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The current industrial revolution is said to be driven by the digitization that exploits connected information across all aspects of manufacturing. Standards have been recognized as an important enabler. Ontology-based information standard may provide benefits not offered by current information standards. Although there have been ontologies developed in the industrial manufacturing domain, they have been fragmented and inconsistent, and little has received a standard status. With successes in developing coherent ontologies in the biological, biomedical, and financial domains, an effort called Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) has been formed to pursue the same goal for the industrial manufacturing domain. However, developing a coherent ontology covering the entire industrial manufacturing domain has been known to be a mountainous challenge because of the multidisciplinary nature of manufacturing. To manage the scope and expectations, the IOF community kicked-off its effort with a proof-of-concept (POC) project. This paper describes the developments within the project. It also provides a brief update on the IOF organizational set up.

Nowadays exploiting the full potential of the humongous amount of data that manufactures can produce with their production means is a real challenge. Moreover, increasing production capabilities without large investments is a recurring objective for them. To reach this objective, many different strategies are in development i.e. zero-defect manufacturing, predictive maintenance and scheduling algorithms which deal with high uncertainty. In the end, they will all be implemented in industry. Their joined implementation in the industry is however missing a coherent framework that would allow to merge those different solutions. This paper proposes an approach that combines those three deeply interconnected technologies to bring a clean solution that significantly improves production capacity. This paper present the approach giving an idea of the possibilities and opportunities of the presented solution.

The European MAPA (Multilingual Anonymisation for Public Administrations) project aims at developing an open-source solution for automatic de-identification of medical and legal documents. We introduce here the context, partners and aims of the project, and report on preliminary results. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per 30 autors/es: Lucie Gianola, Ēriks Ajausks, Victoria Arranz, Chomicha Bendahman, Laurent Bié, Claudia Borg, Aleix Cerdà, Khalid Choukri, Montse Cuadros, Ona De Gibert, Hans Degroote, Elena Edelman, Thierry Etchegoyhen, Ángela Franco Torres, Mercedes García Hernandez, Aitor García Pablos, Albert Gatt, Cyril Grouin, Manuel Herranz, Alejandro Adolfo Kohan, Thomas Lavergne, Maite Melero, Patrick Paroubek, Mickaël Rigault, Mike Rosner, Roberts Rozis, Lonneke Van Der Plas, Rinalds Vīksna, Pierre Zweigenbaum"

International audience; Polymicrogyria (PMG) is one of the most common malformations of cortical development (MCDs), with epilepsy affecting most patients. PMG-related drug-resistant epilepsy patients can be considered for surgery in well-selected cases. In this context, a comprehensive presurgical evaluation, often including stereo electroencephalography, is warranted to accurately delineate the epileptogenic zone. The heterogeneity of intrinsic epileptogenicity in the PMG, together with the additional or predominant involvement of remote cortical areas, calls for a different strategy in PMG compared with other MCDs, one that is not predominantly MRI- but rather SEEG-oriented. Favourable results in terms of seizure freedom and antiepileptic drug cessation are feasible in a large proportion of patients with unilateral PMG. PMG extent should not exclude the possibility of epilepsy surgery. On the other hand, patients with hemispheric PMG can be excellent hemispherotomy candidates, particularly in the presence of contralateral hemiparesis. Recent findings support early consideration of surgery in PMG-related drug-resistant epilepsy.

International audience

Part 5: MAKE Explainable AI; International audience; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) lack an explanation capability in the form of propositional rules. In this work we define a simple CNN architecture having a unique convolutional layer, then a Max-Pool layer followed by a full connected layer. Rule extraction is performed after the Max-Pool layer with the use of the Discretized Interpretable Multi Layer Perceptron (DIMLP). The antecedents of the extracted rules represent responses of convolutional filters, which are difficult to understand. However, we show in a sentiment analysis problem that from these “meaningless” values it is possible to obtain rules that represent relevant words in the antecedents. The experiments illustrate several examples of rules that represent n-grams.

International audience; During the nineteenth century, free trade and financial integration contributed to what is often referred to as the first globalization wave (1820-1914) (Flandreau, 2013; Flandreau & Zumer, 2004; Mauro et al., 2006). As creditors began to expand the reach of their operations by investing in the bonds of foreign nations, sometime from overseas, lending became more perilous. For instance, British investors often knew little about the Latin American countries whose bonds they were purchasing.¹ Nineteenth-century cross-border lending exemplifies the problem of information asymmetries familiar to economists (Stiglitz, 2000). In this case, uncertainties were compounded by the fact that lenders in the sovereign sector could not mitigate default risk by collateralizing their loans: as a rule, ownership of public assets cannot be transferred to foreigners. To reduce the anxiety of long-distance investing, investors began to seek information pertaining to the trust and credit profile of foreign borrowers. Since investors did not always possess sufficient organizational capabilities and resources to examine the facts, risk analysis was delegated to intermediaries, in particular merchant banks. As informational third parties, merchant banks performed the important function of certifying the credit of debtors, thus providing a practicable solution to the problem of uncertainty in sovereign lending (Flandreau & Flores, 2009). Such banks owned a 'brand' that could grant borrowing states market access on more favourable terms. Gradually, the notion of creditworthiness became cardinal in international lending and borrowing. Technologies of risk assessment played a cardinal role in the building of nineteenth-century debt markets (Carruthers, 2013). The tools of risk analysis which have become so ubiquitous recently can be traced back to the nineteenth ¹ The controversy about Poyais provides a good testimony of how difficult it was for creditors to invest abroad without reliable information to rely on. Poyais, as it turned out, was a fictitious country (Clavel, 2020).

1. Le recrutement des apprenti-e-s du point de vue des formateurs et formatrices en entreprise En Suisse, la formation professionnelle initiale duale, qui alterne formation en école (un à deux jours) et en entreprise (trois à quatre jours), est la voie la plus fréquentée par les jeunes sortant de l’école obligatoire (SEFRI, 2019). Le recrutement, très peu régulé par l’Etat (Imdorf, 2018), comme en France, il est largement laissé à la charge des entreprises formatrices. Les logiques de recrut...

This chapter addresses a central theoretical and epistemological problem in urban and tourism studies: the complexity of the urban dimensions of tourism. We identify three epistemological obstacles when studying “urban tourism”. First, “urban tourism” as element of sole cities is not the only issue of the relationship between the urban and the touristic, yet other kinds of urban places have been neglected. Second, tourism as genuinely urban phenomenon produces not only urban places, but also urban cultures and is one of the elements of the urbanisation of the seaside, mountains, deserts. This nexus has consistently been overlooked because of the concentration on cities. Third, many processes of urbanisation are tourism-related, be it historically as formation of seaside resorts or nowadays in the touristification of inner cities.