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Base de données aérodynamique; Acoustic signal of speech sounds is underlain by aerodynamic principles. The Aerodynamics of speech contributes to the mechanistic explanations of speech production. This database was designed during an ARC project ”Dynamique des syste`mes phonologiques” in which the study of aerodynamic constraints on speech was an important target. Data were recorded between 1996 and 1999 at the Erasmus Hospital (Hôpital Erasme) of Université Libre de Bruxelles. The goal was to obtain a substantial amount of data with simultaneous recording, in various context, of the speech acoustic signal, subglottal pressure (Ps), intraoral pressure (Po), oral airflow (Qo) and nasal airflow (Qn). This database contains recordings of 2 English, 1 Amharic, and 7 French speakers and is provided with data conversion and visualisation tools. Another aim of this project was to obtain some reference values of the aerodynamics of speech production for female and male speakers uttering different types of segments and sentences in French.

URL des Documents de travail : https://centredeconomiesorbonne.cnrs.fr; Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2020.27 - ISSN : 1955-611X; It has been claimed that climate policies can be evaluated by the Pareto principle. However, climate policies lead to different identities and different numbers of future people. Even if one assumes that the number of future people is countably infinite independently of policy choice, the problem is that there exists no natural one-to-one correspondence between the components of the compared alternatives. This non-existence means that the components of streams are indexed by natural numbers that do not correspond to particular people, making a case for impartiakity in the sense of Strong anonymity. Strong anonymity is incompatible with Strong Pareto. The paper re-examines this incompatibility and investigates how far sensitivity for the well-being at any one component can be extended without contradicting Strong anonymity. We show that Strong anonymity combined with four rather innocent axioms has two consequences: (i) There can be sensitivity for the well-being at a particular component of the stream if and only if a finite set of people have higher well-beings, and (ii) adding people to the population cannot have positive social value.

URL des Documents de travail : https://centredeconomiesorbonne.cnrs.fr/publications/; Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2020.15R - ISSN : 1955-611XVersion originale Septembre 2019, révisée en Mars 2021; Maximising expected value is the classic doctrine in choice theory under empirical uncertainty, and a prominent proposal in the emerging philosophical literature on normative uncertainty, i.e., uncertainty about values. But how should Expectationalism be stated in general, when we can face both uncertainties simultaneously, as is common in life? Surprisingly, different possibilities arise, ranging from Ex-Ante to Ex-Post Expectationalism, with several hybrid versions. Expectationalism thus faces the classic dilemma between ex-ante and ex-post approaches. Different expectational theories reach diverging evaluations, use different modes of reasoning, and take different attitudes to risk; but they converge undre an interesting (necessary and sufficient) condition. We relate choice under normative uncertainty to choice by Harsany's impartial observer' and Rawls's person behind the 'veil of ignorance', who are uncertain about their own identity and values; and we relate Expectationalism under normative uncertainty to Harsanyi's linear approach to aggregating values of different individuals or identities.

We describe some instrument-based practices of navigation on the high seas, and we introducethe notion of instrumental negotiation and navigational shortcut. We assess the role of astronomicnavigation in second-to-second steering and in wayfinding. We detail a number of observations concerningtime, space representation, redundancy as a facilitator, and the modulation of social interactions.

International audience; Les antennes de petites dimensions sont un sujet qui a toujours été à la mode auprès des ingénieurs désireux de faire rayonner un signal électromagnétique par un conducteur de dimensions aussi réduites que possible (penser “faire tenir une antenne dans un téléphone portable”). Le problème a été abordé très tôt, alors que les émissions sub-MHz donc avec des longueurs d’onde de plusieurs kilomètres étaient courantes [1]. Alors qu’il a été rapidement montré qu’il existe des limitations physiques aux performances de telles antennes qui ne sont déterminées que par le rayon de la sphère englobant l’antenne [2] – et en particulier sur le facteur de qualité de l’antenne qui est d’autant plus élevé que l’antenne est petite, réduisant ainsi sa bande passante – le sujet reste d’actualité dans un contexte de prolifération des objets communiquant par onde radiofréquence de plus en plus petits [3].

Information Extraction is the art of extracting structured information from natural language text, and it has come a long way in recent years. Many systems focus on binary relationships between two entities-a subject and an object. However, most natural language text contains complex information such as beliefs, causality, anteriority, or relationships that span several sentences. In this paper, we survey existing approaches at this frontier, and outline promising directions of future work.

Summary:The European economic union is incomplete, which makes it vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks. The opportunity to move forward in the integration process was highly debated even before the Covid-19 crisis.Yet the diverging views among countries and political groups are often considered as an obstacle on the path to required agreements for completing the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). We present the results of a survey conducted in 2018 among members of national parliaments (MPs) in France, Germany and Italy on European integration in policy fields related to risk-sharing and budgetary institutions, asking for their opinion on proposals such as the creation of a European Unemployment Insurance (EUI), Eurobonds, or an EU tax. We find that nationality and political groups are key determinants of support for such proposals, the latter being the strongest. We describe how opinions are divided and try to identify policy proposals which could gather enough political support. The agreement reached on July 21st, 2020 at the last European summit includes financial transfers between States and the creation of Eurobonds, thus representing an important institutional move and an application of some of the reforms suggested by our survey. Yet what has been decided upon is only temporary and leaves open the question of the future of European integration.Key points: At first glance, the answers show diverging opinions on most questions between countries with Italy supporting more integration, and Germany opposing it for most proposals. France has an intermediate position, leaning towards Italy. A breakdown of the results by party affiliation shows a more nuanced picture. For cross-country comparisons, we build a party indicator using the affiliation of national parties to European political groups. National MPs associated with the group of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) at the European level show strong support for the creation of new fiscal institutions and a new EU tax, and for risk sharing institutions (European Unemployment Insurance, Eurobonds). On the contrary, MPs associated with the European People’s Party (EPP) are mildly positive or against risk-sharing and fiscal institutions. National MPs affiliated to Renew Europe hold similar views to S&D MPs, but are less supportive of risk-sharing mechanisms. There is a substantial diversity of positions between the German AfD, the Italian Lega and the 5-star movement: the three parties have diverging views on the future of integration. Our econometric analysis shows that party affiliations have more explanatory power than nationality for all questions. This clearly shows that outcomes of national parliamentary elections could change the overall support for any issue.; Summary:The European economic union is incomplete, which makes it vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks. The opportunity to move forward in the integration process was highly debated even before the Covid-19 crisis.Yet the diverging views among countries and political groups are often considered as an obstacle on the path to required agreements for completing the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). We present the results of a survey conducted in 2018 among members of national parliaments (MPs) in France, Germany and Italy on European integration in policy fields related to risk-sharing and budgetary institutions, asking for their opinion on proposals such as the creation of a European Unemployment Insurance (EUI), Eurobonds, or an EU tax. We find that nationality and political groups are key determinants of support for such proposals, the latter being the strongest. We describe how opinions are divided and try to identify policy proposals which could gather enough political support. The agreement reached on July 21st, 2020 at the last European summit includes financial transfers between States and the creation of Eurobonds, thus representing an important institutional move and an application of some of the reforms suggested by our survey. Yet what has been decided upon is only temporary and leaves open the question of the future of European integration.Key points: At first glance, the answers show diverging opinions on most questions between countries with Italy supporting more integration, and Germany opposing it for most proposals. France has an intermediate position, leaning towards Italy. A breakdown of the results by party affiliation shows a more nuanced picture. For cross-country comparisons, we build a party indicator using the affiliation of national parties to European political groups. National MPs associated with the group of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) at the European level show strong support for the creation of new fiscal institutions and a new EU tax, and for risk sharing institutions (European Unemployment Insurance, Eurobonds). On the contrary, MPs associated with the European People’s Party (EPP) are mildly positive or against risk-sharing and fiscal institutions. National MPs affiliated to Renew Europe hold similar views to S&D MPs, but are less supportive of risk-sharing mechanisms. There is a substantial diversity of positions between the German AfD, the Italian Lega and the 5-star movement: the three parties have diverging views on the future of integration. Our econometric analysis shows that party affiliations have more explanatory power than nationality for all questions. This clearly shows that outcomes of national parliamentary elections could change the overall support for any issue.

This is a position paper presented at CHI2021 Workshop called "Towards Explainable and Trustworthy Autonomous Physical Systems".; The spread of AI-embedded systems involved in human decision making makes it critical to build these systems according to trustworthiness standards. To understand whether this goal was achieved, users' trust in these systems must be studied. However, empirically investigating trust is challenging. One reason is the lack of standard protocols to design trust experiments. To get an overview of the current practices in the experimental protocols for studying trust in the context of AI-assisted decision making, we conducted a systematic review of such papers. We annotated, categorized, and analyzed them along the constitutive elements of an experimental protocol (i.e., participants, task). Drawing from empirical practices in social and cognitive studies on human-human trust, we provide practical guidelines and research opportunities to improve the methodology of studying Human-AI trust in decision-making contexts. In this workshop, we would like to start the discussion about how these guidelines and research questions can be used in the laboratory and in the wild.

24th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming Doctoral Program CP 2018; Program verification is a key issue for critical applications such as aviation, aerospace, or embedded systems. Bounded model checking (BMC) and constraint programming (CBMC, CBPV, ...) approaches are based on counterexamples that violate a property of the program to verify. Searching for such counterexamples can be very long and costly when the programs to check contains floating point computations. This stems from the fact that existing search strategies have been designed for discrete domains and, to a lesser extent, continuous domains. In [12], we have introduced a set of variable choice strategies that take advantages of the specificities of the floats, e.g., domain density, cancellation and absorption phenomena. In this paper we introduce new sub-domain selection strategies targeting domains involved in absorption and using techniques derived from higher order consistencies. Preliminary experiments on a significant set of benchmarks are very promising.

URL des Documents de travail : https://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/documents-de-travail-du-ces/; Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2018.38 - ISSN : 1955-611X; We introduce a new methodology that enables the detection of onset of convergence towards Nash equilibria, in simple repeated-games with infinite large strategy spaces. The method works by constraining on a special and finite subset of strategies. We illustrate how the method can predict (in special time periods) with a high success rate the action of participants in a series of experiments.