens (Granovetter, 1973) exprime cette nouvelle realite. La competence plurilingue ne peut donc plus suffire. Elle est portee et renforcee par de nouvelles competences qui relevent de la translitteratie (digital literacy) et de la multimodalite. De nouvelles recherches (Kress, 2009) montrent que le monde numerique actuel n'est plus fonde sur le mode ecrit. La toile propose en effet des « textes » multimodaux qui relevent plus d'une semiotique sociale (Halliday, 1978) que d'une linguistique structurale et textuelle ou d'une sociolinguistique. Des lors, il semble indispensable de faire evoluer le cadrage theorique qui sous-tend la didactique des langues, le CECR ainsi que les certifications pour les migrants adultes. Nous appuierons cette problematique sur une analyse de discours de forums de migrants (Facebook) ainsi que sur les resultats d'une enquete aupres d'associations de migrants a Marseille. La Recommandation 2034 (2014) alinea 7.2. suggere de « proposer des options autres que les tests de langue/d'integration pour promouvoir et mesurer l'integration et ameliorer les perspectives d'integration des migrants et des candidats a l'immigration ». Il nous semble que ces options devraient prendre en compte les nouvelles competences numeriques pour accompagner une societe de la connaissance reellement inclusive (Strategie de Lisbonne, 2000, et Europe 2020).

International audience

in press; not available

International audience; DDE Transposons have been recruited at least four times as site-specific recombination activating gene allowing programmed DNA elimination in eukaryotes. The described cases are RAG in jawed vertebrates, Kat 1 and Alpha 3 in the Kluyveromyces lactis yeast and Piggymac/TPB1 TPB2 and TPB6 in ciliates. The domesticated RAG is the most known case. It constitutes the enzymatic core of the Jawed vertebrates V(D)J recombination machinery. It directs random assembly and joining of gene segments during the development of B and T cells helping in the generation of the enormous gene diversity encoding antibodies or T cell receptors. It was shown in the case of RAG that the shift from DDE transposon to site-specific recombination activating gene is an evolutionary phenomenon that did not require dramatic changes. This explains why the co-option of DDE transposon as site-specific recombination activating gene can occur in a convergent manner. As numerous genes coding for DDE transposases are widespread through numerous members of the life tree, it is expected that several of them might correspond to domesticated transposons involved in programmed DNA elimination and maybe in the generation of receptor diversity. The domestication of DDE transposon could have been and still be of an extreme importance for organisms' evolution.

International audience; We compare different models to simulate two-dimensional vortex wakes behind oscillating plates. In particular, we compare solutions using a vortex sheet model and the simpler Brown-Michael model to solutions of the full Navier-Stokes equations obtained using a penalization method. The goal is to determine whether simpler models can be used to obtain good approximations to the form of the wake and the induced forces on the body.

In English and other languages, the distribution of nuclear pitch accents within a sentence usually reflects how the meaningful parts of the sentence relate to the context. Generally speaking, the nuclear pitch accent can only occur felicitously on focused parts of the sentence, corresponding to information that is not contextually retrievable or given. In most contemporary theories, focus is formally represented by an abstract syntactic feature ‘F’. Those parts of the sentence that are given tend to resist F-marking and thus nuclear accentuation. In short, there is a more or less tight coupling between (i) the contextual information status of parts of the sentence; (ii) the focus structure of the sentence (represented by the distribution of syntactic F-marking); and (iii) the actual accent placement in the phonological form.