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330 Research products

  • 2014-2023
  • Doctoral thesis
  • LV
  • Latvian

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    Authors: Studente, Aija;

    Promocijas darba mērķis ir pētīt vispārizglītojošā internātpamatskolā dzīvojošo pusaudžu dzīvesdarbības prasmes un izstrādāt teorētiski pamatotu pedagoģiskās darbības modeli dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguvei, to eksperimentāli pārbaudīt. Pētījuma aktualitāti nosaka fakts, ka internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskais process nav pētīts, internātskolu praksē nav konsekventas izpratnes par to, kā dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguvi savienot ar mācību un audzināšanas procesu, kā arī teorētiski pamatotu un empīriski pārbaudītu dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguves kritēriju un rādītāju nepieciešamība skolu (internātpamatskolu) pedagoģijas teorijā un praksē. Promocijas darbā autore analizē darbības, dzīvesdarbības būtību un konkretizē jēdzienu dzīvesdarbības prasmes. Uz zinātniskās literatūras analīzes pamata atklāta dzīvesdarbības prasmju veidošanās darbībā, tās objektīvie un subjektīvie komponenti, pamatojot dzīvesdarbības prasmju nepieciešamību internātpamatskolā, kas nosaka tālāko skolēnu sekmīgu dzīvesdarbību. Definēti subjektīvie sekmīgu dzīvesdarbību veicinošie faktori: motivētība, mērķtiecība, patstāvība, pašattīstība. Promocijas darbā atklāti pedagoģiskie nosacījumi pusaudžu dzīvesdarbības prasmju sekmīgai attīstībai vispārizglītojošas internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskajā procesā. Pētījuma gaitā izstrādāta un empīriski pārbaudīta dzīvesdarbības prasmju veidošanās procesuālā struktūra, dzīvesdarbības prasmju kritēriji un rādītāji. Izveidots teorētiski pamatots dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguves modelis pusaudžiem, noteikti tā nozīmīgākie struktūrkomponenti, akcentējot ģimeniskuma un sadarbības nozīmi. Empīriskā pētījuma rezultāti apstiprina aizvirzīto hipotēzi par dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguvi internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskajā procesā. Pētījuma bāzi veido Balvu novada Tilžas internātpamatskolas, Liepājas novada Vaiņodes internātpamatskolas, Alūksnes novada Liepnas internātpamatskolas un Jēkabpils novada Biržu internātpamatskolas 140 skolēni un 69 skolotāji. Promocijas darbu veido divas daļas, nobeigums, literatūras saraksts un pielikumi. Darba pamatteksts izklāstīts uz 156 lappusēm, to ilustrē 36 attēli, 9 tabulas. Literatūras un avotu sarakstā iekļauti 307 izdevumu nosaukumi latviešu, krievu, angļu un vācu valodās. Pievienots 21 pielikums. Atslēgvārdi: darbība, dzīvesdarbība, prasmes, dzīvesdarbības prasmes, internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskais process. The goal of the PhD dissertation is to study the lifeskills of adolescents living in a general boarding elementary school and to develop theoretically based pedagogical operating model for acquisition of lifeskills, and to examine it experimentally. Topicality of the research has been determined by the fact that the pedagogical process of the boarding elementary school has not been researched yet; there is no consequent understanding, how to relate acquisition of lifeskills with learning and upbringing process, as well as the necessity of theoretically based and empirically examined criteria and indicators of lifeskills’ acquisition in the pedagogical theory and practice of schools (boarding elementary schools). The author of the PhD dissertation analyses nature of activity, lifeskills activity and specifies the notion of lifeskills. Building of lifeskills in actions, its objective and subjective components are discovered on the basis of scientific literature analysis by justifying the necessity of lifeskills at boarding elementary school, which determines further successful life activities of pupils. The following subjective contributing factors of lifeskills have been defined: motivatedness, purposefulness, self-independence, self-development. In the PhD dissertation pedagogical conditions for successful development of adolescents’ lifeskills in the pedagogical process of general boarding elementary school are discovered. During the research period the procedural structure of lifeskills’ building has been developed and empirically examined, as well as criteria and indicators of lifeskills. Theoretically-based model for acquisition of lifeskills for adolescents has been created; the most significant structural components emphasizing importance of family and cooperation has been determined. Results of empirical research approve the stated hypothesis about acquisition of lifeskills in the pedagogical process of boarding elementary school. Research base consists of 140 pupils and 69 teachers of Balvi Municipality Tilža Boarding Elementary School, Alūksne Municipality Liepna Boarding Elementary School and Jēkabpils Municipality Biržu Boarding Elementary School.

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    Authors: Petrovska, Kristīne;

    In the first chapter of the dissertation the essence un interpretations of the systemic risk is explored, identification and analysis of factors that contribute to the systemic risk is done, including, distinguishing system agents and their interests that facilitate the increase in systemic risk level. The role of the systemic risk in contributing to the financial crisis is also explored, as well as the costs and benefits of the regulatory framework of the systemic risk are analysed. In the second chapter of the dissertation various systemic risk evaluation models and their disadvantages are examined, including on accounting data based models, on market data based models, network models, combined models. The second chapter ends with the rationale for the evaluation model of the indirect interconnectedness aspect of the systemic risk that is applicable to banking sectors in the Baltic countries. Whereas, in the third chapter of the dissertation the development and specifics of the Baltic banking systems are investigated, the methodological aspects of the model are set, and results are presented. As well as robustness checks are performed using alternative methods to analyse systemic risk. Keywords: systemic risk, indirect interconnectedness, banking system Promocijas darba pirmajā daļā tiek izpētīta sistēmiskā riska būtība un interpretācijas, tiek veikta sistēmiskā riska veicinošo faktoru identificēšana un analīze. Tiek arī noteikta sistēmiskā riska loma finanšu krīzes veicināšanā, kā arī analizēti sistēmiskā riska pārvaldīšanas regulatīvā ietvara ieguvumi un trūkumi. Promocijas darba otrajā daļā tiek pētīti dažādi sistēmiskā riska novērtēšanas modeļi un to trūkumi, un tiek veikts Baltijas banku nozares sistēmiskā riska aspekta – netiešās savstarpējās saiknes – novērtēšanas modeļa izstrādes pamatojums. Promocijas darba trešajā daļā tiek izpētīta Baltijas valstu banku sistēmu attīstība un specifika, tiek noteikti modeļa metodoloģiskie aspekti un sniegti modeļa rezultāti, kā arī veikts kritisks modeļa rezultātu novērtējums, izmantojot alternatīvas sistēmiskā riska analīzes metodes. No modeļa rezultātiem tiek secināts, ka Latvijas banku nozarē starp bankām pastāv visciešākā sasaiste. Atslēgvārdi: sistēmiskais risks, netiešās savstarpējās saiknes, banku sistēma.

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    Authors: Paparde, Artūrs;

    Blood flow in the microcirc ulation plays an important role. However, grate influence on tissue functional state have the type, the gain and the depth of hypoxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of acute systemic continuous and intermittent normobaric hypoxia on skin microcirculatory bed and local regulatory mechanisms. In study participated 65 young healthy both gender respondents. In acute systemic hypoxia systemic and regional hemodynamic parameters increased, while decrease was observed in endothelium dependent vasodilation and serum cytokine concentrations. The acute systemic continuous and intermittent normobaric hypoxia causes different effects on skin microcirculatory bed vasomotor reactions, which mainly could be explained by systemic haemodynamic and local regulatory mechanism change on local hemodynamic patterns. Asins plūsmai mikrocirkulācijas līmenī hipoksijas apstākļos ir svarīga loma, tomēr hipoksijas efekts ir atkarīgs no hipoksijas veida, dziļuma un ilguma. Darba mērķis bija novērtēt akūtas sistēmiskas nepārtrauktas un epizodiskas normobāriskas hipoksijas ietekmi uz ādas mikrocirkulācijas gultni un vietējām adaptācijas reakcijām. Pētījumā piedalījās 65 jauni, veseli, abu dzimumu respondenti. Akūtas hipoksijas ietekmē palielinājās sistēmiskie un reģionālie hemodinamikas parametri, savukārt samazinājās endotēlija atkarīgā vazodilatācija un seruma citokīnu koncentrācijas. Akūta sistēmiska nepārtraukta un epizodiska normobāriska hipoksija izraisa atšķirīgas ādas mikrocirkulācijas gultnes vazomotorās reakcijas, kuras realizējas ar sistēmiskās hemodinamikas iz maiņām un dažādu lokālo regulācijas mehānismu ietekmi uz lokālo hemodinamiku.

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    Authors: Zubkins, Mārtiņš;

    Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are widely used in optoelectronics. AZO is considered as an alternative to the expensive ITO. There is still a lack of understanding how the deposition conditions affect films properties. It is also necessary to produce a high quality p-type TCO. In this study, the n-type AZO and the p-type Zn-Ir-O films have been deposited by magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by XRF, XRD, XAS, SEM, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, Hall effect, thermoelectric measurements and visible light transmittance. The study demonstrates the rapid change in aluminium concentration at low oxygen flow. The electrical activation of Al impurities and the structure of the films changes depending on the oxygen flow used in the reactive process. ZnO doping with Ir results in degradation of the nano-crystalline structure. Ir ion charge state transition, a new vibration band and the transition from the n-type to p-type conductivity can be observed. Caurspīdīgās un elektrovadošās oksīdu (TCO) kārtiņas tiek izmantotas opto-elektronikā. AZO tiek uzskatīts par alternatīvu dārgajam ITO. Joprojām nav pilnībā izprasta izgatavošanas parametru ietekme uz AZO kārtiņu īpašībām. Ir nepieciešams izgatavot arī kvalitatīvu p-tipa TCO. Šajā darbā ir izgatavotas n-tipa AZO un p-tipa Zn-Ir-O kārtiņas ar magnetrono izputināšanu. Kārtiņas tika raksturotas ar XRF, XRD, XAS, SEM, Ramana un FTIR spektroskopiju, Holla efektu, termoelektriskajiem mērījumiem un redzamās gaismas caurlaidību. Darbā ir nodemonstrēta strauja alumīnija koncentrācijas izmaiņa pie zemas skābekļa plūsmas. Al piemaisījumu elektriskā aktivācija un kārtiņas struktūra mainās atkarībā no izmantotās skābekļa plūsmas vērtības. ZnO pievienojot Ir, norit kristāliskās struktūras degradācija. Ir novērojama Ir jona lādiņa izmaiņa un jauna svārstību josla, kas ir attiecināma uz peroksīda jonu svārstībām. Tika novērota pāreja no n-tipa uz p-tipa vadītspēju.

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    Authors: Rollis, Ivo;

    The doctoral thesis aims to evaluate and compare successes and risks of the Europeanization of executive coordination mechanisms of Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia before and after accession to the European Union in the period from 1995 to 2019 and to make recommendations to the Central and Eastern European EU Member States and the candidate countries of the Western Balkans. The thesis's theoretical model foresees that increased Europeanization’s impact on the executive stimulates the development of a more functionally and institutionally structured national EU policy coordination mechanism. The author concludes that governance reforms are long-lasting if systematically sustainable coordination mechanisms facilitate their implementation. As the EU's functional pressure decreases during EU membership, national-level factors acquire an essential impact on coordination mechanisms, while national EU affairs coordination experiences decentralisation. Keywords: Europeanization, institutional system, coordination mechanisms, national EU policy. Promocijas darba mērķis ir izvērtēt un salīdzināt Igaunijas, Latvijas un Slovēnijas izpildvaras koordinācijas mehānismu eiropeizācijas panākumus un riskus pirms un pēc iestāšanās ES laika periodā no 1995. - 2019. gadam. Darba teorētiskais modelis paredz, ka, pieaugot eiropeizācijas ietekmei uz izpildvaru, nacionālās ES politikas koordinācijas mehānisms kļūst funkcionāli un institucionāli strukturētāks. Autors secina, ka pārvaldības reformas ir ilgtspējīgākas, ja to īstenošanu nodrošina sistēmiski noturīgs koordinācijas mehānisms. Mazinoties ES funkcionālajam spiedienam dalības ES posmā, nozīmīgāku ietekmi uz koordinācijas mehānismiem iegūst nacionālā līmeņa faktori, savukārt ES jautājumu koordinācijā novērojama decentralizācija. Atslēgvārdi: eiropeizācija, institucionālā sistēma, koordinācijas mehānismi, nacionālā ES politika.

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    Authors: Onževs, Māris;

    In the Dissertation “Legal aspects of temporal scope of legal norms in the state of law” the author researches, in which situations the legislator is lawfully entitled to pass legal norms with impact on past legal relationship. The affecting of established legal relationship shall be evaluated basing on the principle of protection of legitimate expectations. For recognition of violence of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations, the possible retroactivity of the legal framework shall be stated first. In contradistinction to the penal law, where the retroactivity is illegitimate per se, in other legal disciplines, the recognition of the retroactivity shall be followed by evaluation of the possibility to protect the public interest with less interference into the established legal relationship. Whereas in other situations, when the retroactivity has not affected the legal relationship, the eventual violence of the retroactivity shall be recognized basing on the methodology of evaluation of the principle of proportionality that is adjusted for evaluation of the legal norms in the aspect of time. Promocijas darbā „Tiesību normu laika aspekti tiesiskā un demokrātiskā valstī” ir izpētīts, kuros gadījumos likumdevējs ir tiesīgs pieņemt tiesību normas ar iedarbību uz pagātnē izveidotām tiesiskajām attiecībām. Izveidotu tiesisko attiecību ietekmēšana ir izvērtējama, balstoties uz tiesiskās paļāvības principu. Lai noskaidrotu, vai tiesiskās paļāvības princips ir aizskarts, ir jākonstatē, vai tiesību normām ir atpakaļejošs spēks laikā. Atšķirībā no sodu tiesībām, kur atpakaļejošs spēka identificēšana per se padara tiesību normas par prettiesiskām, citās tiesību nozarēs pēc atpakaļejoša spēka konstatēšanas vēl būtu jāizvērtē, vai sabiedrības interešu aizsardzība nav iespējama ar mazāku iejaukšanos izveidotās tiesiskajās attiecībās. Savukārt pārējos gadījumos, kad izveidotas tiesiskās attiecības nav ietekmētas ar atpakaļejošu spēku, eventuālā tiesiskās paļāvības aizskaršana būtu nosakāma, balstoties uz samērīguma izvērtēšanas metodoloģiju, kas pielāgota tiesību normu analīzei no laika aspekta.

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    Authors: Gončars, Valdis;

    Early stages knee and hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) treatment results with red bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) intraarticular injection was evaluated. The clinical effects on knee OA symptoms and tissue structure changes were observed. The group of 32 patients of knee and 27 hip joints OA were analysed. The clinical results and structural changes were evaluated. No adverse effects after the BM-MNC injection were observed. At the end of the follow up all score results had improved. Decrease of bone marrow oedema and cartilage degenerative changes on magnetic resonance images was observed. Comparing score results to the control group a statistically significant superiority in pain reducing of BM-MNC group was observed. Conclusions: The single dose bone marrow derived mononuclear cell injection is a save procedure which reduces clinical signs of the knee and hip osteoarthritis of stage II- III and in some cases decreases degenerative changes in the joint building tissues over 12 months period. Tika pētīta ceļa un gūžas locītavas osteoartrīta (OA) agrīno stadiju ārstēšana ar sarkano kaula smadzeņu mononukleārām šūnām (KS-MNŠ). Pēc to intraartikulāras injekcijas tika vērtētas OA simptomu un locītavas audu struktūru izmaiņas 32 pacientu grupai ar ceļa un 27 pacientu grupai ar gūžas OA. Klīniskie rezultāti un strukturālās izmaiņas tika izvērtēti 12 mēnešu periodā. Netika novērotas nevēlamas blakusparādības. Tika konstatēts pacientu klīniskā stāvokļa uzlabojums. Salīdzinot ar kontroles grupu, bija vērojams statistiski nozīmīgs pārsvars sāpju mazināšanā KS-MNŠ grupas pacientiem. Magnētiskās rezonanses izmeklējumos tika novērots uzlabojums mazinot kaula smadzeņu tūsku un locītavas skrimšļa deģeneratīvās izmaiņas Secinājumi: vienreizēja (KS-MNŠ) injekcija ir droša ārstēšanas metode, kas mazina ceļa un gūžas locītavas II-III stadijas osteoartrīta klīniskos simptomus un daļā gadījumu deģeneratīvās izmaiņas locītavu veidojošajos audos 12 mēnešu periodā.

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    Authors: Ansone-Bērtiņa, Linda;

    Promocijas darbā veikta augstas pievienotās vērtības sorbentu izstrāde, izmantojot vienu no Latvijas nozīmīgākajiem vietējiem derīgajiem izrakteņiem, un pētītas to izmantošanas iespējas. Promocijas darbā sintezēti sorbenti, kuru pamatā ir biomateriāli, kas modificēti ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Izvērtētas kūdras kā sorbenta izmantošanas iespējas, kā arī pētītas kūdras modificēšanas metodes un to ietekme uz sorbcijas kapacitāti. Bez kūdras izmantoti arī tādi materiāli kā sūnas, skaidas, salmi, niedres, humīnskābes un salīdzinājumam arī smiltis, kas arī modificēti ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Sintezētie sorbenti raksturoti, izmantojot skenējošo elektronmikroskopiju (SEM), Furjē tanformācijas infrasarkanos spektrus (FT-IS), kā arī noteikts to īpatnējās virsmas laukums, mitruma, organisko vielu un Fe2O3 saturs, elementsastāvs, un nulles lādiņa punkts. Pētīta metaloīdu (As(III), As(V), As(org.), Sb(III), Sb(V), Te(IV) un Te(VI)) sorbcija uz sintezētajiem sorbentiem. Metaloīdu koncentrācijas pirms un pēc sorbcijas noteiktas, izmantojot atomu absorbcijas spektrometriju vai induktīvi saistītās plazmas masspektrometriju. Pētīta arī metaloīdu sorbcija atkarībā no dažādu fizikālķīmisko parametru – pH, jonu spēka, traucējošo jonu, temperatūras ietekmes, kā arī sorbcijas kinētika. Iegūtie rezultāti liecina, ka metaloīdu sorbcija uz neapstrādātas kūdras praktiski nenotiek taču pētījumā sintezētie sorbenti uz kūdras bāzes ir izmantojami As, Sb un Te savienojumu saistīšanai, jo materiālu modificēšana ar dzelzs savienojumiem būtiski palielina sorbentu sorbcijas kapacitāti. Metaloīdu saistīšanai visefektīvākais sorbents ir ar dzelzs savienojumiem modificēta kūdra, taču efektīvi izmantojami ir arī ar dzelzs savienojumiem modificētas sūnas un ar dzelzs savienojumiem modificētas skaidas. Šķīduma pH būtiski ietekmē As(V) un Sb sorbciju uz biomateriālu sorbentiem, kas modificēti ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Citu jonu, kā arī humīnskābju klātbūtne ietekmē metaloīdu sorbciju uz kūdras sorbenta, kas modificēts ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Termodinamiskie parametri norāda, ka metaloīdu sorbcija uz kūdras, kas modificēta ar dzelzs savienojumiem, ir spontāna un endotermiska, un process ir enerģētiski izdevīgāks augstākās temperatūrās. Metaloīdu saistīšanās pie kūdras, kas modificēta ar dzelzs savienojumiem, galvenokārt notiek saskaņā ar fizikālās sorbcijas mehānismu. In the PhD thesis the development of high value-added sorbent has been performed using peat, one of the most significant mineral resources in Latvia. In the PhD thesis synthesis of biomaterial based sorbents that is modified with iron compounds has performed. Moreover, potential use of application of peat has been investigated. Moss modified with iron compounds, as well as straw, reed, saw dust modified with Fe compounds, humic substances and also sand modified with Fe compounds was used for comparison. Characterisation of sorbents was done using the Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area measurements as well as analysis of moisture content, organic substances content, point of zero charge and Fe2O3. Metalloid (As(III), As(V), As(org.), Sb(III), Sb(V), Te(IV) and Te(VI)) sorption onto synthesized sorbents were investigated. A concentration of metalloid before and after sorption was analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Influence of different physicochemical parameter such as pH, ionic strength, competing ions, and temperature as well as sorption kinetics on metalloid sorption was investigated. Obtained results indicate that modification of materials with Fe compounds significantly enhance the sorption capacity of the sorbents used for sorption of arsenic, antimony and tellurium. Peat modified with iron compounds is the best sorbent applicable for removal of metalloids (As, Sb, Te) whereas moss modified with iron compounds and saw dust modified with iron compounds are sorbents that also can effectively sorb all studied metalloids. The sorption ability of studied sorbents sorbing As(V) and Sb is affected by pH of a solution. Competing ions as well as HA affect sorption of metalloids on peat modified with iron compounds. Calculated thermodynamic parameters suggest that the sorption process of metalloids onto peat modified with iron compounds is of a spontaneous nature and it is an endothermic reaction. Moreover, it indicates more efficient sorption at a higher temperature. Sorption of metalloids on peat modified with iron compounds mainly occurs relying on mechanisms of physical sorption processes.

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    Authors: Gržibovskis, Raitis;

    Darbā veikta organisko materiālu enerģijas līmeņu noteikšana ar fotoelektronu emisijas iznākuma spektroskopijas metodi. Metode ir pielietota tīru materiālu plāno kārtiņu jonizācijas enerģijas mērījumiem, elektrods- organiskā viela robežvirsmas un tās ietekmes uz enerģijas līmeņu vērtībām pētījumiem, kā arī organiskā viela- organiskā viela robežvirsmas pētījumos gan klasiskās slāņainās sistēmās, gan tilpumā sajauktu vielu gadījumā. Ir secināts par metodes priekšrocībām un trūkumiem, salīdzinot ar ultravioleto fotoelektronu spektroskopiju. Dažādiem materiāliem veikti virsmas potenciāla mērījumi ar skenējošo Kelvina zondi. Iegūtie rezultāti parāda virsmas potenciāla atkarību no elektroda izejas darba, kā arī parauga un pašas vielas īpašībām. Atslēgvārdi: organiskie materiāli, enerģijas līmeņi, robežvirsmas, fotoelektronu emisija, Kelvina zonde In this work energy level study of organic materials using photoelectron yield spectroscopy was done. Method was used for energy level measurements of pure materials thin films, in the studies of electrode- organic material interface and its influence on energy level values, and in the studies of organic material- organic material interface in planar and bulk heterojunction systems. Conclusions about advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed, comparing it to the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface potential measurements for various materials were done using scanning Kelvin probe. The obtained results show surface potential dependence on electrode work function, as well as the properties of the sample and material itself. Keywords: organic materials, energy levels, interfaces, photoelectron emission, Kelvin probe

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    Authors: Aleksejeva, Inese;

    Goal of Inese Aleksejeva’s doctoral thesis „Latvian consumers’ attitude towards use of genetically modified organisms” is to assess Latvian consumers’ attitude towards use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food and other industries, to identify main factors influencing Latvian consumers’ attitude towards GMO and to provide the proposals for the most appropriate form of marketing communication with consumers on GMO issues. In the frame of the thesis an analysis of consumers’ attitude towards GMO in other countries was made and an assessment of the formation of the consumers’ opinion and of the factors influencing it was provided; a comparative analysis of attitude towards GMO between Latvian and other countries’ consumers was carried out; perspevtives of GMO development were assessed and the potential benefits and risks that may result from the use of GMO were evaluated. In the first chapter of the thesis the author analyzed GMO development perspectives, studied the history and use of GMO in food, feed, agriculture and other industries, assessed the possible risks and benefits of GMO to human and animal health, and the environment, provided an analysis of the socio-economic risks and benefits as well as performed an analysis of the EU and Latvian normative acts in the field of GMO. In the second chapter the author focused on the theory of consumers’ attitude and analyzed most popular consumers’ attitude assessment models; evaluated in-depth consumers’ attitude towards use of GMO in food, feed and other industries, identified the key factors affecting consumers’attitude as well as analyzed the role of marketing communications in shaping of consumers’ attitude towards GMO. In the third chapter the author analyzed the empirical results of the surveys carried out among the EU experts and Latvian consumers in terms of attitude towards use of GMO as well as developed consumers’ attitude towards GMO model and provided the proposals for information communication with consumers on GMO issues. The dissertation contains 200 pages, illustrated with 25 images and 29 tables. The bibliography includes 358 literary sources, 7 appendices added. Keywords: benefits, consumers’ attitude, consumers influencing factors, genetically modified organism, marketing communications, risks. Ineses Aleksejevas promocijas darba „Latvijas patērētāju attieksme pret ģenētiski modificētiem organismiem” mērķis ir izvērtēt Latvijas patērētāju attieksmi pret ģenētiski modificēto organismu (ĢMO) izmantošanu pārtikā un citās tautsaimniecības nozarēs, identificēt galvenos Latvijas patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO veidojošos faktorus un sniegt priekšlikumus par piemērotāko mārketinga komunikācijas veidu ar patērētājiem par ĢMO jomas jautājumiem. Promocijas darbā tika veikta analīze arī par citu valstu patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO, par to, kā veidojas šī attieksme un kādi faktori to ietekmē, veikta salīdzinošā analīze par Latvijas un citu pasaules valstu patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO, izvērtētas ĢMO attīstības perspektīvas, kā arī iespējamie ĢMO izmantošanas ieguvumi un iespējamie riski, Promocijas darba pirmajā nodaļā autore pievērsusies padziļinātai ĢMO attīstības perspektīvu analīzei, izpētījusi ĢMO attīstības vēsturi un izmantošanu pārtikā, dzīvnieku barībā, lauksaimniecībā un citās tautsaimniecības nozarēs, izvērtējusi ĢMO iespējamos riskus un ieguvumus cilvēku un dzīvnieku veselībai un videi, sniegusi analīzi par sociālekonomiskajiem riskiem un ieguvumiem, kā arī analizējusi ĢMO apriti regulējošos ES un Latvijas normatīvos aktus. Otrajā nodaļā autore analizējusi patērētāju attieksmi un tās vērtēšanas modeļus, sīkāk pētījusi patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO izmantošanu pārtikā, dzīvnieku barībā un citās tautsaimniecības nozarēs, identificējusi galvenos faktorus, kas ietekmē šo attieksmi, kā arī analizējusi mārketinga komunikāciju lomu patērētāju attieksmes pret ĢMO veidošanā. Trešajā nodaļā autore devusi ES ekspertu un Latvijas patērētāju attieksmes pret ĢMO aptaujas empīrisko rezultātu analīzi, izstrādājusi patērētāju attieksmes pret ĢMO modeli un priekšlikumus informācijas komunikācijai šajā jautājumā. Promocijas darba saturs izklāstīts uz 200 lapaspusēm, ilustrēts ar 25 attēliem un 29 tabulām. Literatūras sarakstā iekļauts 358 literatūras avots. Darbam pievienoti 7 pielikumi. Atslēgvārdi: ģenētiski modificēts organisms, ieguvumi, patērētāju attieksme, patērētāju attieksmi ietekmējošie faktori, mārketinga komunikācijas, riski.  Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus

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    Authors: Studente, Aija;

    Promocijas darba mērķis ir pētīt vispārizglītojošā internātpamatskolā dzīvojošo pusaudžu dzīvesdarbības prasmes un izstrādāt teorētiski pamatotu pedagoģiskās darbības modeli dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguvei, to eksperimentāli pārbaudīt. Pētījuma aktualitāti nosaka fakts, ka internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskais process nav pētīts, internātskolu praksē nav konsekventas izpratnes par to, kā dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguvi savienot ar mācību un audzināšanas procesu, kā arī teorētiski pamatotu un empīriski pārbaudītu dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguves kritēriju un rādītāju nepieciešamība skolu (internātpamatskolu) pedagoģijas teorijā un praksē. Promocijas darbā autore analizē darbības, dzīvesdarbības būtību un konkretizē jēdzienu dzīvesdarbības prasmes. Uz zinātniskās literatūras analīzes pamata atklāta dzīvesdarbības prasmju veidošanās darbībā, tās objektīvie un subjektīvie komponenti, pamatojot dzīvesdarbības prasmju nepieciešamību internātpamatskolā, kas nosaka tālāko skolēnu sekmīgu dzīvesdarbību. Definēti subjektīvie sekmīgu dzīvesdarbību veicinošie faktori: motivētība, mērķtiecība, patstāvība, pašattīstība. Promocijas darbā atklāti pedagoģiskie nosacījumi pusaudžu dzīvesdarbības prasmju sekmīgai attīstībai vispārizglītojošas internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskajā procesā. Pētījuma gaitā izstrādāta un empīriski pārbaudīta dzīvesdarbības prasmju veidošanās procesuālā struktūra, dzīvesdarbības prasmju kritēriji un rādītāji. Izveidots teorētiski pamatots dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguves modelis pusaudžiem, noteikti tā nozīmīgākie struktūrkomponenti, akcentējot ģimeniskuma un sadarbības nozīmi. Empīriskā pētījuma rezultāti apstiprina aizvirzīto hipotēzi par dzīvesdarbības prasmju apguvi internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskajā procesā. Pētījuma bāzi veido Balvu novada Tilžas internātpamatskolas, Liepājas novada Vaiņodes internātpamatskolas, Alūksnes novada Liepnas internātpamatskolas un Jēkabpils novada Biržu internātpamatskolas 140 skolēni un 69 skolotāji. Promocijas darbu veido divas daļas, nobeigums, literatūras saraksts un pielikumi. Darba pamatteksts izklāstīts uz 156 lappusēm, to ilustrē 36 attēli, 9 tabulas. Literatūras un avotu sarakstā iekļauti 307 izdevumu nosaukumi latviešu, krievu, angļu un vācu valodās. Pievienots 21 pielikums. Atslēgvārdi: darbība, dzīvesdarbība, prasmes, dzīvesdarbības prasmes, internātpamatskolas pedagoģiskais process. The goal of the PhD dissertation is to study the lifeskills of adolescents living in a general boarding elementary school and to develop theoretically based pedagogical operating model for acquisition of lifeskills, and to examine it experimentally. Topicality of the research has been determined by the fact that the pedagogical process of the boarding elementary school has not been researched yet; there is no consequent understanding, how to relate acquisition of lifeskills with learning and upbringing process, as well as the necessity of theoretically based and empirically examined criteria and indicators of lifeskills’ acquisition in the pedagogical theory and practice of schools (boarding elementary schools). The author of the PhD dissertation analyses nature of activity, lifeskills activity and specifies the notion of lifeskills. Building of lifeskills in actions, its objective and subjective components are discovered on the basis of scientific literature analysis by justifying the necessity of lifeskills at boarding elementary school, which determines further successful life activities of pupils. The following subjective contributing factors of lifeskills have been defined: motivatedness, purposefulness, self-independence, self-development. In the PhD dissertation pedagogical conditions for successful development of adolescents’ lifeskills in the pedagogical process of general boarding elementary school are discovered. During the research period the procedural structure of lifeskills’ building has been developed and empirically examined, as well as criteria and indicators of lifeskills. Theoretically-based model for acquisition of lifeskills for adolescents has been created; the most significant structural components emphasizing importance of family and cooperation has been determined. Results of empirical research approve the stated hypothesis about acquisition of lifeskills in the pedagogical process of boarding elementary school. Research base consists of 140 pupils and 69 teachers of Balvi Municipality Tilža Boarding Elementary School, Alūksne Municipality Liepna Boarding Elementary School and Jēkabpils Municipality Biržu Boarding Elementary School.

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    Authors: Petrovska, Kristīne;

    In the first chapter of the dissertation the essence un interpretations of the systemic risk is explored, identification and analysis of factors that contribute to the systemic risk is done, including, distinguishing system agents and their interests that facilitate the increase in systemic risk level. The role of the systemic risk in contributing to the financial crisis is also explored, as well as the costs and benefits of the regulatory framework of the systemic risk are analysed. In the second chapter of the dissertation various systemic risk evaluation models and their disadvantages are examined, including on accounting data based models, on market data based models, network models, combined models. The second chapter ends with the rationale for the evaluation model of the indirect interconnectedness aspect of the systemic risk that is applicable to banking sectors in the Baltic countries. Whereas, in the third chapter of the dissertation the development and specifics of the Baltic banking systems are investigated, the methodological aspects of the model are set, and results are presented. As well as robustness checks are performed using alternative methods to analyse systemic risk. Keywords: systemic risk, indirect interconnectedness, banking system Promocijas darba pirmajā daļā tiek izpētīta sistēmiskā riska būtība un interpretācijas, tiek veikta sistēmiskā riska veicinošo faktoru identificēšana un analīze. Tiek arī noteikta sistēmiskā riska loma finanšu krīzes veicināšanā, kā arī analizēti sistēmiskā riska pārvaldīšanas regulatīvā ietvara ieguvumi un trūkumi. Promocijas darba otrajā daļā tiek pētīti dažādi sistēmiskā riska novērtēšanas modeļi un to trūkumi, un tiek veikts Baltijas banku nozares sistēmiskā riska aspekta – netiešās savstarpējās saiknes – novērtēšanas modeļa izstrādes pamatojums. Promocijas darba trešajā daļā tiek izpētīta Baltijas valstu banku sistēmu attīstība un specifika, tiek noteikti modeļa metodoloģiskie aspekti un sniegti modeļa rezultāti, kā arī veikts kritisks modeļa rezultātu novērtējums, izmantojot alternatīvas sistēmiskā riska analīzes metodes. No modeļa rezultātiem tiek secināts, ka Latvijas banku nozarē starp bankām pastāv visciešākā sasaiste. Atslēgvārdi: sistēmiskais risks, netiešās savstarpējās saiknes, banku sistēma.

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    Authors: Paparde, Artūrs;

    Blood flow in the microcirc ulation plays an important role. However, grate influence on tissue functional state have the type, the gain and the depth of hypoxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of acute systemic continuous and intermittent normobaric hypoxia on skin microcirculatory bed and local regulatory mechanisms. In study participated 65 young healthy both gender respondents. In acute systemic hypoxia systemic and regional hemodynamic parameters increased, while decrease was observed in endothelium dependent vasodilation and serum cytokine concentrations. The acute systemic continuous and intermittent normobaric hypoxia causes different effects on skin microcirculatory bed vasomotor reactions, which mainly could be explained by systemic haemodynamic and local regulatory mechanism change on local hemodynamic patterns. Asins plūsmai mikrocirkulācijas līmenī hipoksijas apstākļos ir svarīga loma, tomēr hipoksijas efekts ir atkarīgs no hipoksijas veida, dziļuma un ilguma. Darba mērķis bija novērtēt akūtas sistēmiskas nepārtrauktas un epizodiskas normobāriskas hipoksijas ietekmi uz ādas mikrocirkulācijas gultni un vietējām adaptācijas reakcijām. Pētījumā piedalījās 65 jauni, veseli, abu dzimumu respondenti. Akūtas hipoksijas ietekmē palielinājās sistēmiskie un reģionālie hemodinamikas parametri, savukārt samazinājās endotēlija atkarīgā vazodilatācija un seruma citokīnu koncentrācijas. Akūta sistēmiska nepārtraukta un epizodiska normobāriska hipoksija izraisa atšķirīgas ādas mikrocirkulācijas gultnes vazomotorās reakcijas, kuras realizējas ar sistēmiskās hemodinamikas iz maiņām un dažādu lokālo regulācijas mehānismu ietekmi uz lokālo hemodinamiku.

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    Authors: Zubkins, Mārtiņš;

    Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are widely used in optoelectronics. AZO is considered as an alternative to the expensive ITO. There is still a lack of understanding how the deposition conditions affect films properties. It is also necessary to produce a high quality p-type TCO. In this study, the n-type AZO and the p-type Zn-Ir-O films have been deposited by magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by XRF, XRD, XAS, SEM, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, Hall effect, thermoelectric measurements and visible light transmittance. The study demonstrates the rapid change in aluminium concentration at low oxygen flow. The electrical activation of Al impurities and the structure of the films changes depending on the oxygen flow used in the reactive process. ZnO doping with Ir results in degradation of the nano-crystalline structure. Ir ion charge state transition, a new vibration band and the transition from the n-type to p-type conductivity can be observed. Caurspīdīgās un elektrovadošās oksīdu (TCO) kārtiņas tiek izmantotas opto-elektronikā. AZO tiek uzskatīts par alternatīvu dārgajam ITO. Joprojām nav pilnībā izprasta izgatavošanas parametru ietekme uz AZO kārtiņu īpašībām. Ir nepieciešams izgatavot arī kvalitatīvu p-tipa TCO. Šajā darbā ir izgatavotas n-tipa AZO un p-tipa Zn-Ir-O kārtiņas ar magnetrono izputināšanu. Kārtiņas tika raksturotas ar XRF, XRD, XAS, SEM, Ramana un FTIR spektroskopiju, Holla efektu, termoelektriskajiem mērījumiem un redzamās gaismas caurlaidību. Darbā ir nodemonstrēta strauja alumīnija koncentrācijas izmaiņa pie zemas skābekļa plūsmas. Al piemaisījumu elektriskā aktivācija un kārtiņas struktūra mainās atkarībā no izmantotās skābekļa plūsmas vērtības. ZnO pievienojot Ir, norit kristāliskās struktūras degradācija. Ir novērojama Ir jona lādiņa izmaiņa un jauna svārstību josla, kas ir attiecināma uz peroksīda jonu svārstībām. Tika novērota pāreja no n-tipa uz p-tipa vadītspēju.

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    Authors: Rollis, Ivo;

    The doctoral thesis aims to evaluate and compare successes and risks of the Europeanization of executive coordination mechanisms of Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia before and after accession to the European Union in the period from 1995 to 2019 and to make recommendations to the Central and Eastern European EU Member States and the candidate countries of the Western Balkans. The thesis's theoretical model foresees that increased Europeanization’s impact on the executive stimulates the development of a more functionally and institutionally structured national EU policy coordination mechanism. The author concludes that governance reforms are long-lasting if systematically sustainable coordination mechanisms facilitate their implementation. As the EU's functional pressure decreases during EU membership, national-level factors acquire an essential impact on coordination mechanisms, while national EU affairs coordination experiences decentralisation. Keywords: Europeanization, institutional system, coordination mechanisms, national EU policy. Promocijas darba mērķis ir izvērtēt un salīdzināt Igaunijas, Latvijas un Slovēnijas izpildvaras koordinācijas mehānismu eiropeizācijas panākumus un riskus pirms un pēc iestāšanās ES laika periodā no 1995. - 2019. gadam. Darba teorētiskais modelis paredz, ka, pieaugot eiropeizācijas ietekmei uz izpildvaru, nacionālās ES politikas koordinācijas mehānisms kļūst funkcionāli un institucionāli strukturētāks. Autors secina, ka pārvaldības reformas ir ilgtspējīgākas, ja to īstenošanu nodrošina sistēmiski noturīgs koordinācijas mehānisms. Mazinoties ES funkcionālajam spiedienam dalības ES posmā, nozīmīgāku ietekmi uz koordinācijas mehānismiem iegūst nacionālā līmeņa faktori, savukārt ES jautājumu koordinācijā novērojama decentralizācija. Atslēgvārdi: eiropeizācija, institucionālā sistēma, koordinācijas mehānismi, nacionālā ES politika.

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    Authors: Onževs, Māris;

    In the Dissertation “Legal aspects of temporal scope of legal norms in the state of law” the author researches, in which situations the legislator is lawfully entitled to pass legal norms with impact on past legal relationship. The affecting of established legal relationship shall be evaluated basing on the principle of protection of legitimate expectations. For recognition of violence of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations, the possible retroactivity of the legal framework shall be stated first. In contradistinction to the penal law, where the retroactivity is illegitimate per se, in other legal disciplines, the recognition of the retroactivity shall be followed by evaluation of the possibility to protect the public interest with less interference into the established legal relationship. Whereas in other situations, when the retroactivity has not affected the legal relationship, the eventual violence of the retroactivity shall be recognized basing on the methodology of evaluation of the principle of proportionality that is adjusted for evaluation of the legal norms in the aspect of time. Promocijas darbā „Tiesību normu laika aspekti tiesiskā un demokrātiskā valstī” ir izpētīts, kuros gadījumos likumdevējs ir tiesīgs pieņemt tiesību normas ar iedarbību uz pagātnē izveidotām tiesiskajām attiecībām. Izveidotu tiesisko attiecību ietekmēšana ir izvērtējama, balstoties uz tiesiskās paļāvības principu. Lai noskaidrotu, vai tiesiskās paļāvības princips ir aizskarts, ir jākonstatē, vai tiesību normām ir atpakaļejošs spēks laikā. Atšķirībā no sodu tiesībām, kur atpakaļejošs spēka identificēšana per se padara tiesību normas par prettiesiskām, citās tiesību nozarēs pēc atpakaļejoša spēka konstatēšanas vēl būtu jāizvērtē, vai sabiedrības interešu aizsardzība nav iespējama ar mazāku iejaukšanos izveidotās tiesiskajās attiecībās. Savukārt pārējos gadījumos, kad izveidotas tiesiskās attiecības nav ietekmētas ar atpakaļejošu spēku, eventuālā tiesiskās paļāvības aizskaršana būtu nosakāma, balstoties uz samērīguma izvērtēšanas metodoloģiju, kas pielāgota tiesību normu analīzei no laika aspekta.

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    Authors: Gončars, Valdis;

    Early stages knee and hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) treatment results with red bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) intraarticular injection was evaluated. The clinical effects on knee OA symptoms and tissue structure changes were observed. The group of 32 patients of knee and 27 hip joints OA were analysed. The clinical results and structural changes were evaluated. No adverse effects after the BM-MNC injection were observed. At the end of the follow up all score results had improved. Decrease of bone marrow oedema and cartilage degenerative changes on magnetic resonance images was observed. Comparing score results to the control group a statistically significant superiority in pain reducing of BM-MNC group was observed. Conclusions: The single dose bone marrow derived mononuclear cell injection is a save procedure which reduces clinical signs of the knee and hip osteoarthritis of stage II- III and in some cases decreases degenerative changes in the joint building tissues over 12 months period. Tika pētīta ceļa un gūžas locītavas osteoartrīta (OA) agrīno stadiju ārstēšana ar sarkano kaula smadzeņu mononukleārām šūnām (KS-MNŠ). Pēc to intraartikulāras injekcijas tika vērtētas OA simptomu un locītavas audu struktūru izmaiņas 32 pacientu grupai ar ceļa un 27 pacientu grupai ar gūžas OA. Klīniskie rezultāti un strukturālās izmaiņas tika izvērtēti 12 mēnešu periodā. Netika novērotas nevēlamas blakusparādības. Tika konstatēts pacientu klīniskā stāvokļa uzlabojums. Salīdzinot ar kontroles grupu, bija vērojams statistiski nozīmīgs pārsvars sāpju mazināšanā KS-MNŠ grupas pacientiem. Magnētiskās rezonanses izmeklējumos tika novērots uzlabojums mazinot kaula smadzeņu tūsku un locītavas skrimšļa deģeneratīvās izmaiņas Secinājumi: vienreizēja (KS-MNŠ) injekcija ir droša ārstēšanas metode, kas mazina ceļa un gūžas locītavas II-III stadijas osteoartrīta klīniskos simptomus un daļā gadījumu deģeneratīvās izmaiņas locītavu veidojošajos audos 12 mēnešu periodā.

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    Authors: Ansone-Bērtiņa, Linda;

    Promocijas darbā veikta augstas pievienotās vērtības sorbentu izstrāde, izmantojot vienu no Latvijas nozīmīgākajiem vietējiem derīgajiem izrakteņiem, un pētītas to izmantošanas iespējas. Promocijas darbā sintezēti sorbenti, kuru pamatā ir biomateriāli, kas modificēti ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Izvērtētas kūdras kā sorbenta izmantošanas iespējas, kā arī pētītas kūdras modificēšanas metodes un to ietekme uz sorbcijas kapacitāti. Bez kūdras izmantoti arī tādi materiāli kā sūnas, skaidas, salmi, niedres, humīnskābes un salīdzinājumam arī smiltis, kas arī modificēti ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Sintezētie sorbenti raksturoti, izmantojot skenējošo elektronmikroskopiju (SEM), Furjē tanformācijas infrasarkanos spektrus (FT-IS), kā arī noteikts to īpatnējās virsmas laukums, mitruma, organisko vielu un Fe2O3 saturs, elementsastāvs, un nulles lādiņa punkts. Pētīta metaloīdu (As(III), As(V), As(org.), Sb(III), Sb(V), Te(IV) un Te(VI)) sorbcija uz sintezētajiem sorbentiem. Metaloīdu koncentrācijas pirms un pēc sorbcijas noteiktas, izmantojot atomu absorbcijas spektrometriju vai induktīvi saistītās plazmas masspektrometriju. Pētīta arī metaloīdu sorbcija atkarībā no dažādu fizikālķīmisko parametru – pH, jonu spēka, traucējošo jonu, temperatūras ietekmes, kā arī sorbcijas kinētika. Iegūtie rezultāti liecina, ka metaloīdu sorbcija uz neapstrādātas kūdras praktiski nenotiek taču pētījumā sintezētie sorbenti uz kūdras bāzes ir izmantojami As, Sb un Te savienojumu saistīšanai, jo materiālu modificēšana ar dzelzs savienojumiem būtiski palielina sorbentu sorbcijas kapacitāti. Metaloīdu saistīšanai visefektīvākais sorbents ir ar dzelzs savienojumiem modificēta kūdra, taču efektīvi izmantojami ir arī ar dzelzs savienojumiem modificētas sūnas un ar dzelzs savienojumiem modificētas skaidas. Šķīduma pH būtiski ietekmē As(V) un Sb sorbciju uz biomateriālu sorbentiem, kas modificēti ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Citu jonu, kā arī humīnskābju klātbūtne ietekmē metaloīdu sorbciju uz kūdras sorbenta, kas modificēts ar dzelzs savienojumiem. Termodinamiskie parametri norāda, ka metaloīdu sorbcija uz kūdras, kas modificēta ar dzelzs savienojumiem, ir spontāna un endotermiska, un process ir enerģētiski izdevīgāks augstākās temperatūrās. Metaloīdu saistīšanās pie kūdras, kas modificēta ar dzelzs savienojumiem, galvenokārt notiek saskaņā ar fizikālās sorbcijas mehānismu. In the PhD thesis the development of high value-added sorbent has been performed using peat, one of the most significant mineral resources in Latvia. In the PhD thesis synthesis of biomaterial based sorbents that is modified with iron compounds has performed. Moreover, potential use of application of peat has been investigated. Moss modified with iron compounds, as well as straw, reed, saw dust modified with Fe compounds, humic substances and also sand modified with Fe compounds was used for comparison. Characterisation of sorbents was done using the Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area measurements as well as analysis of moisture content, organic substances content, point of zero charge and Fe2O3. Metalloid (As(III), As(V), As(org.), Sb(III), Sb(V), Te(IV) and Te(VI)) sorption onto synthesized sorbents were investigated. A concentration of metalloid before and after sorption was analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Influence of different physicochemical parameter such as pH, ionic strength, competing ions, and temperature as well as sorption kinetics on metalloid sorption was investigated. Obtained results indicate that modification of materials with Fe compounds significantly enhance the sorption capacity of the sorbents used for sorption of arsenic, antimony and tellurium. Peat modified with iron compounds is the best sorbent applicable for removal of metalloids (As, Sb, Te) whereas moss modified with iron compounds and saw dust modified with iron compounds are sorbents that also can effectively sorb all studied metalloids. The sorption ability of studied sorbents sorbing As(V) and Sb is affected by pH of a solution. Competing ions as well as HA affect sorption of metalloids on peat modified with iron compounds. Calculated thermodynamic parameters suggest that the sorption process of metalloids onto peat modified with iron compounds is of a spontaneous nature and it is an endothermic reaction. Moreover, it indicates more efficient sorption at a higher temperature. Sorption of metalloids on peat modified with iron compounds mainly occurs relying on mechanisms of physical sorption processes.

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    Authors: Gržibovskis, Raitis;

    Darbā veikta organisko materiālu enerģijas līmeņu noteikšana ar fotoelektronu emisijas iznākuma spektroskopijas metodi. Metode ir pielietota tīru materiālu plāno kārtiņu jonizācijas enerģijas mērījumiem, elektrods- organiskā viela robežvirsmas un tās ietekmes uz enerģijas līmeņu vērtībām pētījumiem, kā arī organiskā viela- organiskā viela robežvirsmas pētījumos gan klasiskās slāņainās sistēmās, gan tilpumā sajauktu vielu gadījumā. Ir secināts par metodes priekšrocībām un trūkumiem, salīdzinot ar ultravioleto fotoelektronu spektroskopiju. Dažādiem materiāliem veikti virsmas potenciāla mērījumi ar skenējošo Kelvina zondi. Iegūtie rezultāti parāda virsmas potenciāla atkarību no elektroda izejas darba, kā arī parauga un pašas vielas īpašībām. Atslēgvārdi: organiskie materiāli, enerģijas līmeņi, robežvirsmas, fotoelektronu emisija, Kelvina zonde In this work energy level study of organic materials using photoelectron yield spectroscopy was done. Method was used for energy level measurements of pure materials thin films, in the studies of electrode- organic material interface and its influence on energy level values, and in the studies of organic material- organic material interface in planar and bulk heterojunction systems. Conclusions about advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed, comparing it to the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface potential measurements for various materials were done using scanning Kelvin probe. The obtained results show surface potential dependence on electrode work function, as well as the properties of the sample and material itself. Keywords: organic materials, energy levels, interfaces, photoelectron emission, Kelvin probe

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    Authors: Aleksejeva, Inese;

    Goal of Inese Aleksejeva’s doctoral thesis „Latvian consumers’ attitude towards use of genetically modified organisms” is to assess Latvian consumers’ attitude towards use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food and other industries, to identify main factors influencing Latvian consumers’ attitude towards GMO and to provide the proposals for the most appropriate form of marketing communication with consumers on GMO issues. In the frame of the thesis an analysis of consumers’ attitude towards GMO in other countries was made and an assessment of the formation of the consumers’ opinion and of the factors influencing it was provided; a comparative analysis of attitude towards GMO between Latvian and other countries’ consumers was carried out; perspevtives of GMO development were assessed and the potential benefits and risks that may result from the use of GMO were evaluated. In the first chapter of the thesis the author analyzed GMO development perspectives, studied the history and use of GMO in food, feed, agriculture and other industries, assessed the possible risks and benefits of GMO to human and animal health, and the environment, provided an analysis of the socio-economic risks and benefits as well as performed an analysis of the EU and Latvian normative acts in the field of GMO. In the second chapter the author focused on the theory of consumers’ attitude and analyzed most popular consumers’ attitude assessment models; evaluated in-depth consumers’ attitude towards use of GMO in food, feed and other industries, identified the key factors affecting consumers’attitude as well as analyzed the role of marketing communications in shaping of consumers’ attitude towards GMO. In the third chapter the author analyzed the empirical results of the surveys carried out among the EU experts and Latvian consumers in terms of attitude towards use of GMO as well as developed consumers’ attitude towards GMO model and provided the proposals for information communication with consumers on GMO issues. The dissertation contains 200 pages, illustrated with 25 images and 29 tables. The bibliography includes 358 literary sources, 7 appendices added. Keywords: benefits, consumers’ attitude, consumers influencing factors, genetically modified organism, marketing communications, risks. Ineses Aleksejevas promocijas darba „Latvijas patērētāju attieksme pret ģenētiski modificētiem organismiem” mērķis ir izvērtēt Latvijas patērētāju attieksmi pret ģenētiski modificēto organismu (ĢMO) izmantošanu pārtikā un citās tautsaimniecības nozarēs, identificēt galvenos Latvijas patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO veidojošos faktorus un sniegt priekšlikumus par piemērotāko mārketinga komunikācijas veidu ar patērētājiem par ĢMO jomas jautājumiem. Promocijas darbā tika veikta analīze arī par citu valstu patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO, par to, kā veidojas šī attieksme un kādi faktori to ietekmē, veikta salīdzinošā analīze par Latvijas un citu pasaules valstu patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO, izvērtētas ĢMO attīstības perspektīvas, kā arī iespējamie ĢMO izmantošanas ieguvumi un iespējamie riski, Promocijas darba pirmajā nodaļā autore pievērsusies padziļinātai ĢMO attīstības perspektīvu analīzei, izpētījusi ĢMO attīstības vēsturi un izmantošanu pārtikā, dzīvnieku barībā, lauksaimniecībā un citās tautsaimniecības nozarēs, izvērtējusi ĢMO iespējamos riskus un ieguvumus cilvēku un dzīvnieku veselībai un videi, sniegusi analīzi par sociālekonomiskajiem riskiem un ieguvumiem, kā arī analizējusi ĢMO apriti regulējošos ES un Latvijas normatīvos aktus. Otrajā nodaļā autore analizējusi patērētāju attieksmi un tās vērtēšanas modeļus, sīkāk pētījusi patērētāju attieksmi pret ĢMO izmantošanu pārtikā, dzīvnieku barībā un citās tautsaimniecības nozarēs, identificējusi galvenos faktorus, kas ietekmē šo attieksmi, kā arī analizējusi mārketinga komunikāciju lomu patērētāju attieksmes pret ĢMO veidošanā. Trešajā nodaļā autore devusi ES ekspertu un Latvijas patērētāju attieksmes pret ĢMO aptaujas empīrisko rezultātu analīzi, izstrādājusi patērētāju attieksmes pret ĢMO modeli un priekšlikumus informācijas komunikācijai šajā jautājumā. Promocijas darba saturs izklāstīts uz 200 lapaspusēm, ilustrēts ar 25 attēliem un 29 tabulām. Literatūras sarakstā iekļauts 358 literatūras avots. Darbam pievienoti 7 pielikumi. Atslēgvārdi: ģenētiski modificēts organisms, ieguvumi, patērētāju attieksme, patērētāju attieksmi ietekmējošie faktori, mārketinga komunikācijas, riski.  Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus

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