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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Yinan Zhou; Pierre Kaser;

    Presentation Dernier rejeton d'une longue lignee d'homme de lettres, le jeune Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597-1681) connut l'opulence d'un riche lettre oisif, s'adonnant tout a loisir a sa passion pour la litterature et a son gout tres marque pour le theâtre avant de tout perdre au moment de la chute des Ming 明 (1644). Reste fidele a la defunte dynastie, il brava les interdits en en redigeant l'histoire. Depouille et traque, il eprouva la misere et la clandestinite, ce qui explique que la plupart de ses e...

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    Impressions d’Extrême-Orient
    Article . 2017
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
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    Article . 2017
    Data sources: HAL AMU
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    Olivier Robin;

    Resume Les algies de l’appareil manducateur, affectant les muscles masticateurs et l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM), sont frequentes et representent la deuxieme cause de douleur orofaciale apres les douleurs buccodentaires. Compte tenu de la complexite de l’innervation trigeminale, a l’origine de nombreuses douleurs referees, ces algies posent parfois un probleme de diagnostic differentiel, surtout lorsqu’elles sont localisees dans la region auriculaire ou pre-auriculaire. De meme, le diagnostic differentiel entre les douleurs d’origine musculaire et d’origine articulaire n’est pas toujours evident en raison, notamment, de certains signes cliniques communs comme la limitation de l’ouverture buccale et les douleurs provoquees a la mastication. Cet article se propose de decrire les caracteristiques des principaux symptomes douloureux de l’appareil manducateur representes par les myalgies (aigues ou chroniques) et les arthralgies (ATM) qui se manifestent principalement dans quatre situations cliniques : capsulite, retrodiscite, luxation discale irreductible aigue et crise d’arthrite. L’interrogatoire du patient, qui permettra de preciser la symptomatologie, et l’examen clinique sont determinants pour le diagnostic. Le recours a l’imagerie (IRM, scanner de l’ATM) est peu frequent et reserve a des situations particulieres, ne permettant pas d’etablir un diagnostic fiable.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Douleurs Évaluation ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Williams-Wanquet, Eileen;

    Communication à la Journée de recherche du CRLHOI "Texte et politique" en avril 2013 à l'Université de La Réunion; National audience; Indigo (1993) de Marina Warner, qui reprend, à la fois, l'Histoire coloniale anglaise et La Tempête de Shakespeare, illustre bien une des tendances de la littérature britannique des années 1980 et 1990, qui commente le monde à travers la révision de l'idéologie transmise par des « hypotextes » précis. Cet article vise à montrer la manière dont, pour reprendre les termes de Jacques Rancière, « la littérature fait de la politique en tant que littérature ». Ce que Rancière nomme le caractère propre-impropre de la littérature est ce qui lui permet d'avoir une portée politique, en « reconfigurant la carte du sensible ». J'utiliserai les trois temps décrits par Rancière pour éclairer la démarche de Warner : la « police », ou l'ordre établi, dans lequel Warner ancre son histoire de manière réaliste ; « la poli-tique », ou la remise en cause de cet ordre, par l'utilisation de procédés tels que l'ironie, l'inversion de point de vue, ou l'hypertextualité ; « le politique », ou l'appel éthique à un nouvel ordre utopique, par le recours à l'intertextualité, au réalisme magique ou à la symbolique. La réécriture de l'idéologie transmise par l'hypotexte équivaut à une révision de l'hypotexte diffus de la Modernité.

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    Mohamad Jaafar Ali; Hassine Moungla; Mohamed Younis; Ahmed Mehaoua;

    The overlap of transmission ranges among multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is referred to as coexistence. The interference is most likely to affect the communication links and degrade the performance when sensors of different WBANs simultaneously transmit using the same channel. In this paper, we propose a distributed approach that adapts to the size of the network, i.e., the number of coexisting WBANs, and to the density of sensors forming each individual WBAN in order to minimize the impact of co-channel interference through dynamic channel hopping based on Latin rectangles. Furthermore, the proposed approach opts to reduce the overhead resulting from channel hopping, and lowers the transmission delay, and saves the power resource at both sensor- and WBAN-levels. Specifically, we propose two schemes for channel allocation and medium access scheduling to diminish the probability of inter-WBAN interference. The first scheme, namely, Distributed Interference Avoidance using Latin rectangles (DAIL), assigns channel and time-slot combination that reduces the probability of medium access collision. DAIL suits crowded areas, e.g., high density of coexisting WBANs, and involves overhead due to frequent channel hopping at the WBAN coordinator and sensors. The second scheme, namely, CHIM, takes advantage of the relatively lower density of collocated WBANs to save power by hopping among channels only when interference is detected at the level of the individual nodes. We present an analytical model that derives the collision probability and network throughput. The performance of DAIL and CHIM is further validated through simulations. Comment: 2017 Ad Hoc Networks - ELSEVIER

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    Ad Hoc Networks
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    Sébastien Roman;

    Dans Parcours de la reconnaissance, Paul Ricoeur accorde une attention particulière à la théorie sociale honnethienne, d'une part parce qu'elle porte sur le thème majeur des luttes pour la reconnaissance, d'autre part parce qu'elle propose une conception néo-hégélienne de la justice sociale convaincante. Toutefois, tout en adhérant au projet honnethien, Ricoeur instaure un lien dialectique entre la justice et l'amour pour corriger un défaut consubstantiel à l'Anerkennung. Seule la référence à l'agapè permettrait de sortir du caractère interminable de la lutte, en montrant que les hommes sont capables de reconnaissance mutuelle par des pratiques sociales de don/contre-don. Ricoeur présente l'agapè comme un simple complément du projet honnethien. Le présent article revient sur cette affirmation, et montre, au contraire, que le recours à l'agapè modifie les luttes pour la reconnaissance, et n'aide pas à penser une justice sociale capable de témoigner des expériences de l'injustice, et de les combattre. Mots-clés: Paul Ricoeur, Axel Honneth, luttes pour la reconnaissance, agapè, justice sociale. In The Course of Recognition, Paul Ricoeur pays special attention to Honneth’s social theory, on the one hand,because it is devoted to the important issue of the struggles for recognition and, on the other hand, becauseAxel Honneth proposes a convincing neo-Hegelian conception of social justice. However, while adhering toHonneth’s project, Ricoeur establishes a dialectical relationship between love and justice, in order to correctan inherent defect of Anerkennung. The reference to agápē would provide the only way out of the endlessstruggle, by demonstrating that human beings are capable of mutual recognition through the social practiceof gift/counter-gift. Ricoeur presents agápē as a simple add-on to the Honnethian project. The present paperreturns to this assertion, and demonstrates that, on the contrary, the use of agápē alters the struggles forrecognition, and does not help us to arrive at a conception of social justice, which is capable of revealingexperiences of injustice and combatting them.

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    Other literature type . 2015
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    Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies
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    Article . 2015
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    Rouxel, Mélanie; Mestre Artigues, Pedro-Felipe; Deliere, Laurent; Richart-Cervera, Sylvie; +1 Authors

    National audience

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    Fontaine-Benaoum, Élodie;

    L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, à partir d’une approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), l’influence de la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants en situation de handicap, sur la qualité de vie de leur famille, et sur les représentations des professionnels.Pour cela, notre échantillon se compose de 48 enfants en situation de handicap (23 filles et 25 garçons), âgés de 11 mois à 4.7 ans et accueillis en structure collective de la petite enfance, de 56 parents (47 mères et 9 pères) et de 79 professionnels. Le développement socio-affectif des enfants a été appréhendé à l’aide d’une observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) et d’un entretien semi-directif (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Les parents ont renseignés deux questionnaires relatifs à leur qualité de vie familiale : le Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) et le Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). Ils ont également répondu à un entretien semi-directif, l'Entretien « R » (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) permettant d’investiguer les représentations que les parents ont de leur enfant. Les professionnels ont été interrogés, d’une part à partir d’un questionnaire visant à identifier les valeurs éducatives qu’ils privilégient (CaMIE ; Ramstein, Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) et d’autre part, à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de saisir leurs représentations du handicap et de leur rôle. Enfin, les relations parents-professionnels ont été analysées à travers le Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) et l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance permet aux enfants en situation de handicap de maintenir et/ou d’accroître leurs compétences socio-adaptatives. Par ailleurs, plus les enfants mobilisent d’habiletés adaptatives et communicatives, moins les parents rapportent d’impacts négatifs du handicap sur leur vie de famille. Ils manifestent alors davantage de satisfaction dans leur rôle de parents et de bien-être émotionnel. En outre, plus l’enfant rencontre de difficultés au plan socio-affectif, plus les parents expriment d’affects négatifs quand ils pensent à leur enfant ou sont avec lui. Aussi, plus les parents sont satisfaits de leur qualité de vie familiale, plus, d’une part, les descriptions de l’enfant se centrent sur ses compétences et plus, d’autre part, les émotions que les parents déclarent ressentir sont positives. Enfin, les professionnels définissent majoritairement le handicap dans sa dimension médicale mais ne perçoivent pas de différence dans l’exercice de leur rôle que l’enfant soit en situation de handicap ou non. The aim of this research is to study, with an ecological system theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the influence of the attendance of day care on socio-emotional development of children with disabilities, on family quality of life, and the representations of professionals.With this mind, our sample consists of 48 children with disabilities (23 girls and 25 boys) aged from 11 months to 4.7 years in day care, 56 parents (47 mothers and fathers 9) and 79 professionals. The socio-emotional development of children has been apprehended using an observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) and a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Parents have filled two questionnaires on their family quality of life: the Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) and the Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). They also answered a semi-structured interview, the interview "R" (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) to investigate the representations that parents have of their child. The professionals were interviewed, firstly from a questionnaire to identify their preferred educational values (CaMIE; Ramstein Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) and secondly, to using a semi-structured interview to capture their representations of disability and their role. Finally, parent-professional relationships were analyzed through the Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) and l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).The main results show that the attendance of day care allows children with disabilities to maintain and/or increase their social adaptive skills. In addition, more children mobilize adaptive and communicative skills, parents report less negative impact of disability on family life. They then show more satisfaction in their parenting and emotional well-being. In addition, most children encounter difficulties in socio-emotional, most parents express negative affect when they think of their child or are with them. Also, most parents are satisfied with their quality of family life, plus the one hand, the child's descriptions are focused on their skills and on the other hand, the emotions that parents say they feel are positive. Finally, professionals mainly define disability in its medical dimension but receive no difference in the performance of their role as the child is living with disabilities or not.

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    Other literature type . 2016
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    Ayachi, Safia;

    La douleur est un problème de santé publique majeur qui réduit la qualité de vie des patients et engendre un coût élevé pour la société. Malgré les efforts fournis pour développer de nouveaux analgésiques, les opiacés restent le moyen le plus efficace pour réduire la douleur moyenne à intense. Cependant, leur utilisation prolongée est responsable du développement d’une tolérance à leurs effets analgésiques et d’une hypersensibilité à la douleur (hyperalgésie). Il a été proposé que ces phénomènes pourraient résulter de l'activation d’un système anti-opioïde tel que celui des récepteurs RF-amide, mais leurs mécanismes d’action sont encore mal compris. L'objectif de ce projet a ainsi été d'étudier l'implication des récepteurs RF-amide NPFFR1, NPFFR2 et GPR103a dans le développement de l'hyperalgésie induite par les opiacés. Allant du niveau cellulaire, en s’intéressant à l’expression des ARNm, à la modulation de l’activité neuronale induite par le 26RFa, jusqu’à un niveau plus intégré via une approche in vivo et l’étude des seuils nociceptifs et de la douleur chez la souris ; ce travail a permis d’avoir une vision globale des effets du système RF-amide et principalement de GPR103a. En abordant la question des effets secondaires associés aux traitements chroniques opiacés, ce projet pourrait conduire à l'élaboration de stratégies de traitement de la douleur prometteuses. Pain is a major health problem that reduces quality of life and imparts high social and economic costs. Despite efforts to develop new analgesics, opiates remain the most effective way to reduce severe pain. However, their prolonged use is associated with the development of analgesic tolerance and hypersensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia). It has been proposed that these phenomena would result from the activation of anti-opioid system like RF-amide receptors system, but their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. The objective of this project was to study the involvement of NPFFR1, NPFFR2 and GPR103a receptors in the development of opioidinduced hyperalgesia. This work gave an overall view of the effects of the RF-amide system and mainly of GPR103a, ranging from the cellular level, to the expression of mRNAs, to the modulation of the 26RFa-induced neuronal activity, up to an integrated level via an in vivo approach and the study of nociceptive thresholds and pain in mice. By addressing the issue of side effects associated with opioid chronic treatments, this project may lead to the development of promising strategies for pain treatment.

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    Other literature type . 2017
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    Laure Bereni; Dorothée Prud’Homme;

    En s’appuyant sur une série de 68 entretiens avec des « responsables diversité » de grandes entreprises françaises, cet article explore les conditions de possibilité et les formes de la mobilisation de postures critiques ou « orientées vers les valeurs » par des cadres de grandes entreprises, dans leur travail. Ces cadres envisagent-ils/elles cette fonction atypique, située à l’interface entre l’entreprise et la société, comme un lieu de défense de principes juridiques, de convictions politiques ou de valeurs éthiques, au-delà de la cause de l’entreprise ? Nous mettons au jour la variété des manières d’investir la fonction en distinguant trois postures idéales-typiques : l’expert·e distancié·e (ou gestionnaire de projets), qui prend soin de mettre à distance ce qui pourrait l’associer non seulement à une militante mais aussi à une spécialiste de la diversité ; l’expert·e critique (ou militant professionnel) qui poursuit une mission de réforme de l’entreprise, en s’appuyant sur des principes juridiques et politiques ; l’expert·e investi·e (ou professionnelle de la vertu), qui valorise fortement la dimension civique de la fonction, tout en se tenant à distance de toute dimension politique – conflictuelle et critique. En croisant les apports de la littérature sur le militantisme intra-organisationnel et des travaux sur l’ethos professionnel des cadres exerçant des fonctions associées à la « responsabilité sociale des entreprises », l’article met au jour différentes formes d’articulation entre la rationalité gestionnaire et d’autres sphères de valeurs dans le monde des affaires. Drawing on 68 interviews with diversity managers working in the headquarters of French global companies, this article explores the extent to which they develop a professional identity that is critical and/or oriented to values. Do they envision their atypical role at the interface between the company and society as a site for defending legal principles, political convictions, or ethical values, above and beyond working for business interests? We expose the variety of ways in which diversity managers define their professional role, distinguishing three ideal-typical identities: 1)the distanced expert (or "project manager"), who is careful to hold at bay anything that might make her appear as a diversity specialist, let alone a diversity activist; 2)the critical expert (or "professional activist"), whose see himself as engaged in progressive reform of the company, based on legal and political antidiscrimination principles; 3)and the committed expert (or "performer of corporate virtue”), who attaches great value to the civic dimension of the role while distancing herself from its political (conflictual and critical) dimensions. Contributing to scholarships on intra-organization activism as well as on CSR professionals' identity work, the article brings to light a range of ways by which business rationality is combined with other normative orders within large corporate settings.

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    François Aguet; Srigokul Upadhyayula; Raphael Gaudin; Yi-ying Chou; +14 Authors

    Membrane remodeling is an essential part of transferring components to and from the cell surface and membrane-bound organelles and for changes in cell shape, which are particularly critical during cell division. Earlier analyses, based on classical optical live-cell imaging and mostly restricted by technical necessity to the attached bottom surface, showed persistent formation of endocytic clathrin pits and vesicles during mitosis. Taking advantage of the resolution, speed, and noninvasive illumination of the newly developed lattice light-sheet fluorescence microscope, we reexamined their assembly dynamics over the entire cell surface and found that clathrin pits form at a lower rate during late mitosis. Full-cell imaging measurements of cell surface area and volume throughout the cell cycle of single cells in culture and in zebrafish embryos showed that the total surface increased rapidly during the transition from telophase to cytokinesis, whereas cell volume increased slightly in metaphase and was relatively constant during cytokinesis. These applications demonstrate the advantage of lattice light-sheet microscopy and enable a new standard for imaging membrane dynamics in single cells and multicellular assemblies. Lattice light-sheet microscopy is used to examine two problems in membrane dynamics—molecular events in clathrin-coated pit formation and changes in cell shape during cell division. This methodology sets a new standard for imaging membrane dynamics in single cells and multicellular assemblies.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Article . 2016
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    Molecular Biology of the Cell
    Article . 2016
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    Other literature type . 2016
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    Yinan Zhou; Pierre Kaser;

    Presentation Dernier rejeton d'une longue lignee d'homme de lettres, le jeune Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597-1681) connut l'opulence d'un riche lettre oisif, s'adonnant tout a loisir a sa passion pour la litterature et a son gout tres marque pour le theâtre avant de tout perdre au moment de la chute des Ming 明 (1644). Reste fidele a la defunte dynastie, il brava les interdits en en redigeant l'histoire. Depouille et traque, il eprouva la misere et la clandestinite, ce qui explique que la plupart de ses e...

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    Impressions d’Extrême-Orient
    Article . 2017
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    Article . 2017
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    Olivier Robin;

    Resume Les algies de l’appareil manducateur, affectant les muscles masticateurs et l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM), sont frequentes et representent la deuxieme cause de douleur orofaciale apres les douleurs buccodentaires. Compte tenu de la complexite de l’innervation trigeminale, a l’origine de nombreuses douleurs referees, ces algies posent parfois un probleme de diagnostic differentiel, surtout lorsqu’elles sont localisees dans la region auriculaire ou pre-auriculaire. De meme, le diagnostic differentiel entre les douleurs d’origine musculaire et d’origine articulaire n’est pas toujours evident en raison, notamment, de certains signes cliniques communs comme la limitation de l’ouverture buccale et les douleurs provoquees a la mastication. Cet article se propose de decrire les caracteristiques des principaux symptomes douloureux de l’appareil manducateur representes par les myalgies (aigues ou chroniques) et les arthralgies (ATM) qui se manifestent principalement dans quatre situations cliniques : capsulite, retrodiscite, luxation discale irreductible aigue et crise d’arthrite. L’interrogatoire du patient, qui permettra de preciser la symptomatologie, et l’examen clinique sont determinants pour le diagnostic. Le recours a l’imagerie (IRM, scanner de l’ATM) est peu frequent et reserve a des situations particulieres, ne permettant pas d’etablir un diagnostic fiable.

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    Williams-Wanquet, Eileen;

    Communication à la Journée de recherche du CRLHOI "Texte et politique" en avril 2013 à l'Université de La Réunion; National audience; Indigo (1993) de Marina Warner, qui reprend, à la fois, l'Histoire coloniale anglaise et La Tempête de Shakespeare, illustre bien une des tendances de la littérature britannique des années 1980 et 1990, qui commente le monde à travers la révision de l'idéologie transmise par des « hypotextes » précis. Cet article vise à montrer la manière dont, pour reprendre les termes de Jacques Rancière, « la littérature fait de la politique en tant que littérature ». Ce que Rancière nomme le caractère propre-impropre de la littérature est ce qui lui permet d'avoir une portée politique, en « reconfigurant la carte du sensible ». J'utiliserai les trois temps décrits par Rancière pour éclairer la démarche de Warner : la « police », ou l'ordre établi, dans lequel Warner ancre son histoire de manière réaliste ; « la poli-tique », ou la remise en cause de cet ordre, par l'utilisation de procédés tels que l'ironie, l'inversion de point de vue, ou l'hypertextualité ; « le politique », ou l'appel éthique à un nouvel ordre utopique, par le recours à l'intertextualité, au réalisme magique ou à la symbolique. La réécriture de l'idéologie transmise par l'hypotexte équivaut à une révision de l'hypotexte diffus de la Modernité.

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    Mohamad Jaafar Ali; Hassine Moungla; Mohamed Younis; Ahmed Mehaoua;

    The overlap of transmission ranges among multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is referred to as coexistence. The interference is most likely to affect the communication links and degrade the performance when sensors of different WBANs simultaneously transmit using the same channel. In this paper, we propose a distributed approach that adapts to the size of the network, i.e., the number of coexisting WBANs, and to the density of sensors forming each individual WBAN in order to minimize the impact of co-channel interference through dynamic channel hopping based on Latin rectangles. Furthermore, the proposed approach opts to reduce the overhead resulting from channel hopping, and lowers the transmission delay, and saves the power resource at both sensor- and WBAN-levels. Specifically, we propose two schemes for channel allocation and medium access scheduling to diminish the probability of inter-WBAN interference. The first scheme, namely, Distributed Interference Avoidance using Latin rectangles (DAIL), assigns channel and time-slot combination that reduces the probability of medium access collision. DAIL suits crowded areas, e.g., high density of coexisting WBANs, and involves overhead due to frequent channel hopping at the WBAN coordinator and sensors. The second scheme, namely, CHIM, takes advantage of the relatively lower density of collocated WBANs to save power by hopping among channels only when interference is detected at the level of the individual nodes. We present an analytical model that derives the collision probability and network throughput. The performance of DAIL and CHIM is further validated through simulations. Comment: 2017 Ad Hoc Networks - ELSEVIER

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    Ad Hoc Networks
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    Sébastien Roman;

    Dans Parcours de la reconnaissance, Paul Ricoeur accorde une attention particulière à la théorie sociale honnethienne, d'une part parce qu'elle porte sur le thème majeur des luttes pour la reconnaissance, d'autre part parce qu'elle propose une conception néo-hégélienne de la justice sociale convaincante. Toutefois, tout en adhérant au projet honnethien, Ricoeur instaure un lien dialectique entre la justice et l'amour pour corriger un défaut consubstantiel à l'Anerkennung. Seule la référence à l'agapè permettrait de sortir du caractère interminable de la lutte, en montrant que les hommes sont capables de reconnaissance mutuelle par des pratiques sociales de don/contre-don. Ricoeur présente l'agapè comme un simple complément du projet honnethien. Le présent article revient sur cette affirmation, et montre, au contraire, que le recours à l'agapè modifie les luttes pour la reconnaissance, et n'aide pas à penser une justice sociale capable de témoigner des expériences de l'injustice, et de les combattre. Mots-clés: Paul Ricoeur, Axel Honneth, luttes pour la reconnaissance, agapè, justice sociale. In The Course of Recognition, Paul Ricoeur pays special attention to Honneth’s social theory, on the one hand,because it is devoted to the important issue of the struggles for recognition and, on the other hand, becauseAxel Honneth proposes a convincing neo-Hegelian conception of social justice. However, while adhering toHonneth’s project, Ricoeur establishes a dialectical relationship between love and justice, in order to correctan inherent defect of Anerkennung. The reference to agápē would provide the only way out of the endlessstruggle, by demonstrating that human beings are capable of mutual recognition through the social practiceof gift/counter-gift. Ricoeur presents agápē as a simple add-on to the Honnethian project. The present paperreturns to this assertion, and demonstrates that, on the contrary, the use of agápē alters the struggles forrecognition, and does not help us to arrive at a conception of social justice, which is capable of revealingexperiences of injustice and combatting them.

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    Other literature type . 2015
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    Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies
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    Article . 2015
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    Rouxel, Mélanie; Mestre Artigues, Pedro-Felipe; Deliere, Laurent; Richart-Cervera, Sylvie; +1 Authors

    National audience

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    Fontaine-Benaoum, Élodie;

    L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, à partir d’une approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), l’influence de la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants en situation de handicap, sur la qualité de vie de leur famille, et sur les représentations des professionnels.Pour cela, notre échantillon se compose de 48 enfants en situation de handicap (23 filles et 25 garçons), âgés de 11 mois à 4.7 ans et accueillis en structure collective de la petite enfance, de 56 parents (47 mères et 9 pères) et de 79 professionnels. Le développement socio-affectif des enfants a été appréhendé à l’aide d’une observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) et d’un entretien semi-directif (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Les parents ont renseignés deux questionnaires relatifs à leur qualité de vie familiale : le Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) et le Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). Ils ont également répondu à un entretien semi-directif, l'Entretien « R » (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) permettant d’investiguer les représentations que les parents ont de leur enfant. Les professionnels ont été interrogés, d’une part à partir d’un questionnaire visant à identifier les valeurs éducatives qu’ils privilégient (CaMIE ; Ramstein, Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) et d’autre part, à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de saisir leurs représentations du handicap et de leur rôle. Enfin, les relations parents-professionnels ont été analysées à travers le Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) et l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’une structure collective de la petite enfance permet aux enfants en situation de handicap de maintenir et/ou d’accroître leurs compétences socio-adaptatives. Par ailleurs, plus les enfants mobilisent d’habiletés adaptatives et communicatives, moins les parents rapportent d’impacts négatifs du handicap sur leur vie de famille. Ils manifestent alors davantage de satisfaction dans leur rôle de parents et de bien-être émotionnel. En outre, plus l’enfant rencontre de difficultés au plan socio-affectif, plus les parents expriment d’affects négatifs quand ils pensent à leur enfant ou sont avec lui. Aussi, plus les parents sont satisfaits de leur qualité de vie familiale, plus, d’une part, les descriptions de l’enfant se centrent sur ses compétences et plus, d’autre part, les émotions que les parents déclarent ressentir sont positives. Enfin, les professionnels définissent majoritairement le handicap dans sa dimension médicale mais ne perçoivent pas de différence dans l’exercice de leur rôle que l’enfant soit en situation de handicap ou non. The aim of this research is to study, with an ecological system theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the influence of the attendance of day care on socio-emotional development of children with disabilities, on family quality of life, and the representations of professionals.With this mind, our sample consists of 48 children with disabilities (23 girls and 25 boys) aged from 11 months to 4.7 years in day care, 56 parents (47 mothers and fathers 9) and 79 professionals. The socio-emotional development of children has been apprehended using an observation (Evaluation de la Communication Sociale Précoce, Tourette & Guidetti, 1993) and a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). Parents have filled two questionnaires on their family quality of life: the Family Quality Of Life scale (Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers & Turnbull, 2006) and the Family Impact of Childhood Disability (Trute, Hiebert-Murphy & Levine, 2007). They also answered a semi-structured interview, the interview "R" (Stern, Robert-Tissot, Besson, in Lebovici, Mazet & Visier, 1989) to investigate the representations that parents have of their child. The professionals were interviewed, firstly from a questionnaire to identify their preferred educational values (CaMIE; Ramstein Krucher, El-Najjar, & Pierrehumbert, 2005) and secondly, to using a semi-structured interview to capture their representations of disability and their role. Finally, parent-professional relationships were analyzed through the Family-professional partnership Scale (Summers et al., 2005) and l’Echelle de collaboration parent-professionnel (Lacharité, Moreau & Moreau, 1999).The main results show that the attendance of day care allows children with disabilities to maintain and/or increase their social adaptive skills. In addition, more children mobilize adaptive and communicative skills, parents report less negative impact of disability on family life. They then show more satisfaction in their parenting and emotional well-being. In addition, most children encounter difficulties in socio-emotional, most parents express negative affect when they think of their child or are with them. Also, most parents are satisfied with their quality of family life, plus the one hand, the child's descriptions are focused on their skills and on the other hand, the emotions that parents say they feel are positive. Finally, professionals mainly define disability in its medical dimension but receive no difference in the performance of their role as the child is living with disabilities or not.

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    Other literature type . 2016
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    Ayachi, Safia;

    La douleur est un problème de santé publique majeur qui réduit la qualité de vie des patients et engendre un coût élevé pour la société. Malgré les efforts fournis pour développer de nouveaux analgésiques, les opiacés restent le moyen le plus efficace pour réduire la douleur moyenne à intense. Cependant, leur utilisation prolongée est responsable du développement d’une tolérance à leurs effets analgésiques et d’une hypersensibilité à la douleur (hyperalgésie). Il a été proposé que ces phénomènes pourraient résulter de l'activation d’un système anti-opioïde tel que celui des récepteurs RF-amide, mais leurs mécanismes d’action sont encore mal compris. L'objectif de ce projet a ainsi été d'étudier l'implication des récepteurs RF-amide NPFFR1, NPFFR2 et GPR103a dans le développement de l'hyperalgésie induite par les opiacés. Allant du niveau cellulaire, en s’intéressant à l’expression des ARNm, à la modulation de l’activité neuronale induite par le 26RFa, jusqu’à un niveau plus intégré via une approche in vivo et l’étude des seuils nociceptifs et de la douleur chez la souris ; ce travail a permis d’avoir une vision globale des effets du système RF-amide et principalement de GPR103a. En abordant la question des effets secondaires associés aux traitements chroniques opiacés, ce projet pourrait conduire à l'élaboration de stratégies de traitement de la douleur prometteuses. Pain is a major health problem that reduces quality of life and imparts high social and economic costs. Despite efforts to develop new analgesics, opiates remain the most effective way to reduce severe pain. However, their prolonged use is associated with the development of analgesic tolerance and hypersensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia). It has been proposed that these phenomena would result from the activation of anti-opioid system like RF-amide receptors system, but their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. The objective of this project was to study the involvement of NPFFR1, NPFFR2 and GPR103a receptors in the development of opioidinduced hyperalgesia. This work gave an overall view of the effects of the RF-amide system and mainly of GPR103a, ranging from the cellular level, to the expression of mRNAs, to the modulation of the 26RFa-induced neuronal activity, up to an integrated level via an in vivo approach and the study of nociceptive thresholds and pain in mice. By addressing the issue of side effects associated with opioid chronic treatments, this project may lead to the development of promising strategies for pain treatment.

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    Other literature type . 2017
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    Laure Bereni; Dorothée Prud’Homme;

    En s’appuyant sur une série de 68 entretiens avec des « responsables diversité » de grandes entreprises françaises, cet article explore les conditions de possibilité et les formes de la mobilisation de postures critiques ou « orientées vers les valeurs » par des cadres de grandes entreprises, dans leur travail. Ces cadres envisagent-ils/elles cette fonction atypique, située à l’interface entre l’entreprise et la société, comme un lieu de défense de principes juridiques, de convictions politiques ou de valeurs éthiques, au-delà de la cause de l’entreprise ? Nous mettons au jour la variété des manières d’investir la fonction en distinguant trois postures idéales-typiques : l’expert·e distancié·e (ou gestionnaire de projets), qui prend soin de mettre à distance ce qui pourrait l’associer non seulement à une militante mais aussi à une spécialiste de la diversité ; l’expert·e critique (ou militant professionnel) qui poursuit une mission de réforme de l’entreprise, en s’appuyant sur des principes juridiques et politiques ; l’expert·e investi·e (ou professionnelle de la vertu), qui valorise fortement la dimension civique de la fonction, tout en se tenant à distance de toute dimension politique – conflictuelle et critique. En croisant les apports de la littérature sur le militantisme intra-organisationnel et des travaux sur l’ethos professionnel des cadres exerçant des fonctions associées à la « responsabilité sociale des entreprises », l’article met au jour différentes formes d’articulation entre la rationalité gestionnaire et d’autres sphères de valeurs dans le monde des affaires. Drawing on 68 interviews with diversity managers working in the headquarters of French global companies, this article explores the extent to which they develop a professional identity that is critical and/or oriented to values. Do they envision their atypical role at the interface between the company and society as a site for defending legal principles, political convictions, or ethical values, above and beyond working for business interests? We expose the variety of ways in which diversity managers define their professional role, distinguishing three ideal-typical identities: 1)the distanced expert (or "project manager"), who is careful to hold at bay anything that might make her appear as a diversity specialist, let alone a diversity activist; 2)the critical expert (or "professional activist"), whose see himself as engaged in progressive reform of the company, based on legal and political antidiscrimination principles; 3)and the committed expert (or "performer of corporate virtue”), who attaches great value to the civic dimension of the role while distancing herself from its political (conflictual and critical) dimensions. Contributing to scholarships on intra-organization activism as well as on CSR professionals' identity work, the article brings to light a range of ways by which business rationality is combined with other normative orders within large corporate settings.

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    François Aguet; Srigokul Upadhyayula; Raphael Gaudin; Yi-ying Chou; +14 Authors

    Membrane remodeling is an essential part of transferring components to and from the cell surface and membrane-bound organelles and for changes in cell shape, which are particularly critical during cell division. Earlier analyses, based on classical optical live-cell imaging and mostly restricted by technical necessity to the attached bottom surface, showed persistent formation of endocytic clathrin pits and vesicles during mitosis. Taking advantage of the resolution, speed, and noninvasive illumination of the newly developed lattice light-sheet fluorescence microscope, we reexamined their assembly dynamics over the entire cell surface and found that clathrin pits form at a lower rate during late mitosis. Full-cell imaging measurements of cell surface area and volume throughout the cell cycle of single cells in culture and in zebrafish embryos showed that the total surface increased rapidly during the transition from telophase to cytokinesis, whereas cell volume increased slightly in metaphase and was relatively constant during cytokinesis. These applications demonstrate the advantage of lattice light-sheet microscopy and enable a new standard for imaging membrane dynamics in single cells and multicellular assemblies. Lattice light-sheet microscopy is used to examine two problems in membrane dynamics—molecular events in clathrin-coated pit formation and changes in cell shape during cell division. This methodology sets a new standard for imaging membrane dynamics in single cells and multicellular assemblies.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Article . 2016
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Molecular Biology of the Cell
    Article . 2016
    License: cc-by-nc-sa
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    Other literature type . 2016
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