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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Durgut, Kadir; Dereli, Yüksel; Orhan, Atilla; Işık, Mehmet; +2 Authors

    Upper extremities of peripheral arterial aneurysym is very common when compared to lower extremities. Most commonly effected arteries are subclavian, axillar, and brachial arteries, but rarely radial and ulnar arteries can also be effected. The cause of subclavian arterial aneurysyms is most commonly due to poststenotic dilatation and atherosclerosis. In advance cases, trombosis and distant embolisation can be growth in aneurysym pouch. In the present study, subclavian aterial aneurysym rarely occures as a source of distal embolisation. Therefore, we decided to publish this case. (Turkish J Vase Sur 2008;17(l):39-42). Üst ekstremite periferik arter anevrizmaları alt ekstremiteye oranla daha az görülür. En sık etkilenen arterler subklavyan, aksiller ve brakiyal arter; daha nadiren de radiyal ve ulnar arterlerdir. Subklavyan arter anevrizmaları en sık poststenotik dilatasyon ve ateroskleroza bağlıdır. İlerlemiş vakalarda anevrizma kesesi içinde tromboz ve uzak embolizasyon gelişebilir. Bu çalışmada rekürren distal embolizasyon kaynağı olan bir subklavyan arter anevrizması vakasını nadir görüldüğü için yayınlamayı uygun bulduk. (Damar Cer Der 2008; 17(l):39-42).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Selcuk University In...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Kaya, Yalçin; Karayücel, Sedat; Karayücel, İsmihan;

    Total of 3500 mussels with an average length of 57.42±1.09mm and an average weight of 17.83±1.33g were collected from mooring ropes of AKBALIK trout farm in Sinop area and stored dry by covering with fabric, wet by covering with fabric (water-sprayed), dry without fabric, and wet without fabric at room temperature (24,5±1°C) and cold room (3±1°C). The experiment was started 19th of July and the mussels were checked to remove dead mussels and counted every twenty-four hours. Mortality rate was higher in the first two days than the last five days of the experiment in cold room stored mussels. On the other hand the mortality rate was lower in the first two days than the last two days of the experiment in room temperature stored mussels. As a result the mortality rate was found to be higher in room temperature stored mussels than in cold room stored mussels. Sinop bölgesinde AKBALIK AŞ'ne ait alabalık çiftliğinin çapa halatlarından toplanan ortalama boyu 57.421.09mmVe ağırlığı 17.831.33g olan 3500 adet midye oda sıcaklığında (24,5 l C) ve soğuk hava deposunda (31 C) üstü bezle kapalı kuru, üstü kapalı ıslak (su püskürtülmüş), üstü açık kuru ve üstü açık ıslak olarak muhafaza edilmiştir. Araştırmaya 19 Temmuzda 1997'de başlanmış ve her 24 saatte bir midyeler kontrol edilerek ölü olanlar ayıklanmış ve sayımlar yapılmıştır. Soğuk hava deposunda muhafaza edilen midyelerde araştırmanın ilk iki gününde son beş güne oranla ölüm oranı yüksek bulunmuştur. Oda sıcaklığında muhafaza edilen midyelerde ise ilk iki gündeki ölüm oranı son iki güne (toplam dört gün) göre önemli olarak düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak oda sıcaklığında muhafaza edilen midyelerin ölüm oranları soğuk hava deposunda muhafaza edilenlere oranla yüksek bulunmuştur.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ondokuz Mayıs Univer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Öğüt, Mehmet; Kılıç, Mustafa; Brohı, Abdulreşit;

    Azospirillum, zayıf bir azot fıkse edicisi olan fasulyede (Phaseöhıs vulgaris L.), aşıdaki RhizobiunrAzospiriUnm oranına bağlı olarak, değişik mekanizmaların etkisiyle kum madde miktarını ve nodülasyonu çoğaltmak yoluyla azot fiksasyonunu artırmaktadır. Azospirillum'un bu etkisinin fasulye çeşitlerinden bağımsız olup olmadığı belirlenmemiştir. Bunu belirlemek için, iki faktör (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 ve Rhizobium konsantrasyonları) içeren, genelleştirilmiş tesadüf blokları (fasulye çeşitleri) deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiş 3 tekrarlaman saksı denemesi yürütülmüştür.Rhizobium uygulamaları, sap ağırlığı, kök ağırlığı ve % kök azotunu; Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. sadece sap ağırlığını artırmıştır (p<0.01). Sap ağırlığı, Rhizobium ve Azospirillum yoğunluklarındaki artışla uyumlu olarak artmıştır. Rhizobium yoğunluğu arttıkça, kök ağırlığı artma eğilimindedir. En yüksek kök azot içeriği en düşük Rhizobium yoğunluğunda elde edilmiştir. Genel olarak, bitki büyümesi açısından en iyi fasulye çeşidi Şeker olmuştur. Azospirillum. azot kapsamında herhangi bir değişikliğe neden olmazken, sap ağırlığını artırmıştır. Bu çalışma, daha önceki tezlere ilave olarak, Azospirillum'un fasulyede bitki büyümesine katkılarının, biyolojik olarak fikse edilen azottan ziyade, büyük ölçüde bitki büyümesini direk artıran mekanizmalar yoluyla olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Azospirillum, depending on Azospirillum:Rhizobium cell ratio in inoculant, increases dry matter accumulation and N content by enhancing nitrogen fixation in bean (Phaseohis vulgaris L.). Whether mis effect of Azospirillum is additive with respect to bean cultivar is not determined. To determine this, a pot experiment, designed as a generalized randomized blocks (bean cultivars) with two factors (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 density and Rhizobium density) and three replications was conducted. Rhizobium increased the shoot and root dry-weights, and root nitrogen content (p<0.01). Azospirillum increased shoot weights only (p<0.01). The shoot content increased as both Rhizobium and Azospirillum cell density increased accordingly. As Rhizobium density increased the root dry weight tended to increase. The highest root nitrogen content was obtained at the lowest Rhizobium density. Generally, the best cultivar in terms of plant growth was Şeker. Azospirillum, although did not affect the nitrogen content, increased the shoot dry weight. This study, in addition to the earlier proposals, suggests that Azospirillum's major contribution in bean growth is by direct growth promoting mechanisms rather than biologically fixed nitrogen.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa ...arrow_drop_down
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    Tonta, Yaşar; Madran, Orçun; Holt, İlkay;

    Yaşar Tonta ve Orçun Madran Akademiden Notlar'ın bu bölümünde Açık Lisanslar ile ilgili konuşuyor.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Okumuş, Ahmet; Kaya, Muhammet; Önder, Hasan;

    Bu araştırmada Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Kampusu çevresinde yer alan diploid (Lolium, Peştuca ve, Secale), ile poliploid türlerde (Nicotiana ve Triticum) mayoz kromozomlarının eşlenme şekilleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarında herbir genotipin kendi içinde bivalent tipi yönünden eşlenme varyasyonu göstermesine rağmen, kiazma frekanslannında buna bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Kiazma frekansları telomer etkili hipoteze göre zincir olarak kromozomlarda meydana geldiği istatistiki olarak değerlendirilmiştir(p0.5). In the study, the meiotic chromosome pairing shapes were observed on the diploid (Lolium, Festuca, Secale) and polyploid plants (Nicotiana ve Triticum)growing around the campus of the university of Ondokuz Mayis. As a result of the study, while each genotype shows a variaton in terms of bivalent type, the chiasma frequencies appeared a change due to the chiasma frequency. The chiasma frequencies were utilized as ring bivalent due to the hypothesis of telomer effect of chromosomes (p>0.05).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ondokuz Mayıs Univer...arrow_drop_down
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    Kaymak, H. Çağlar; Ece, Ali;

    Bu çalışmanın amacı Tokat ekolojik koşullarında değişik sebzelerle yapılan karışık dikimlerin biberde {Capsicum anmamı L.) verim ve kaliteye etkisini belirlemektir. 1999 yılında Tokat'ta yürütülen çalışmada 11 sebze türü kullanılmıştır. Denemede biber ana tür olarak belirlenirken. Kabak, Kök kereviz, Hıyar, Iceberg, Soğan, Maydanoz, Lahana, Bakla, Fasulye ve Bezelye yardımcı türler olarak kullanılmıştır. Biberde en yüksek verim biber+bakla (0.506 t/da), biber+kereviz (0,410 t/da) kombinasyonlarında tespit edilmiştir. Yardımcı tür olarak belirlenenler içerisinde en yüksek verim ise kabakta (5,481 t/da), lahanada (4,005 t/da), maydanozda (2.739 t/da) ve fasulyede (2,733 t/da) belirlenmiştir. Denemede istatistiksel incelemeler sadece biberde yapılmış olup yardımcı türlere ait gözlem sonuehıinda yapılmamıştır. Muamelelerin toplam verim üzerine etkileri %5 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of intercropping with different vegetables on yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Tokat ecological conditions. This study was carried out in Tokat 1999.11 different vegetable species were used in this study. Pepper was used main species; squash, celery root, cucumber, iceberg, onion, parsley, cabbage,broad-bean, bean and pea were used for helper species. The highest yield of pepper was obtained irom pepper+bean (0,506 t/da) and pepper+celery (0,410 t/da) combinations. The highest yield of helper species were squash (5.481 t/da). cabbage (4,005 t/da), parsley (2.739 t/da) and bean (2.733 t/da). Statistical analyses were made only on pepper species. Effects of combinations on yield were significant at 5% level.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa ...arrow_drop_down
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    Çoban, Ahmet Yılmaz; Birinci, Asuman; Gün, Mehmet Akif; Ekinci, Bora; +1 Authors

    Tüberkülin testinin pozitifliği, bir kişinin mikobakteriler ile daha önceden enfekte olduğunu ve canlı bakterileri taşıdığını ifade etmekte olup, o andaki aktif hastalığı ya da bağışıklık durumunu belirtmez. BCG aşılamasından sonra ise testin pozitifliği 3-7 yıl devam edebilir. Bu çalışma, Artvin ve yöresindeki ilköğretim okullarında tüberkülin testi pozitifliğini araştırarak çocukların M.tuberculosis enfeksiyonuna duyarlılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla'yapılmıştır. İlköğretim 1-8. sınıflarda okuyan 7-14 yaş arasındaki 2001 kız ve 2209 erkek olmak üzere toplam 4210 çocuğa tüberkülin testi uygulanmış ve sonuçlar yaşa ve skar sayısına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çocukların 3394'ü (%80.6) BCG aşı skarı taşımaktadır. Sonuç olarak, çocukların 284'ünde (%6.7) tüberkülin pozitifliği saptanmış, bu oranın aşılı olanlarda %6.6, aşısız olanlarda %7.5 olduğu ve aralarında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. A positive tuberculin test indicates that an individual has been infected in the past and continues to carry viable mycobacteria. lt does not imply that there is active disease or immunity. After BCG vaccination, a positive test may last for only 3-7 years. The present study was carried out to evaluate the rates of tuberculin test positivities and sensitivities to Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the children educated in primary schools of Artvin province and its suburbs. A total of 4210 children (2001 females and 2209 males) ages between 7-14 years old, introduced with tuberculin test and the results were evaluated according to the ages and scar numbers. Of these children, 3394 (80.6%) were observed to have BCG vaccination scar. As a result, 284 (6.7%) of the children showed tuberculin positivity, and this rate was found to be 6.6% in vaccinated and 7.5% in nonvaccinated subjects which was not statistically significant.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ondokuz Mayıs Univer...arrow_drop_down
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    Cüneyt Özek; Özgür Erdem; Ufuk Bilkay; Serhat Totan; +4 Authors

    The radiovolar area of the forearm constitutes a versatile source of composite tissues for free flap reconstruction for many areas of the body. The skin is thin and relatively hairless, and the vascular pedicle is long and large caliber. The principal disadvantage, that this is a conspicuous donor site, has not been a source of concern for our patients. Between 1993-1999, 10 patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction of the different anatomic regions of the body using the microvascular radial forearm free flap. All free flaps survived completely. Ön kolun radyovolar bölgesi, vücudun birçok bölgesinde serbest flep ile rekontrüksiyon için ideal bir donör sahadır. Bu bölgedeki deri ince ve kılsız olup, flebin pedikülü uzun ve geniş çaplıdır.Bu flebin en önemli dezavantajı oldukça belirgin donör saha skarı olmakla beraber, hiçbir hastamızda bu yönde bir şikayet olmamıştır. Kliniğimizde 1993-1999 tarihleri arasında toplam 10 hastaya, değişik anatomik bölgelerde radyal ön kol serbest flebi ile yumuşak doku rekonstrüksiyonu yapılmıştır. Yapılan bütün flepler tam olarak yaşamıştır.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ege University Insti...arrow_drop_down
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    Esin F. ERKİN;Ali Rıza KANDİLOĞLU;Übeyt İNAN;Peyker TÜRKDOĞAN;Özcan KAYIKÇIOĞLU;Cenap GÜLER;

    AMAÇ: Pterjium etiyolojisinde temelde güneş ışınları suçlanmakla beraber immünolojik ve allerjik etiyolojiden de şüphelenilmektedir. Bu çalışmada immünolojik ve allerjik hastalıklarda dokularda izlenen, ayrıca fibroblast büyüme faktörü kaynağı olan mast hücrelerinin pterjium dokusunda miktarının ve dağılımının araştırılmasını amaçladık. YÖNTEM: 21 pterjium doku örneğindeki mast hücre sayısı, yaşı uyumlu sağlıklı kişilerin konjonktivalarındaki mast hücre sayısıyla karşılaştırıldı. Kesitler mast hücrelerini belirlemek için hematoksilen eozin ve toluidin mavisi ile boyandı. Işık mikroskobu kullanılarak X400 büyütme altında kesitteki mast hücreleri sayıldı. BULGULAR: Ortalama mast hücre sayısı pterjium dokularında 31.33 ± 21.04 iken normal konjonktivalarda 11.10 ± 4.90' di. Aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p = 0.001). SONUÇ: Dokularda mast hücrelerinin artmış olması pterjium gelişiminde bu hücrelerin önemli bir rolü olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. PURPOSE: Although environmental factors, such as ultraviolet irradiation, have been suggested as the main causative factor in the development of pterygium, immunologic and allergic aetiologies have also been suspected. In this study, we aimed to investigate the quantity and distribution of mast cells in pterygium tissues which are observed in tissues in immunologic and allergic diseases, in addition to being a source of fibroblast growth factor. METHOD: The number of mast cells in 21 pterygium tissue specimens were compared with those in the conjunctiva of healthy age-matched subjects. Sections were stained with haematoxyline-eosin and toluidin blue in order to identify mast cells. Mast cells in sections were counted using light microscopy under x400 magnification. RESULTS: While the mean number of mast cells in pterygium tissues was 31.33 ± 21.04 the mean number of mast cells in normal conjunctiva was 11.10 ± 4.90. The difference between groups was significant (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The increase of mast cells in tissues shows that these cells may have an important role in the evolution of pterygium.

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    Coşkun, Murat; Zoroğlu, Süleyman Salih; Öztürk, Mücahit;

    Bipolar bozukluk çocuk, genç ve erişkin hastalarda sıklıkla diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla birlikte bulunmaktadır. Psikiyatrik komorbidite erişkin hastalarda tedaviyi ve hastalığın gidişini etkileyen önemli bir etken olarak bildirilmiş-tir. Pediatrik bipolar bozuklukta psikiyatrik komorbidite istisna olmaktan öte kural olarak kabul edilmektedir ve hastalığın tedavi ve gidişini etkilemesinin yanı sıra tanı aşamasında da önemli zorluklarla yol açabilmektedir. Diğer taraftan mani ya da hipomani belirtilerinin önemli bir kısmı diğer çocukluk çağı psikiyatrik bozukluklarında da sıklıkla bulunmakta, hatta tanı özellikleri arasında yer almaktadır. Yüksek komorbidite oranlarıyla birlikte belirtilerin diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla çakışması pediatrik bipolar bozukluktaki önemli tanısal zorlukların başında gelmek-tedir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında pediatrik bipolar bozuklukla sıklıkla komorbidite gösteren ve/veya ayırıcı tanıda zorluk yaratan psikiyatrik bozuklukların literatur ışığında gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Pubmed pediatric/juvenile bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder children/adolescents, bipolar disorder comorbidity/differential diagnosis, ADHD, disruptive behavior/anxiety/substance use/psychotic disorders, schizophrenia sözcükleri değişik kombinasyonlarda kullanılarak taranmış ve ilişkili makalelerin tam metin ya da özetlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bipolar disorder is frequently found in comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in young and adult subjects. Psychiatric comorbidity has been reported play a significant role in the treatment and course of bipolar disorder in adult subjects. Meanwhile psychiatric comorbidity is a rule, rather than an exception, in pediatric bipolar disorder and has also a great impact on the treatment and course of the illness. Besides that, psychiatric comorbidity remains an important issue and difficulty while making diagnosis of bipolar disorder in young subjects. Meanwhile majority of symptoms of mania or hypomania are frequently encountered and even included among diagnostic characteristics of other childhood psychiatric disorders. Higher comorbidity and symptom overlapping with other psychiatric disorders is a major difficulty in the diagnosis and differentiation of bipolar disorder in young subjects. This review article aims to present and discuss psychiatric comorbidty and differential diagnosis in pediatric bipo-lar disorder in the light of current literature. A literature search was performed in Pubmed using different combina-tions of &#65533;pediatric/juvenile bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder children/adolescents, bipolar disorder comorbidity/ differential diagnosis, ADHD, disruptive behavior/anxiety/substance use/psychotic disorders, schizophrenia&#65533; and fulltext or abstract of relevant articles were reviewed.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Durgut, Kadir; Dereli, Yüksel; Orhan, Atilla; Işık, Mehmet; +2 Authors

    Upper extremities of peripheral arterial aneurysym is very common when compared to lower extremities. Most commonly effected arteries are subclavian, axillar, and brachial arteries, but rarely radial and ulnar arteries can also be effected. The cause of subclavian arterial aneurysyms is most commonly due to poststenotic dilatation and atherosclerosis. In advance cases, trombosis and distant embolisation can be growth in aneurysym pouch. In the present study, subclavian aterial aneurysym rarely occures as a source of distal embolisation. Therefore, we decided to publish this case. (Turkish J Vase Sur 2008;17(l):39-42). Üst ekstremite periferik arter anevrizmaları alt ekstremiteye oranla daha az görülür. En sık etkilenen arterler subklavyan, aksiller ve brakiyal arter; daha nadiren de radiyal ve ulnar arterlerdir. Subklavyan arter anevrizmaları en sık poststenotik dilatasyon ve ateroskleroza bağlıdır. İlerlemiş vakalarda anevrizma kesesi içinde tromboz ve uzak embolizasyon gelişebilir. Bu çalışmada rekürren distal embolizasyon kaynağı olan bir subklavyan arter anevrizması vakasını nadir görüldüğü için yayınlamayı uygun bulduk. (Damar Cer Der 2008; 17(l):39-42).

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    Kaya, Yalçin; Karayücel, Sedat; Karayücel, İsmihan;

    Total of 3500 mussels with an average length of 57.42±1.09mm and an average weight of 17.83±1.33g were collected from mooring ropes of AKBALIK trout farm in Sinop area and stored dry by covering with fabric, wet by covering with fabric (water-sprayed), dry without fabric, and wet without fabric at room temperature (24,5±1°C) and cold room (3±1°C). The experiment was started 19th of July and the mussels were checked to remove dead mussels and counted every twenty-four hours. Mortality rate was higher in the first two days than the last five days of the experiment in cold room stored mussels. On the other hand the mortality rate was lower in the first two days than the last two days of the experiment in room temperature stored mussels. As a result the mortality rate was found to be higher in room temperature stored mussels than in cold room stored mussels. Sinop bölgesinde AKBALIK AŞ'ne ait alabalık çiftliğinin çapa halatlarından toplanan ortalama boyu 57.421.09mmVe ağırlığı 17.831.33g olan 3500 adet midye oda sıcaklığında (24,5 l C) ve soğuk hava deposunda (31 C) üstü bezle kapalı kuru, üstü kapalı ıslak (su püskürtülmüş), üstü açık kuru ve üstü açık ıslak olarak muhafaza edilmiştir. Araştırmaya 19 Temmuzda 1997'de başlanmış ve her 24 saatte bir midyeler kontrol edilerek ölü olanlar ayıklanmış ve sayımlar yapılmıştır. Soğuk hava deposunda muhafaza edilen midyelerde araştırmanın ilk iki gününde son beş güne oranla ölüm oranı yüksek bulunmuştur. Oda sıcaklığında muhafaza edilen midyelerde ise ilk iki gündeki ölüm oranı son iki güne (toplam dört gün) göre önemli olarak düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak oda sıcaklığında muhafaza edilen midyelerin ölüm oranları soğuk hava deposunda muhafaza edilenlere oranla yüksek bulunmuştur.

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    Öğüt, Mehmet; Kılıç, Mustafa; Brohı, Abdulreşit;

    Azospirillum, zayıf bir azot fıkse edicisi olan fasulyede (Phaseöhıs vulgaris L.), aşıdaki RhizobiunrAzospiriUnm oranına bağlı olarak, değişik mekanizmaların etkisiyle kum madde miktarını ve nodülasyonu çoğaltmak yoluyla azot fiksasyonunu artırmaktadır. Azospirillum'un bu etkisinin fasulye çeşitlerinden bağımsız olup olmadığı belirlenmemiştir. Bunu belirlemek için, iki faktör (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 ve Rhizobium konsantrasyonları) içeren, genelleştirilmiş tesadüf blokları (fasulye çeşitleri) deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiş 3 tekrarlaman saksı denemesi yürütülmüştür.Rhizobium uygulamaları, sap ağırlığı, kök ağırlığı ve % kök azotunu; Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. sadece sap ağırlığını artırmıştır (p<0.01). Sap ağırlığı, Rhizobium ve Azospirillum yoğunluklarındaki artışla uyumlu olarak artmıştır. Rhizobium yoğunluğu arttıkça, kök ağırlığı artma eğilimindedir. En yüksek kök azot içeriği en düşük Rhizobium yoğunluğunda elde edilmiştir. Genel olarak, bitki büyümesi açısından en iyi fasulye çeşidi Şeker olmuştur. Azospirillum. azot kapsamında herhangi bir değişikliğe neden olmazken, sap ağırlığını artırmıştır. Bu çalışma, daha önceki tezlere ilave olarak, Azospirillum'un fasulyede bitki büyümesine katkılarının, biyolojik olarak fikse edilen azottan ziyade, büyük ölçüde bitki büyümesini direk artıran mekanizmalar yoluyla olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Azospirillum, depending on Azospirillum:Rhizobium cell ratio in inoculant, increases dry matter accumulation and N content by enhancing nitrogen fixation in bean (Phaseohis vulgaris L.). Whether mis effect of Azospirillum is additive with respect to bean cultivar is not determined. To determine this, a pot experiment, designed as a generalized randomized blocks (bean cultivars) with two factors (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 density and Rhizobium density) and three replications was conducted. Rhizobium increased the shoot and root dry-weights, and root nitrogen content (p<0.01). Azospirillum increased shoot weights only (p<0.01). The shoot content increased as both Rhizobium and Azospirillum cell density increased accordingly. As Rhizobium density increased the root dry weight tended to increase. The highest root nitrogen content was obtained at the lowest Rhizobium density. Generally, the best cultivar in terms of plant growth was Şeker. Azospirillum, although did not affect the nitrogen content, increased the shoot dry weight. This study, in addition to the earlier proposals, suggests that Azospirillum's major contribution in bean growth is by direct growth promoting mechanisms rather than biologically fixed nitrogen.

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    Tonta, Yaşar; Madran, Orçun; Holt, İlkay;

    Yaşar Tonta ve Orçun Madran Akademiden Notlar'ın bu bölümünde Açık Lisanslar ile ilgili konuşuyor.

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    Okumuş, Ahmet; Kaya, Muhammet; Önder, Hasan;

    Bu araştırmada Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Kampusu çevresinde yer alan diploid (Lolium, Peştuca ve, Secale), ile poliploid türlerde (Nicotiana ve Triticum) mayoz kromozomlarının eşlenme şekilleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarında herbir genotipin kendi içinde bivalent tipi yönünden eşlenme varyasyonu göstermesine rağmen, kiazma frekanslannında buna bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Kiazma frekansları telomer etkili hipoteze göre zincir olarak kromozomlarda meydana geldiği istatistiki olarak değerlendirilmiştir(p0.5). In the study, the meiotic chromosome pairing shapes were observed on the diploid (Lolium, Festuca, Secale) and polyploid plants (Nicotiana ve Triticum)growing around the campus of the university of Ondokuz Mayis. As a result of the study, while each genotype shows a variaton in terms of bivalent type, the chiasma frequencies appeared a change due to the chiasma frequency. The chiasma frequencies were utilized as ring bivalent due to the hypothesis of telomer effect of chromosomes (p>0.05).

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    Kaymak, H. Çağlar; Ece, Ali;

    Bu çalışmanın amacı Tokat ekolojik koşullarında değişik sebzelerle yapılan karışık dikimlerin biberde {Capsicum anmamı L.) verim ve kaliteye etkisini belirlemektir. 1999 yılında Tokat'ta yürütülen çalışmada 11 sebze türü kullanılmıştır. Denemede biber ana tür olarak belirlenirken. Kabak, Kök kereviz, Hıyar, Iceberg, Soğan, Maydanoz, Lahana, Bakla, Fasulye ve Bezelye yardımcı türler olarak kullanılmıştır. Biberde en yüksek verim biber+bakla (0.506 t/da), biber+kereviz (0,410 t/da) kombinasyonlarında tespit edilmiştir. Yardımcı tür olarak belirlenenler içerisinde en yüksek verim ise kabakta (5,481 t/da), lahanada (4,005 t/da), maydanozda (2.739 t/da) ve fasulyede (2,733 t/da) belirlenmiştir. Denemede istatistiksel incelemeler sadece biberde yapılmış olup yardımcı türlere ait gözlem sonuehıinda yapılmamıştır. Muamelelerin toplam verim üzerine etkileri %5 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of intercropping with different vegetables on yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Tokat ecological conditions. This study was carried out in Tokat 1999.11 different vegetable species were used in this study. Pepper was used main species; squash, celery root, cucumber, iceberg, onion, parsley, cabbage,broad-bean, bean and pea were used for helper species. The highest yield of pepper was obtained irom pepper+bean (0,506 t/da) and pepper+celery (0,410 t/da) combinations. The highest yield of helper species were squash (5.481 t/da). cabbage (4,005 t/da), parsley (2.739 t/da) and bean (2.733 t/da). Statistical analyses were made only on pepper species. Effects of combinations on yield were significant at 5% level.

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    Çoban, Ahmet Yılmaz; Birinci, Asuman; Gün, Mehmet Akif; Ekinci, Bora; +1 Authors

    Tüberkülin testinin pozitifliği, bir kişinin mikobakteriler ile daha önceden enfekte olduğunu ve canlı bakterileri taşıdığını ifade etmekte olup, o andaki aktif hastalığı ya da bağışıklık durumunu belirtmez. BCG aşılamasından sonra ise testin pozitifliği 3-7 yıl devam edebilir. Bu çalışma, Artvin ve yöresindeki ilköğretim okullarında tüberkülin testi pozitifliğini araştırarak çocukların M.tuberculosis enfeksiyonuna duyarlılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla'yapılmıştır. İlköğretim 1-8. sınıflarda okuyan 7-14 yaş arasındaki 2001 kız ve 2209 erkek olmak üzere toplam 4210 çocuğa tüberkülin testi uygulanmış ve sonuçlar yaşa ve skar sayısına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çocukların 3394'ü (%80.6) BCG aşı skarı taşımaktadır. Sonuç olarak, çocukların 284'ünde (%6.7) tüberkülin pozitifliği saptanmış, bu oranın aşılı olanlarda %6.6, aşısız olanlarda %7.5 olduğu ve aralarında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. A positive tuberculin test indicates that an individual has been infected in the past and continues to carry viable mycobacteria. lt does not imply that there is active disease or immunity. After BCG vaccination, a positive test may last for only 3-7 years. The present study was carried out to evaluate the rates of tuberculin test positivities and sensitivities to Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the children educated in primary schools of Artvin province and its suburbs. A total of 4210 children (2001 females and 2209 males) ages between 7-14 years old, introduced with tuberculin test and the results were evaluated according to the ages and scar numbers. Of these children, 3394 (80.6%) were observed to have BCG vaccination scar. As a result, 284 (6.7%) of the children showed tuberculin positivity, and this rate was found to be 6.6% in vaccinated and 7.5% in nonvaccinated subjects which was not statistically significant.

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    Cüneyt Özek; Özgür Erdem; Ufuk Bilkay; Serhat Totan; +4 Authors

    The radiovolar area of the forearm constitutes a versatile source of composite tissues for free flap reconstruction for many areas of the body. The skin is thin and relatively hairless, and the vascular pedicle is long and large caliber. The principal disadvantage, that this is a conspicuous donor site, has not been a source of concern for our patients. Between 1993-1999, 10 patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction of the different anatomic regions of the body using the microvascular radial forearm free flap. All free flaps survived completely. Ön kolun radyovolar bölgesi, vücudun birçok bölgesinde serbest flep ile rekontrüksiyon için ideal bir donör sahadır. Bu bölgedeki deri ince ve kılsız olup, flebin pedikülü uzun ve geniş çaplıdır.Bu flebin en önemli dezavantajı oldukça belirgin donör saha skarı olmakla beraber, hiçbir hastamızda bu yönde bir şikayet olmamıştır. Kliniğimizde 1993-1999 tarihleri arasında toplam 10 hastaya, değişik anatomik bölgelerde radyal ön kol serbest flebi ile yumuşak doku rekonstrüksiyonu yapılmıştır. Yapılan bütün flepler tam olarak yaşamıştır.

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    Esin F. ERKİN;Ali Rıza KANDİLOĞLU;Übeyt İNAN;Peyker TÜRKDOĞAN;Özcan KAYIKÇIOĞLU;Cenap GÜLER;

    AMAÇ: Pterjium etiyolojisinde temelde güneş ışınları suçlanmakla beraber immünolojik ve allerjik etiyolojiden de şüphelenilmektedir. Bu çalışmada immünolojik ve allerjik hastalıklarda dokularda izlenen, ayrıca fibroblast büyüme faktörü kaynağı olan mast hücrelerinin pterjium dokusunda miktarının ve dağılımının araştırılmasını amaçladık. YÖNTEM: 21 pterjium doku örneğindeki mast hücre sayısı, yaşı uyumlu sağlıklı kişilerin konjonktivalarındaki mast hücre sayısıyla karşılaştırıldı. Kesitler mast hücrelerini belirlemek için hematoksilen eozin ve toluidin mavisi ile boyandı. Işık mikroskobu kullanılarak X400 büyütme altında kesitteki mast hücreleri sayıldı. BULGULAR: Ortalama mast hücre sayısı pterjium dokularında 31.33 ± 21.04 iken normal konjonktivalarda 11.10 ± 4.90' di. Aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p = 0.001). SONUÇ: Dokularda mast hücrelerinin artmış olması pterjium gelişiminde bu hücrelerin önemli bir rolü olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. PURPOSE: Although environmental factors, such as ultraviolet irradiation, have been suggested as the main causative factor in the development of pterygium, immunologic and allergic aetiologies have also been suspected. In this study, we aimed to investigate the quantity and distribution of mast cells in pterygium tissues which are observed in tissues in immunologic and allergic diseases, in addition to being a source of fibroblast growth factor. METHOD: The number of mast cells in 21 pterygium tissue specimens were compared with those in the conjunctiva of healthy age-matched subjects. Sections were stained with haematoxyline-eosin and toluidin blue in order to identify mast cells. Mast cells in sections were counted using light microscopy under x400 magnification. RESULTS: While the mean number of mast cells in pterygium tissues was 31.33 ± 21.04 the mean number of mast cells in normal conjunctiva was 11.10 ± 4.90. The difference between groups was significant (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The increase of mast cells in tissues shows that these cells may have an important role in the evolution of pterygium.

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    Coşkun, Murat; Zoroğlu, Süleyman Salih; Öztürk, Mücahit;

    Bipolar bozukluk çocuk, genç ve erişkin hastalarda sıklıkla diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla birlikte bulunmaktadır. Psikiyatrik komorbidite erişkin hastalarda tedaviyi ve hastalığın gidişini etkileyen önemli bir etken olarak bildirilmiş-tir. Pediatrik bipolar bozuklukta psikiyatrik komorbidite istisna olmaktan öte kural olarak kabul edilmektedir ve hastalığın tedavi ve gidişini etkilemesinin yanı sıra tanı aşamasında da önemli zorluklarla yol açabilmektedir. Diğer taraftan mani ya da hipomani belirtilerinin önemli bir kısmı diğer çocukluk çağı psikiyatrik bozukluklarında da sıklıkla bulunmakta, hatta tanı özellikleri arasında yer almaktadır. Yüksek komorbidite oranlarıyla birlikte belirtilerin diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla çakışması pediatrik bipolar bozukluktaki önemli tanısal zorlukların başında gelmek-tedir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında pediatrik bipolar bozuklukla sıklıkla komorbidite gösteren ve/veya ayırıcı tanıda zorluk yaratan psikiyatrik bozuklukların literatur ışığında gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Pubmed pediatric/juvenile bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder children/adolescents, bipolar disorder comorbidity/differential diagnosis, ADHD, disruptive behavior/anxiety/substance use/psychotic disorders, schizophrenia sözcükleri değişik kombinasyonlarda kullanılarak taranmış ve ilişkili makalelerin tam metin ya da özetlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bipolar disorder is frequently found in comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in young and adult subjects. Psychiatric comorbidity has been reported play a significant role in the treatment and course of bipolar disorder in adult subjects. Meanwhile psychiatric comorbidity is a rule, rather than an exception, in pediatric bipolar disorder and has also a great impact on the treatment and course of the illness. Besides that, psychiatric comorbidity remains an important issue and difficulty while making diagnosis of bipolar disorder in young subjects. Meanwhile majority of symptoms of mania or hypomania are frequently encountered and even included among diagnostic characteristics of other childhood psychiatric disorders. Higher comorbidity and symptom overlapping with other psychiatric disorders is a major difficulty in the diagnosis and differentiation of bipolar disorder in young subjects. This review article aims to present and discuss psychiatric comorbidty and differential diagnosis in pediatric bipo-lar disorder in the light of current literature. A literature search was performed in Pubmed using different combina-tions of &#65533;pediatric/juvenile bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder children/adolescents, bipolar disorder comorbidity/ differential diagnosis, ADHD, disruptive behavior/anxiety/substance use/psychotic disorders, schizophrenia&#65533; and fulltext or abstract of relevant articles were reviewed.

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